Writing Life and Readers Questions (Jodi Taylor)

Terry Pratchett Told Me To Read Your book. This interchange was recorded in one of the monthly Zoom meetings with Jodi and fans held on the forum. CLICK HERE for the Jodiworld forum.

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I first read Pride and Prejudice when I was a teenager and loved it. Clever, funny Mr Bennett; witty Lizzie; pretty Jane; villainous Wickham; sardonic – and rich – Mr Darcy; and, of course, silly Mrs Bennett.

And yet, she isn’t, is she? Silly, I mean. Clever, funny Mr Bennett has so mismanaged his estate that, on his death, his wife and any unmarried daughters will be very badly off indeed. As was common in those days, Mr Bennett’s estate of Longbourn is entailed. In other words, on his death the estate passes, in its entirety, to the nearest male heir and the widow and children must move out, resulting in a dramatic worsening of their financial position and social status.

Witness Mrs and Miss Bates in Emma. When rebuking Emma for her public slighting of Miss Bates, Mr Knightly informs Emma that Miss Bates once occupied a position very similar to Emma herself, but had, presumably lost everything when she and her mother had to leave their comfortable home and rely on the charity of friends and neighbours even to be able to enjoy a few basic comforts.

We see the same situation in Sense and Sensibility when the Dashwoods must leave their home. At a stroke they lose husband, father, home, status and financial security.

Presumably the same will happen to the female Bennetts and their situation will be equally dire. No mechanism existed for women to earn their own living in those days. They might, if they were fortunate, become either governesses or unpaid drudges to other members of their family, but that’s about it.

No one is more aware of how bleak their future will be than Mrs Bennett, endlessly scheming to get her daughters married and safely settled while Mr Bennett retires to his library, sipping wine and reading books.

Mrs Bennett, on the other hand, uses every trick a matchmaking mama’s repertoire. Jane is denied the carriage and sent out on horseback because it looks as if it might rain and she will have to stay at Netherfield overnight, considerably increasing her chances of snaring Mr Bingley. Lizzie is to be sacrificed to the clergyman Mr Collins. Lydia and Catherine are almost flung at the military officers at their nearby encampment.

It's all very witty and funny but Mrs Bennett probably lay awake at night, wondering what would become of her daughters.

Indeed I would go further. The true villain of the piece is Elizabeth Bennett herself, who wilfully refuses both Mr Collins – OK, we’ll let her off refusing Mr Collins – and the enormously wealthy Mr Darcy and his ten thousand pounds a year. Even when I first read the book in the sixties ten thousand pounds was a hell of a lot of money. A very quick google shows that ten thousand then would be worth around one million pounds today. Lizzie Bennet could have solved all her family’s problems at a stroke. Mr Bennett’s financial difficulties would disappear. There would be generous dowries for each of the girls and financial security for Mrs Bennett. A greatly improved social position would have meant excellent marriage prospects for her sisters. And Lydia Bennet would never have gone to Brighton and run away with Wickham. In fact, Wickham wouldn’t have been allowed anywhere near her. Her life would never have been ruined.

And yet Lizzie refuses him.

A plot device, obviously. Lizzie had to say ‘no’ or the book would have ended there and then and that would have been a massive shame. The world would have been deprived of a literary masterpiece. And every story needs a little comic relief but think of poor Mrs Bennett, laughed at by generations and yet seemingly the only one making any provision for the future. She is the true heroine of Pride and Prejudice and Elizabeth Bennett is the villain.

And … discuss.

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In the future, Battersea Power Station is the HQ for the Time Police. Killing Time, book 5 in the Time Police series was launched there on 30th June. Before the event Jodi took the time to experience the LIFT 109 which takes you up one of the chimneys to a viewing platform at the top. This is a joyous video of that wonderful experience.

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In Christmas Present the team from St Mary’s jump back to Colchester in AD60 and encounter Boudicca and her bloodthirsty Iceni hordes. This History Briefing explores the life of Boudicca, the Iceni tribe, and the historical context of their rebellion against Rome.

Boudicca is one of the most iconic figures in British history, celebrated for her fierce resistance against the Roman occupation of Britain. As the queen of the Iceni, a Celtic tribe in Eastern England, she led a major uprising in AD 60-61, symbolizing the struggle for freedom against oppression.

The Iceni were a Celtic tribe located in what is now Norfolk, parts of Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire in England. They were a significant tribal group in the region during the Iron Age and early Roman period. The Iceni were known for their warrior culture, with an economy based on farming, trade, and craftsmanship. They minted their own coins, indicating wealth and political autonomy before the Roman conquest.

Before the uprising, the Iceni had a complex relationship with the Romans. When the Romans first invaded Britain in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, the Iceni initially accepted Roman rule and even became a client kingdom, meaning they maintained a degree of independence under the leadership of their king, Prasutagus. This arrangement allowed the Iceni to continue their way of life with some autonomy, provided they remained loyal to Rome.

The revolt that made Boudicca famous was triggered by a series of Roman abuses following the death of her husband, King Prasutagus. Upon his death, Prasutagus left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman emperor, hoping to safeguard his family's position and the independence of his people. However, the Romans ignored his will, annexing the kingdom, seizing Iceni lands, and subjecting the nobles to brutal treatment. Boudicca herself was flogged, and her daughters were raped, acts that incited the Iceni and neighboring tribes to rebellion.

In AD 60 or 61, Boudicca united several tribes, including the Trinovantes, to lead a massive uprising against the Romans. The rebels first targeted Camulodunum (modern-day Colchester), the former capital of Roman Britain and a symbol of Roman oppression. The city was burned to the ground, and its inhabitants were slaughtered. The Ninth Roman Legion, sent to suppress the rebellion, was ambushed and destroyed.

Buoyed by their initial success, Boudicca's forces marched on Londinium (modern-day London), the commercial heart of Roman Britain. Recognizing the threat, the Roman governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, evacuated the city. Nevertheless, Boudicca's army razed Londinium to the ground, killing thousands of inhabitants. The rebels then continued to Verulamium (modern-day St Albans), which met a similar fate.

The final and decisive battle of Boudicca's revolt took place at an unidentified location, traditionally thought to be along Watling Street, a major Roman road. Suetonius, who had regrouped his forces, chose a narrow battlefield that neutralized the numerical superiority of Boudicca's army. Despite their fierce determination, the Britons were outmatched by the disciplined Roman legions.

According to Roman historian Tacitus, Boudicca's forces were decisively defeated, with tens of thousands of Britons killed. Boudicca's fate remains uncertain—some sources suggest she took poison to avoid capture, while others claim she fell ill and died. Her defeat marked the end of significant organized resistance to Roman rule in Britain.

Boudicca's rebellion, though ultimately unsuccessful, left a lasting legacy. In Roman accounts, she was portrayed as both a noble leader and a barbarian queen, embodying the ferocity of the British tribes. Over time, Boudicca became a symbol of the fight for justice and freedom, inspiring countless works of literature, art, and popular culture.

For the Iceni, the aftermath of the rebellion was devastating. The Romans imposed harsh reprisals, confiscating lands and enforcing stricter regional control. The Iceni were effectively subdued, and their identity gradually merged into the broader Romano-British culture.

Boudicca's story is one of courage and defiance in the face of overwhelming odds. Her leadership of the Iceni and their allies in the revolt against Roman rule is a powerful reminder of the struggle for independence and the resilience of those who resist oppression. Although the rebellion was crushed, Boudicca's legacy as a symbol of resistance endures, making her one of the most celebrated figures in British history.

Read how the team from St Mary’s fare in Christmas Present by Jodi Taylor

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing. To read more please CLICK HERE.

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Stonehenge, one of the most iconic and enigmatic monuments in the world, stands on the Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. This prehistoric stone circle has fascinated people for centuries, inspiring numerous theories about its purpose, construction, and the people who built it. Dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, Stonehenge is a remarkable testament to the ingenuity and creativity of ancient peoples. This History Briefing explores the history, construction, and significance of Stonehenge, offering insights into its enduring mystery.

Stonehenge was built over several stages, with its construction spanning from approximately 3000 BC to 2000 BC. This period marked significant changes in the lives of the people who inhabited what is now southern England, including the transition from a hunter-gatherer society to one that was more settled and engaged in farming.

The early stages of Stonehenge’s construction began around 3100 BC, during the late Neolithic period, with the establishment of a circular earthwork enclosure known as a henge. This henge consisted of a ditch and bank, and within this enclosure, timber posts or stones were likely erected, though their exact purpose remains unclear.

The construction of Stonehenge involved several distinct phases:

* The Earthwork Enclosure (circa 3100 BC): The first phase of Stonehenge’s construction involved the creation of a large circular ditch, approximately 110 meters in diameter, with an internal bank. This early stage also included the placement of 56 pits, known as the Aubrey Holes, which may have originally held timber posts or stones.

* The Arrival of the Bluestones (circa 2600 BC): The next significant phase saw the introduction of the first stones, known as bluestones, which were transported from the Preseli Hills in Wales, over 150 miles away. These stones, weighing up to 4 tons each, were arranged in a double circle within the earthwork enclosure.

* The Sarsen Circle and Trilithons (circa 2500 BC): The most famous phase of Stonehenge’s construction occurred around 2500 BC, when the massive sarsen stones were erected. These stones, some weighing as much as 25 tons, were likely quarried from the Marlborough Downs, about 20 miles away. The sarsens were arranged in an outer circle, with a continuous lintel ring atop the standing stones. Inside this circle, five massive trilithons (pairs of upright stones with a horizontal lintel) were arranged in a horseshoe shape.

* Final Additions and Modifications (circa 2400-2000 BC): The final phase of Stonehenge’s construction involved the rearrangement of the bluestones within the sarsen circle and the addition of smaller stones and pits. This period also saw the alignment of the monument with the movements of the sun, particularly the solstices, suggesting a possible astronomical purpose.

The purpose of Stonehenge remains one of the most debated topics in archaeology. Several theories have been proposed over the years, each offering a different perspective on why this monumental structure was built:

* Astronomical Observatory: One of the most popular theories is that Stonehenge was used as an astronomical observatory. The alignment of the stones with the summer and winter solstices suggests that the monument may have been used to track the movements of the sun and moon, possibly for ritualistic or calendrical purposes.

* Religious or Ceremonial Site: Stonehenge may have served as a site for religious or ceremonial activities. The careful alignment with the solstices and the discovery of human remains and artifacts in and around the site suggest that it could have been a place of worship, pilgrimage, or burial.

* Healing Center: Another theory posits that Stonehenge was a place of healing. The bluestones, which were transported from Wales, were believed to have mystical properties, and the site may have attracted people seeking cures for illnesses.

* Social or Political Symbol: Stonehenge could also have been a symbol of power and unity. The effort required to construct such a monument would have necessitated the collaboration of a large community, reflecting a sophisticated and organized society.

The construction of Stonehenge was a massive undertaking that would have required significant resources, organization, and labour. The people who built it were part of a complex society, capable of large-scale projects and possessing a deep understanding of their environment.

Recent archaeological discoveries in the surrounding area, such as the nearby settlement of Durrington Walls, provide insights into the lives of the people who constructed Stonehenge. Evidence suggests that these communities were well-fed, with access to a variety of resources, and that they engaged in complex social and ritualistic practices.

Stonehenge continues to be a site of great cultural and historical significance. In 1986, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its importance as one of the most outstanding prehistoric monuments in the world.

Today, Stonehenge attracts millions of visitors each year, who come to marvel at its construction and contemplate its mysteries. Efforts to preserve the site have been ongoing for over a century, with modern conservation techniques ensuring that Stonehenge remains an enduring symbol of human ingenuity and creativity.

Stonehenge is a marvel of prehistoric engineering and a testament to the people who built it. Its purpose, while still shrouded in mystery, speaks to the sophisticated knowledge and cultural practices of the ancient Britons. Whether as an astronomical observatory, a religious site, or a social symbol, Stonehenge remains one of the most iconic and enigmatic monuments in human history, continuing to captivate and inspire people around the world.

Discover how the team from St Mary’s fared at Stonehenge in Lies, Damned Lies and History.

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The Battle of Stamford Bridge, fought on September 25, 1066, was a significant and decisive conflict that marked the end of Viking invasions in England. This battle saw the forces of the Anglo-Saxon king, Harold Godwinson, triumph over an invading Norwegian army led by King Harald Hardrada. Though overshadowed by the Battle of Hastings, which followed just three weeks later, Stamford Bridge was crucial in shaping the events that culminated in the Norman Conquest of England.

The origins of the Battle of Stamford Bridge lie in the succession crisis that followed the death of Edward the Confessor, the childless King of England, in January 1066. Several claimants vied for the English throne, including Harold Godwinson, who was crowned shortly after Edward's death, and William, Duke of Normandy, who also claimed that Edward had promised him the throne.

A third major contender emerged from Scandinavia—King Harald Hardrada of Norway. Hardrada, one of the most formidable Viking leaders of his time, based his claim to the English throne on an old agreement between the earlier kings of England and Norway. He was supported by Tostig Godwinson, the exiled brother of Harold Godwinson, who sought to reclaim power in England by helping the Norwegian king.

In September 1066, Harald Hardrada launched his invasion of northern England with a fleet of around 300 ships, carrying thousands of seasoned warriors. He was joined by Tostig, who brought additional forces. The Norwegian army advanced through Yorkshire, defeating local forces at the Battle of Fulford near York on September 20. Following this victory, they occupied the city and demanded hostages and supplies.

Harold Godwinson, who had been in southern England preparing for a possible Norman invasion, was forced to march north with his army to confront Hardrada’s forces. In a remarkable feat of endurance, Harold and his men covered the distance of approximately 200 miles from London to York in just four days, taking the Norwegians by surprise.

On the morning of September 25, 1066, the two armies met at Stamford Bridge, located east of York. Hardrada’s forces were caught off guard, as they had not expected Harold’s army to arrive so quickly. Many of the Norwegian soldiers had left their armor behind at their ships, believing they had time to regroup.

The battle began when Harold’s forces advanced on the Norwegian army, which was divided by the River Derwent. Hardrada’s men were unprepared, but they quickly formed a defensive position on the east bank of the river. According to legend, a single giant Norwegian warrior held the narrow bridge for a time, cutting down many English soldiers before being killed by a spearman who floated under the bridge in a barrel.

Despite this brief defense, Harold’s forces crossed the river and launched a full-scale assault. The battle raged throughout the day, with heavy casualties on both sides. King Harald Hardrada fought valiantly but was killed by an arrow to the throat. Tostig, Harold’s brother, was also slain in the battle.

Following the death of their leaders, the remaining Norwegian forces attempted to flee but were pursued and cut down by Harold’s troops. Out of the 300 ships that had carried Hardrada’s army to England, only 24 were needed to transport the survivors back to Norway. This crushing defeat effectively ended the Viking threat to England.

The Battle of Stamford Bridge was a decisive victory for Harold Godwinson, who had successfully defended his kingdom against the Norwegian invaders. However, the battle left Harold’s army severely depleted and exhausted, which proved to be a crucial factor in the events that followed.

Just days after his victory at Stamford Bridge, Harold received news that William, Duke of Normandy, had landed in southern England. Harold was forced to march his tired troops southward to face this new threat, leading to the famous Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066, where William the Conqueror emerged victorious and Harold was killed.

Although Stamford Bridge was a victory for the Anglo-Saxons, it weakened Harold’s ability to resist the Normans effectively, contributing to the eventual Norman Conquest of England.

The Battle of Stamford Bridge is often seen as the last major Viking incursion into England and is considered one of the battles that ended the Viking Age. For over two centuries, Viking raids and invasions had constantly threatened England, but after Stamford Bridge, the Viking influence in English politics waned dramatically.

Harald Hardrada, known for his ambition and military prowess, was one of the most feared warriors of his time. His death at Stamford Bridge marked the end of an era of Norse expansion and the last serious attempt by a Scandinavian king to claim the English throne.

While often overshadowed by the Battle of Hastings, the Battle of Stamford Bridge remains a crucial moment in English history. It highlights Harold Godwinson’s military skill and the resilience of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom. However, the toll it took on Harold’s forces ultimately contributed to the success of William the Conqueror just a few weeks later.

Discover how the team from St Mary’s got on at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in And The Rest Is History by Jodi Taylor.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing about The Battle of Stamford Bridge. Please CLICK HERE to read more history briefings that give you background information about the history from The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

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One of the most enduring legends about King Alfred the Great is the story of him burning cakes. In My Name Is Markham he, along with fellow disaster-magnets Peterson and Maxwell, is despatched to Anglo-Saxon England to discover the truth about Alfred and the cakes.

King Alfred the Great (849–899) was the king of Wessex and ruled from 871 to 899. He is celebrated for his military victories against the Vikings, his efforts to unify Anglo-Saxon England, and his contributions to education, law, and culture. However, the early years of his reign were fraught with difficulty. In 878, Alfred faced the most significant challenge of his life when the Vikings launched a surprise attack on Wessex, forcing Alfred into hiding.

During this period, Alfred and a small band of followers took refuge in the marshes of Somerset, particularly in an area around Athelney, an island-like retreat surrounded by water and swamp. It was during this time of struggle and uncertainty that the famous story of the burning cakes is said to have taken place.

According to the legend, while hiding from the Vikings, Alfred sought shelter in a peasant woman's cottage. Not recognizing her guest as the king, the woman asked Alfred to watch over some cakes (a type of bread or flatbread) that were baking on the hearth while she attended to other chores. Distracted by his worries and thoughts about how to reclaim his kingdom from the Vikings, Alfred let the cakes burn.

When the woman returned and discovered the charred cakes, she scolded Alfred for his negligence, allegedly saying something along the lines of, “You there! You man! You could not even turn the cakes, yet you dare to eat them!” The story concludes with Alfred humbly accepting the woman's rebuke without revealing his identity as the king.

The earliest known version of the story appears in the 12th-century work "Life of King Alfred," written by the monk Ælfric of Eynsham. This version is embellished with details that emphasize Alfred's humility and humanity. However, the 12th-century historian and chronicler Henry of Huntingdon popularized the story in his Historia Anglorum ("History of the English People").

It is unclear whether the tale is true, as there is no contemporary evidence to support it. Historians believe that the story may have been a way to illustrate Alfred's humility, perseverance, and ability to accept criticism—qualities that contributed to his reputation as a wise and just ruler. The legend highlights his humanity and connection to the common people by showing the king in such a humble light. It has also been seen as a reflection of Alfred's broader legacy as a ruler who valued education, culture, and the welfare of his people. The humility and patience demonstrated in the tale align with the qualities that made Alfred a revered figure, even earning him the unique title "the Great." Whether or not Alfred actually burned the cakes, the legend continues to be a powerful symbol of his enduring legacy as one of England's most respected and celebrated monarchs.

Find out how Markham, Max and Peterson fared when they went back in My Name is Markham to discover the truth about the cakes.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing CLICK HERE to read more background history from The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

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In The Steam Pump Jump, Markham relates the events at Raglan Castle when they go to investigate if Edward, Lord Herbert, son of Henry Somerset, built a "water commanding machine" in the Great Tower, which used steam to pump a huge spout of water high into the air. In this history briefing, we examine the history of Raglan Castle, which remains one of Wales’s most impressive castles. Raglan continues to captivate historians, architects, and visitors alike as a reminder of Wales’s turbulent history and a monument to its enduring cultural heritage.

Raglan Castle, located in Monmouthshire, Wales, is a majestic late medieval fortress with a rich and varied history. Built in the 15th century, it is one of Wales's most impressive and well-preserved castles. With its blend of military strength and Renaissance elegance, Raglan Castle offers visitors a unique glimpse into both the defensive needs and the luxurious tastes of the Welsh nobility during the late medieval period.

Construction of Raglan Castle began in the mid-15th century under Sir William ap Thomas, the lesser son of a Welsh family who rose through the ranks of mid-15th century politics, profiting from the benefits of the local offices he held. Sir William purchased the manor of Raglan and began building the stronghold around 1435, but his son, William Herbert, expanded the castle to the grand structure that stands today. Herbert, a powerful figure in the Wars of the Roses and later the Earl of Pembroke, transformed Raglan into a symbol of wealth and prestige. He was executed as a Yorkist supporter in 1469 after the Battle of Edgecote Moor. Building work may have stopped for a period under his son, also called William Herbert, before recommencing in the late 1470s. By 1492, the castle passed to Elizabeth Somerset, William Herbert's daughter, who married Sir Charles Somerset, passing the castle into a new family line.

Raglan Castle’s construction reflects a transitional period in British castle building, where comfort and status became as important as defense. The castle features massive stone walls, corner towers, and an impressive Great Gatehouse, but its spacious living quarters, ornate windows, and expansive gardens signal a shift toward a more refined and stately way of life. Unlike earlier fortresses, which were primarily built for defense, Raglan Castle was intended to be both a stronghold and a luxurious residence for its noble occupants.

Raglan Castle’s architecture is notable for its combination of defensive features and Renaissance influences. One of its most iconic features is the massive hexagonal Great Tower, also known as the Yellow Tower of Gwent. Positioned on an artificial mound and surrounded by a deep moat, the tower provided an elevated vantage point for observing the surrounding landscape and served as the final line of defense in case of an attack.

The Great Gatehouse, another striking feature, provided the main entrance to the castle and was equipped with portcullises and drawbridges for security. Once inside, the visitor would be struck by the grandeur of the castle’s residential areas. The Fountain Court, the heart of the castle, was surrounded by luxurious living quarters, including the state apartments, great hall, and private chambers. The Renaissance influences are evident in the large, airy windows, decorative battlements, and landscaped gardens designed to reflect the prestige of the Herbert family.

Raglan Castle played a significant role during the English Civil War (1642–1651). The castle’s then-owner, Henry Somerset, the 1st Marquess of Worcester, was a staunch supporter of King Charles I and used Raglan as a Royalist stronghold. The castle became a focal point of Royalist resistance in Wales, and in 1646, it was besieged by Parliamentarian forces under Sir Thomas Fairfax.

The siege lasted nearly 13 weeks, one of the longest of the Civil War, before the castle finally surrendered in August 1646. Fairfax ordered the castle to be totally destroyed under the supervision of Henry Herbert, a descendant of William ap Thomas. However, the fortifications proved too strong, and only a few of the walls were destroyed or slighted. Historian Matthew Johnson describes the event as having the atmosphere of a "community festival", as local people dredged the castle moat in search of treasure, and emptied the fishponds of valuable carp. The castle's library, including an important collection of Welsh documents and books, was either stolen or destroyed.

Today, Raglan Castle is managed by Cadw, the Welsh government’s historic environment service, and is open to the public as a heritage site. Despite the damage it sustained during the English Civil War, the castle remains one of Wales's most well-preserved medieval sites. Its iconic Great Tower, impressive gatehouse, and sprawling grounds continue to attract thousands of visitors each year.

Visitors can explore the castle’s ruins, including the remnants of its grand halls, private chambers, and defensive structures. From the top of the Great Tower, visitors can enjoy sweeping views of the surrounding countryside. The castle also hosts various events, reenactments, and educational programs throughout the year, bringing its rich history to life for modern audiences.

Discover how Markham and Peterson fared at Raglan castle in The Steam Pump Jump by Jodi Taylor.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing. Click here to read more background history to the events in The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

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On January 24, 1536, King Henry VIII of England suffered a serious jousting accident that would profoundly affect his reign and his life. The accident, which took place at Greenwich Palace, left Henry unconscious for two hours and is widely regarded as a pivotal moment that contributed to his physical decline, growing health problems, and increasingly erratic behavior in the final years of his reign. This event not only altered the course of Henry’s life but also had significant political and personal consequences, including its potential influence on his second wife, Anne Boleyn, and the Tudor court.

Henry VIII was known for his athleticism and love of sports and was an avid participant in jousting, a sport reserved for the nobility that involved two knights on horseback charging at each other with lances. By 1536, despite being in his mid-40s, Henry remained passionate about jousting, a display of both chivalric skill and royal power.

On the day of the accident, during a joust at Greenwich, Henry was unseated by his opponent when a lance struck him. What made the accident particularly dangerous was that Henry was fully armored, and when he fell from his horse—believed to weigh around 1,200 pounds—it is reported that the horse landed on top of him. The impact knocked the king unconscious, and he remained in that state for approximately two hours.

The court was thrown into panic, fearing for Henry’s life. Given the importance of the monarch's health to the realm's stability, any serious injury to the king could have led to political unrest. Although Henry eventually regained consciousness, the incident marked a critical turning point in his physical health.

Before the accident, Henry had been an active and fit king, renowned for his prowess in sports and hunting. However, after the jousting mishap, Henry’s physical health deteriorated rapidly. The fall is believed to have exacerbated an existing leg injury, possibly an ulcer or varicose veins, which became chronic and plagued him for the rest of his life. His mobility was increasingly restricted as the leg wounds frequently became infected, causing him excruciating pain and limiting his ability to engage in the activities he once loved.

Henry’s once athletic frame gave way to significant weight gain in the years following the accident. By the end of his reign, he had become obese and was frequently carried in specially made chairs or lifted by servants. The physical transformation was matched by a shift in his personality, which many historians believe became more volatile, paranoid, and cruel in the wake of the accident.

Henry’s second wife, Anne Boleyn, was pregnant at the time of the accident. This pregnancy was crucial for the Tudor dynasty, as Henry desperately needed a male heir. News of the king’s fall and his subsequent unconsciousness caused great distress in the court, and it is believed that Anne herself was deeply affected by the shock.

Tragically, just a few days after the accident, Anne miscarried a male child. This event was a devastating blow to both Anne and Henry, as it further strained their already troubled marriage. The miscarriage, following earlier failed pregnancies, added to Anne’s precarious position at court. By May 1536, just a few months after the jousting accident, Anne was arrested, tried for treason, and executed. While there were multiple factors leading to her downfall, the jousting accident and the subsequent miscarriage may have played a part in hastening her demise, as it removed her last chance of securing Henry’s favor by producing a male heir.

In the years following the accident, Henry VIII became increasingly tyrannical and unpredictable. His temper flared more easily, and he developed a reputation for cruelty, particularly toward those closest to him. Henry’s later years were marked by political purges, religious upheaval, and the execution of several close advisors, friends, and even family members.

The accident also symbolized a broader change in Henry’s reign, which shifted from the early, more optimistic years of Renaissance court culture and humanist ideals to a darker, more paranoid period characterized by distrust, personal betrayal, and religious persecution. Some historians suggest that the accident, and the head injury Henry may have sustained, could have contributed to this change in his mental state, though this remains speculative.

In many ways, the 1536 jousting accident set the stage for the final tumultuous decade of Henry’s reign, which would be defined by religious reform, multiple marriages, and a legacy of tyranny that continues to fascinate historians and readers alike.

Discover how Max and the team from St Mary’s fare when they go to investigate the accident in An Argumentation of Historians.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing. Click here to read more background history to the events in The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

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The sacking of Persepolis in 330 BC was one of the most infamous acts of Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire. While the city’s destruction symbolized the fall of the Achaemenid dynasty, it also highlighted the cultural and political tensions between the Persian and Greek civilizations. This History Briefing gives the background to the event which the team from St Mary’s investigated in An Argumentation of Historians.

Persepolis, once the magnificent capital of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, was a symbol of Persian wealth, culture, and power. Founded by King Darius I around 518 BC in the heart of Persia (modern-day Iran), Persepolis became one of the greatest architectural achievements of its time. However, in 330 BC, Persepolis was set ablaze and plundered by the forces of Alexander the Great, marking a turning point in the history of the Persian Empire.

By 330 BC, Persepolis was not just the ceremonial capital of Persia; it was a monument to the vast wealth and cultural sophistication of the Achaemenid dynasty. Constructed primarily during the reign of Darius I and his successors, Xerxes I and Artaxerxes I, Persepolis featured a series of palaces, grand halls, and temples, set upon a massive stone terrace that overlooked the surrounding plains.

The most iconic structures of Persepolis included:

* The Apadana Palace: A vast audience hall used for receiving tribute from subjects of the empire, decorated with detailed reliefs depicting the diversity of the peoples and cultures that fell under Persian rule.

* The Hall of a Hundred Columns: Another grand structure designed for royal ceremonies and banquets, known for its colossal columns and intricate carvings.

* The Gate of All Nations: A gateway flanked by monumental statues of mythical creatures, symbolizing the unity of the empire’s many nations under the king’s rule.

Persepolis also served as a place for the celebration of the Nowruz, the Persian New Year, where dignitaries from across the empire would come to pay tribute to the king and take part in elaborate ceremonies.

In 334 BC, Alexander the Great, the young king of Macedon, launched a military campaign against the Persian Empire under Darius III, aiming to conquer the vast and wealthy lands that spanned from Egypt to India. After a series of decisive battles, including the Battle of Issus (333 BC) and the Battle of Gaugamela (331 BC), Alexander steadily dismantled the Persian military and pushed deeper into the heart of Persia.

By the winter of 330 BC, Alexander’s army had reached Persepolis, the ceremonial heart of the Achaemenid Empire. Despite Darius III’s defeat and the collapse of Persian military resistance, Persepolis had remained largely intact and served as a reminder of Persian grandeur. However, the city’s fate was about to change.

According to ancient sources, including the writings of Arrian, Curtius Rufus, and Plutarch, the destruction of Persepolis was both an act of revenge and a calculated military decision by Alexander. Some accounts suggest that Alexander initially intended to preserve Persepolis, but a series of events led to the city’s fiery destruction.

One of the prevailing theories is that the burning of Persepolis was revenge for the Persian invasions of Greece, particularly the destruction of Athens during the Greco-Persian Wars. Alexander may have been encouraged by his Greek soldiers to avenge this insult by destroying one of the greatest symbols of Persian power.

Another account suggests that the city was set ablaze during a drunken revelry. It is said that while celebrating in the palace of Xerxes, one of Alexander’s companions, a courtesan named Thais, suggested burning the palace in retaliation for the Persian invasion of Greece. Whether or not the burning was spontaneous, Alexander eventually gave the order to set the city on fire.

The flames consumed much of Persepolis, including the grand palaces, temples, and treasury. While the reasons behind the burning remain debated by historians, its impact was clear: Persepolis, once the ceremonial and cultural heart of the Persian Empire, was reduced to ruins.

The burning of Persepolis marked the symbolic end of the Achaemenid dynasty. Although Darius III had already fled, his reign effectively ended with the destruction of his capital. Shortly after, Darius was captured and killed by his own satrap, marking the fall of the Persian Empire and the rise of Alexander’s Macedonian dominance.

For Alexander, the destruction of Persepolis was both a political and military triumph, reinforcing his control over the former Persian territories. However, the burning of the city also led to significant debate among his advisors and contemporaries. Some saw it as an unnecessary act of vandalism, while others viewed it as a justified reprisal for Persian aggressions against Greece.

Despite its destruction in 330 BC, the ruins of Persepolis have survived to this day, offering a glimpse into the grandeur and complexity of the Achaemenid Empire. The site’s remarkable stone reliefs, massive columns, and surviving structures continue to inspire awe and offer valuable insights into ancient Persian art, architecture, and culture.

In 1979, Persepolis was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical and cultural significance. Today, the ruins of Persepolis stand as a testament to the power and legacy of the Persian Empire and the dramatic events of 330 BC that brought about its end.

Discover how the St Mary’s Institute of Historical Research team fared in an Argumentation of Historians by Jodi Taylor.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing about The Battersea Power Station. CLICK HERE to read more background history from Jodi Taylor’s books.

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So, you’ve finished your manuscript (or are almost there) and are ready to share your work with the world. Congratulations! Now, unless you plan to self-publish, comes the next step: finding a literary agent to help get your book onto the shelves of major bookstores. But wait, do you even need a literary agent? What exactly do they do? And how on earth do you find the right one?

What Does a Literary Agent Actually Do?

In the simplest terms, a literary agent is like your personal advocate and business manager rolled into one. Their job is to find a publisher for your book, negotiate the best deal possible, and help guide your writing career long-term. Here are the main things a literary agent does for you:

* Manuscript Submission: A literary agent knows the ins and outs of the publishing world. They’ll submit your manuscript to the right editors at the right publishing houses. Think of them as your connection to all the big players in the book world.

* Negotiating Contracts: Publishers’ contracts can be a maze of legal jargon. A good agent makes sure you’re getting a fair deal — from advances and royalties to protecting your rights for things like film adaptations or international sales.

* Providing Feedback: Many agents offer editorial feedback to help polish your manuscript before sending it out. They know what sells and can give you the perspective you need to make your book shine.

* Career Guidance: Beyond just selling one book, a good literary agent helps you plan for the future. They’ll advise you on what direction to take next, whether you should stick with your genre, or branch out.

Do You Really Need a Literary Agent?

If you want to be traditionally published (especially by one of the “Big Five” publishers like Penguin Random House, HarperCollins, etc.), then yes, you almost definitely need a literary agent. Most of the big publishing houses don’t accept unagented submissions, meaning your book has to go through an agent to be considered.

However, if you’re going the self-publishing route, you don’t need an agent. But even in that case, some self-published authors find agents useful later on when negotiating foreign deals, film rights, or special projects.

How to Approach Finding a Literary Agent

Finding the right literary agent can feel a bit like dating: you’re looking for someone who understands your vision, believes in your work, and has the connections to make your dream a reality. Here’s how to get started:

1. Finish Your Manuscript

First things first — make sure your manuscript is finished. Agents want to see complete works, not half-written drafts or vague ideas. Polish your work, get feedback from beta readers, and be sure it’s as strong as possible before you start querying.

2. Research Agents

You wouldn’t send your thriller manuscript to an agent who only reps children’s books, right? Make sure you’re targeting agents who represent your genre. The Writers' & Artists' Yearbook and websites like QueryTracker and Publisher’s Marketplace are great places to find agents who are a good fit for your work. You can also check the acknowledgments sections of books similar to yours — authors often thank their agents there.

3. Write a Killer Query Letter

Your query letter is your first impression — so make it count! Think of it like a job application cover letter. You need a hook to grab their attention, a brief description of your book (including the genre, word count, and target audience), and a short bio. A good tip can be to say you recently enjoyed one of their client’s books and feel they would be a good fit for your work. Keep it professional but engaging, and don’t forget to follow each agent’s submission guidelines carefully (they often vary). They will usually ask for the first three chapters – make sure you have a really strong opening hook so they will be drawn in to read more. Books don’t need a linear timeline so, rather than building up to a major event in chapter seven, start with that event and then fill in the backstory.

4. Be Patient (And Persistent)

The query process can take time. Agents receive hundreds (sometimes thousands) of queries a month, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t hear back right away. It’s normal to get rejections — even famous authors like J.K. Rowling and Jodi Taylor were rejected many times before finding the right agent. Keep querying, and keep improving your work based on feedback if you get any.

5. Attend Conferences and Workshops

Many writing conferences and workshops offer opportunities to pitch agents in person. This can be a fantastic way to make a personal connection and get real-time feedback on your pitch. Plus, it’s a great networking opportunity to meet other writers and industry pros. I have attended these events and can highly recommend this strategy.

What to Expect Once You Land an Agent

Once you find an agent who loves your work and offers to represent you, it’s time to pop the champagne (or at least take a deep breath and celebrate!). But there’s still a lot to do. Your agent will likely give you feedback on your manuscript, and once it’s in tip-top shape, they’ll start submitting it to publishers.

Expect to be in regular communication with your agent, but keep in mind that it can still take months (sometimes longer) to hear back from publishers. Patience is key! Your agent will be there to guide you through the process, negotiate contracts, and help you make decisions about your writing career.

A Few Final Tips

* Watch out for scams: Legitimate agents don’t charge upfront fees. They make money by taking a percentage of the deals they negotiate for you, usually around 15%. If an “agent” asks for reading fees or charges you for editing services, steer clear.

* Demonstrate your professionalism: Ensure you list any qualifications or personal history regarding your subject matter.

* Show you can sell yourself: Yes, these days, writing a book is not enough—you also need to help promote it and yourself through social media. Make sure you have a website set up and accounts on social platforms. Substack is a great forum for emerging writers.

* Don’t give up: The road to finding an agent can be long, but persistence is key. Keep querying, keep improving your manuscript, and stay open to feedback.

* Trust your gut: Finding the right agent isn’t just about finding someone who wants to represent you — it’s about finding someone who gets your work and has your best interests at heart. Don’t be afraid to turn down an offer if something doesn’t feel right.

Here’s a sample pitch letter:

Dear [Agent's Name],

I’m seeking representation for my 75,000-word historical romance novel, Goodbye Sweetheart, a love story set against the turbulent backdrop of World War II London. It’s a perfect fit for readers who love the heart-wrenching, emotionally charged narratives found in books by your client, Jojo Moyes.

Goodbye Sweetheart follows the lives of two lovers, Rose Bennett and Tom Harrington, who meet in the summer of 1940, as London braces itself for the Blitz. Rose, a talented singer performing in underground clubs to keep spirits high, dreams of escaping the city for a quieter life. Tom, a brave yet battle-weary RAF pilot, finds solace in Rose’s voice during his brief periods of leave. Despite the chaos around them, they begin a passionate, whirlwind romance.

But as Tom faces increasingly dangerous missions over the Channel and Rose becomes caught up in war work that puts her in harm’s way, the couple are torn apart. As bombs fall and letters go unanswered, Rose is forced to confront the possibility that Tom might not come back. Can love survive the devastation of war, or will they be forced to say goodbye forever?

I believe Goodbye Sweetheart will resonate deeply with fans of historical fiction and wartime romance, offering a moving tale of hope, heartache, and resilience in the face of unimaginable loss. The rich period setting and emotionally charged story would appeal to readers who enjoy the sweeping love stories in novels like The Nightingale by Kristin Hannah and The Last Letter from Your Lover by Jojo Moyes.

I am a passionate historian with a background in [your relevant qualifications or experiences, if any]. After years of research into WWII London’s wartime spirit, I wanted to create a story that captures the humanity and courage of those who lived and loved during such a perilous time.

I would be delighted to send you the full manuscript of Goodbye Sweetheart for your consideration. Thank you so much for your time, and I look forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

[Your Full Name][Your Contact Information][Your Website or Social Media]

Good luck with your search for an agent. I wish you every success with your search and writing career. I became Jodi’s agent when she moved from Accent Press to Headline—it’s a role that I love and feel incredibly privileged to have, as she’s enormous fun to work with.  I don’t take on other clients, so I don’t accept submissions.

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So, you’ve finished writing your book (amazing!), and now you’re ready to get it out into the world. But as you dive into the publishing world, you realize there’s more than one route to seeing your name in print. One of the most popular alternatives to traditional publishing is self-publishing. If you're wondering what self-publishing is all about and why so many authors are choosing this path, this article will break it down for you.

What is Self-Publishing?

Self-publishing is exactly what it sounds like: you, the author, take control of the entire process of publishing your book. Instead of going through a traditional publisher who handles editing, cover design, marketing, and distribution, you’ll oversee everything (or hire people to help). Thanks to the rise of platforms like Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), IngramSpark, and others, it’s easier than ever to self-publish a book and make it available to readers worldwide.

The Basics: How Does Self-Publishing Work?

Here’s a simple step-by-step look at what’s involved in self-publishing:

* Write and Edit Your Book: Just like traditional publishing, self-publishing starts with a completed manuscript. Ensuring your book is as polished as possible before moving forward is crucial. You should hire a freelance editor to help refine your story and correct grammar, pacing, and continuity.

* Design a Cover: The saying “don’t judge a book by its cover” doesn’t really apply here. Readers absolutely judge books by their covers, so a professional-looking design is crucial. You can design it yourself (if you’re good at that kind of thing), or hire a designer to create one that’s eye-catching and genre-appropriate. A top tip is to check the covers on the bestselling books in your genre. Make sure yours will fit comfortably alongside these as a reader will immediately recognise the type of book you’ve written and will feel comfortable about trying it.

* Format Your Book: Before publishing, you’ll need to format your book for different reading devices. Whether you’re releasing it as an eBook, paperback, or both, there are specific formats to follow. Luckily, many self-publishing platforms provide templates, and there are professionals who can help with this too.

* Upload Your Book to a Self-Publishing Platform: Platforms like KDP and IngramSpark allow you to upload your manuscript, cover, and other book details. You can set your price, decide where to distribute your book, and even choose whether you want to sell it as an eBook, paperback, or hardcover.

* Hit Publish!: Once everything is ready and you’re happy with how it looks, it’s time to hit that publish button! Depending on the platform, your book can be live and available for purchase in a matter of hours or days.

* Promote and Market: This is one of the biggest differences between traditional and self-publishing. As a self-published author, marketing falls squarely on your shoulders. Social media, email newsletters, and book promotion sites are all tools you’ll likely want to use to spread the word about your book.

The Advantages of Self-Publishing

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s talk about why so many authors are opting to go the self-publishing route. Here are the key advantages:

1. Creative Control

One of the biggest reasons authors choose to self-publish is because they have complete control over the entire process. Want to write a sci-fi thriller mixed with a bit of romance? Go for it! You decide on everything, from the cover design to the title to the story itself. In traditional publishing, editors and publishers often have the final say in these matters. Self-publishing gives you the freedom to tell your story exactly the way you want.

2. Faster Time to Market

Traditional publishing can take months (or even years) from the time you sign a contract to when your book hits the shelves. With self-publishing, you can get your book out in a matter of days or weeks once it's ready. This is perfect for authors who want to get their work into readers' hands quickly.

3. Higher Royalties

Here’s a big one: money. In traditional publishing, authors typically earn around 10-15% royalties on each book sold. In self-publishing, platforms like KDP offer up to 70% royalties on eBooks (depending on pricing and distribution). While you won’t get an advance, the higher royalties can add up if your book sells well.

4. Access to Global Markets

Self-publishing platforms allow you to reach readers around the world. Your book can be available for purchase in the US, UK, Australia, and beyond with just a few clicks. You don’t need to worry about finding international publishers or navigating complex rights agreements.

5. No Gatekeepers

In traditional publishing, you usually need to secure a literary agent before you can even submit to publishers, and even then, there’s no guarantee of acceptance. Self-publishing removes all those barriers. You don’t need anyone’s permission to publish your book. If you believe in your work and are ready to share it with the world, you can do it.

6. Ability to Update or Change Your Book

If you want to make changes to your book after it’s been published, self-publishing allows you to update it easily. Want to tweak the ending or fix a typo you missed? No problem — just re-upload your updated manuscript. In traditional publishing, this would be a much bigger, slower process.

The Challenges of Self-Publishing

Of course, self-publishing isn’t all sunshine and rainbows. There are some challenges you should be aware of:

* Costs: Self-publishing means you’re responsible for all upfront costs. Editing, cover design, formatting, and marketing all come out of your pocket. However, you can keep these costs reasonable by researching affordable freelancers or using DIY tools.

* Marketing is on You: In traditional publishing, the publisher often takes care of a significant portion of the marketing. As a self-published author, you’ll need to put in the time and effort to promote your book and build an audience. This can be daunting, but it’s also an exciting opportunity to learn new skills.

* Stigma (Less So Nowadays): Self-publishing used to have a stigma of being “vanity publishing” or associated with lower quality. While that perception has shifted significantly in recent years (thanks to many self-published authors achieving incredible success), you may still encounter some bias. But the quality of self-published books is improving all the time — and readers care more about a good story than how it was published.

Is Self-Publishing Right for You?

Self-publishing is a great option if you’re looking for creative freedom, higher royalties, and control over your book’s journey. However, it does come with challenges like managing all aspects of the process and handling your own marketing. Ultimately, it comes down to what’s most important to you as an author.

If you want to maintain full control over your work, get your book to market quickly, and are ready to take on some of the business aspects of publishing, self-publishing could be the perfect route for you!

Whether you go the self-publishing route or try for a traditional deal, what matters most is that you believe in your story and are excited to share it with the world. There’s an audience out there for every book — it’s just a matter of finding the best way to reach them!

Jodi Taylor Books is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

When we think of Halloween, many of us picture trick-or-treaters in spooky costumes, pumpkins with grinning faces, and perhaps the odd black cat slinking across a moonlit street. While Halloween may seem like an American import, the truth is that many of its traditions and spooky stories have deep roots right here in the UK. Halloween in Britain is a fascinating mix of history, myth, and modern-day fun, from ghostly processions to ancient rituals aimed at warding off spirits. So, let’s dive into some of the best British Halloween myths and traditions.

Before Halloween became the commercial event we know today, it started with the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced "sow-in"). This festival celebrated over 2,000 years ago, marked the end of the harvest season and the start of the cold, dark winter. It was believed that the veil between the living and the dead was at its thinnest during Samhain, and spirits could wander the earth.

To protect themselves from these spirits, the Celts would light bonfires, wear costumes made of animal skins, and leave offerings of food to appease the wandering souls. This idea of dressing up to blend in with the spirits is thought to be the origin of our modern tradition of wearing Halloween costumes.

We all know the image of a pumpkin carved into a scary face with a candle flickering inside. But did you know that the tradition of carving jack-o’-lanterns began with turnips in the UK?

This spooky custom comes from an Irish folk tale about a man named Stingy Jack. Jack was a trickster who managed to trap the Devil not once, but twice. When Jack finally died, neither heaven nor hell wanted him, so he was left to roam the earth with nothing but a burning coal, which he placed inside a carved-out turnip to light his way. People began carving their own turnips (and later pumpkins) to ward off Stingy Jack and other malevolent spirits. When Irish immigrants brought the tradition to America, pumpkins became the go-to vegetable because they were larger and easier to carve.

If you love a good ghost story, you’ll be glad to know that Halloween in Britain has always had a spooky, supernatural vibe. One old belief was that if you stood at a crossroads or in a churchyard at midnight on Halloween, you could see a ghostly procession of the dead making their way back to the graveyard. According to legend, if you dared to join the procession, you might be taken away to the land of the dead.

Halloween was also thought to be a special night for predicting the future. Young women would try to catch a glimpse of their future husbands by peeling apples in one long strip and throwing the peel over their shoulders. It was believed that the peel would land in the shape of their future husband’s initials.

Witches have always had a strong association with Halloween, and in Britain, that’s especially true. The idea of witches gathering for a Sabbat (a meeting to cast spells and brew potions) on Halloween night comes from old folk beliefs. Halloween was seen as a time when dark forces were at their most powerful, and people feared that witches could use this night to cause all sorts of mischief. One of the most infamous stories tied to Halloween and witches is the Pendle Witch Trials of 1612, where a group of women in Lancashire were accused of witchcraft and put on trial. Most of the accused were women, and the evidence against them was shaky at best—relying on confessions that were likely forced and the testimony of a nine-year-old girl. In the end, ten people were found guilty and hanged. The trials have become infamous for showing how fear and superstition can spiral out of control, and to this day, Pendle Hill remains a spooky, eerie landmark.

While trick-or-treating has gained popularity in the UK in recent decades, some traditional British Halloween customs are still alive and well. One such tradition is the bonfire. In some parts of the UK, people would light bonfires on Halloween night, a practice that likely started with Samhain. The flames were thought to scare away evil spirits and protect the community from harm.

Apples also play a starring role in British Halloween traditions. Apple bobbing, a game where you try to grab apples floating in water using only your mouth, has been a popular activity for centuries. It’s thought that this tradition comes from the Romans, who celebrated the harvest festival of Pomona (the goddess of fruit and trees) by offering apples.

While many of the older, spookier traditions of Halloween have faded, modern British Halloween is a fun blend of ancient customs and new influences. Trick-or-treating, which didn’t become widespread in Britain until the 1980s and 1990s, is now a key part of the celebration, with children dressing up in spooky costumes and going door-to-door for sweets.

But unlike in the US, where Halloween often leans more toward fun than fear, Britain still embraces its haunted past. Ghost stories, haunted house tours, and creepy history walks are all part of the Halloween season, especially in towns with rich histories like York or Edinburgh, which are famous for their haunted locations.

Halloween in Britain is a wonderful mix of ancient Celtic beliefs, medieval superstitions, and modern-day fun. Whether you’re carving pumpkins (or turnips), bobbing for apples, or simply enjoying a scary film with friends, Halloween is a time to embrace the spooky and celebrate the mysteries of life and death. So, light your candles, watch for wandering spirits, and enjoy this frightfully fun time of year!

Have you discovered the Elizabeth Cage series by Jodi Taylor? They’re perfect reading for this time of year.

AI-generated audio has been added for accessibility.

British slang is a blend of history, humour, and culture, rich with quirky phrases that paint a colourful picture of everyday life. With its curious expressions and peculiar vocabulary, British English has plenty of phrases that leave Americans scratching their heads. Which of these are new to you?

1. “That’s pants.”

No, we’re not talking about trousers. When Brits say, “That’s pants,” they mean something is disappointing, rubbish, or just plain awful. It’s a wonderfully succinct way of expressing frustration.

2. “I’m knackered.”

After a long day, a Brit might collapse on the sofa and say, “I’m absolutely knackered.” “Knackered” simply means you’re exhausted. Try using this next time you’ve run up a few flights of stairs or binge-watched three seasons of The Crown in a single night.

3. “It’s all gone pear-shaped.”

What do Brits have against pears? Not a clue. But when something goes wrong, it’s “gone pear-shaped.” A disastrous recipe, a decorating disaster, or a missed flight—all of these things have “gone pear-shaped.”

4. “Bob’s your uncle.”

A phrase that’s baffled people for centuries, “Bob’s your uncle” is what you say when everything’s sorted, quick and easy. As in, “Just plug it in, press the button, and Bob’s your uncle!” It originated in 1887 when British Prime Minister Lord Salisbury appointed his nephew Arthur James Balfour as the Minister of Ireland. Balfour referred to the prime minister as “Uncle Bob.”

5. “I’ll give you a bell.”

This isn’t a generous offer of a small, chiming instrument. It’s just the British way of saying, “I’ll call you.” A quick “I’ll give you a bell” tells your mate you’ll ring them up later.

6. “Fancy a cuppa?”

If you’re ever in Britain, you’ll quickly discover that tea is the answer to nearly everything. “Fancy a cuppa?” is code for “Would you like a cup of tea?”—and, yes, the correct answer is always “yes.”

7. “Having a chinwag.”

While this might sound like an obscure exercise or even an insult, “having a chinwag” is just a friendly chat. “Fancy a chinwag?” means “Shall we have a chat?”

8. “I’m skint.”

To be “skint” means to be completely broke. If a Brit is low on cash, they might say, “I’d love to go out, but I’m skint.” Another term is “I’m brassic” This comes from rhyming slang in which "boracic" is short for "boracic lint," which means "skint"

9. “Bits and bobs.”

To the British, “bits and bobs” are the little odds and ends you have lying around. Loose change, hair ties, or the entire contents of a junk drawer could all be described as “bits and bobs.” It’s really just another way of saying “random stuff.”

10. “I’m absolutely chuffed.”

To be “chuffed” means you’re really pleased, and “chuffed to bits” means you’re delighted. Brits will tell you they’re chuffed when they get good news or manage to catch the last train.

11. “It’s a doddle.”

“It’s a doddle” means something is easy, a piece of cake. If a Brit is showing you how to make a cup of tea or tackle the Tube, they might say, “See? It’s a doddle.”

12. “I’m gutted.”

“Gutted” means you’re deeply disappointed. If your team loses or your favourite pub closes, you’d be “gutted.” It sounds drastic, but it’s a go-to word for conveying sincere disappointment.

So, next time you’re chatting with a Brit and they say they’re “knackered” or “gutted,” remember, they’re not in need of medical attention—just a good old-fashioned British cuppa!

Helen of Troy is one of the most iconic figures in Greek mythology, often referred to as the "face that launched a thousand ships". Her story is surrounded by numerous myths and interpretations, making her one of the most intriguing characters in classical literature. Though largely mythological, Helen's tale is filled with themes of love, beauty, betrayal, and divine intervention, deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of the ancient Greeks.

According to Greek mythology, Helen was the daughter of Zeus, king of the gods, and Leda, the queen of Sparta. The myth of Helen's divine birth is one of the many layers of her story that adds to her allure and mystique. Some versions state that Zeus, in the form of a swan, seduced Leda, resulting in Helen's birth. Helen's beauty was said to be unparalleled, and she was often described as having an almost supernatural allure. This beauty became both a blessing and a curse, as it ultimately led to her becoming a pawn in the games of gods and men.

The myth of Helen’s abduction is one of the most well-known aspects of her story. The events that led to the Trojan War began when Paris, the young prince of Troy, visited Sparta. Paris had been promised the most beautiful woman in the world by the goddess Aphrodite in exchange for awarding her the golden apple during a beauty contest among the goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. The golden apple was marked "for the fairest", and Aphrodite's bribe led Paris to travel to Sparta to claim Helen. Accounts vary as to whether Helen was abducted by Paris or willingly left with him, but the outcome was the same: Helen went to Troy, leaving behind her husband Menelaus and their daughter Hermione. This ambiguity has led to varying interpretations of her character: in some tales, she is seen as a victim of fate, while in others, she is portrayed as a woman driven by passion and desire.

The Trojan War, which lasted for ten years, was triggered by Helen's departure. Menelaus, furious at the loss of his wife, called upon the other Greek leaders to honour their pact and help him retrieve her. Under the leadership of Agamemnon, the brother of Menelaus, a vast coalition of Greek armies set sail for Troy, leading to one of the most famous sieges in classical mythology. The Greeks fought valiantly for a decade, with numerous heroes on both sides—including Achilles, Hector, and Odysseus—playing key roles in the epic struggle.

Helen's role during the war is portrayed with complexity in different versions of the myth. In Homer’s Iliad, she is depicted as remorseful, feeling guilt for the war and the suffering it brought. She lives in Troy, treated with both admiration and suspicion by the Trojans, while longing for her homeland. Despite being the catalyst for the war, Helen is portrayed in some accounts as a victim of fate, manipulated by the gods. This portrayal highlights the theme of divine intervention, as the gods often used mortals for their own purposes, with Helen being no exception.

After the fall of Troy, Helen was returned to Menelaus, who took her back to Sparta. The dynamics of their relationship remained ambiguous, with some versions suggesting that Menelaus forgave her, while others hint at a more complicated and strained reunion. In Euripides' Helen, a different version of the myth is presented in which Helen never went to Troy at all. Instead, a phantom created by the gods was taken there, while the real Helen remained in Egypt, untouched by the war. This version of the story raises questions about the nature of reality and illusion, adding another layer to Helen's myth.

Another myth suggests that Helen was not entirely responsible for her actions, as she was under the influence of the gods. Aphrodite's involvement in promising Helen to Paris is a key element that underscores the theme of divine manipulation. The gods in Greek mythology often intervened in the lives of mortals, and Helen's story is a prime example of how their whims could lead to catastrophic consequences.

Helen of Troy's legacy endures in Western culture as an embodiment of beauty, desire, and the far-reaching consequences of passion. She represents the intertwining of love and conflict, highlighting how individual actions can have monumental impacts on history. Whether viewed as a tragic figure or a femme fatale, Helen remains one of the most fascinating characters of ancient mythology, whose story continues to inspire and intrigue audiences across generations. The myths surrounding Helen—her divine origins, her abduction, her role in the Trojan War, and her ambiguous return to Sparta—continue to captivate and challenge our understanding of fate, free will, and the power of beauty.

The Trojan war is the theme of Calvin Cutter’s next project and features in Lights! Camera! Mayhem! which is this year’s Christmas Day St Mary’s story.

Jodi Taylor Books is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

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In Christmas Pie by Jodi Taylor the team from St Mary’s jump back to Restoration London to discover an authentic recipe for mince pies. In this History Briefing we explore the history of this British Christmas treat and provide a recipe for you to create your own.

Mince pies are a quintessential part of British Christmas traditions, evoking nostalgia and the comforting scents of warm spices, fruit, and buttery pastry. Though today they are filled with sweet dried fruits and spices, their history is much more complex, with origins that reach back to medieval times. The evolution of the mince pie is a fascinating journey through centuries of culinary traditions and cultural influences.

The earliest mince pies date back to the 13th century, when Crusaders returning from the Middle East brought back exotic spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg. These spices were combined with meat, fruit, and suet to create savoury dishes. Originally, mince pies contained actual minced meat, typically lamb or beef, along with dried fruits and the imported spices. The pies were often rectangular in shape, symbolising the manger in the nativity story, and were sometimes called 'shrid pies' or 'crib cakes'. The combination of meat, fruit, and spices was typical of medieval British cuisine, which often blended savoury and sweet flavours.

Mince pies became particularly associated with Christmas during the Tudor period, when they were considered a luxurious and celebratory dish. Wealthy households would serve these pies during festive feasts, often in elaborate shapes. The spices used in the pies symbolised the gifts brought by the Wise Men, which added a religious significance to their place in Christmas festivities. It was believed that eating a mince pie on each of the twelve days of Christmas would bring good luck for the coming year.

During the 17th century, mince pies fell out of favour briefly under Oliver Cromwell, who saw them as a symbol of excess and banned their consumption along with other Christmas celebrations. However, the Restoration of the monarchy brought back festive traditions, including mince pies, which grew even more popular. Over time, the recipes evolved, and by the Victorian era, the meat content was gradually removed, leaving behind a sweet, rich filling of dried fruits, suet, sugar, and spices—more akin to the mince pies we know today.

Modern mince pies are a delightful treat, made with buttery shortcrust pastry and filled with a mixture of dried fruits, apple, suet (or vegetable shortening), sugar, and festive spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves. Often enjoyed with a dollop of cream, brandy butter, or simply on their own, they have become a staple of Christmas celebrations in Britain, enjoyed by families across the country.

Recipe for Traditional British Mince Pies

Ingredients for the Mincemeat Filling:

* 225g (8 oz) raisins

* 225g (8 oz) sultanas

* 225g (8 oz) currants

* 100g (3.5 oz) mixed candied peel

* 1 large apple, peeled, cored, and finely chopped

* 125g (4.5 oz) suet or vegetarian suet

* 200g (7 oz) soft dark brown sugar

* 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon

* 1 teaspoon ground nutmeg

* 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves

* Grated zest and juice of 1 lemon

* Grated zest and juice of 1 orange

* 100ml (3.5 fl oz) brandy or rum

Ingredients for the Pastry:

* 350g (12 oz) plain flour

* 225g (8 oz) cold unsalted butter, diced

* 100g (3.5 oz) icing sugar

* 1 large egg

* 1-2 tablespoons cold water (if needed)

Method:

* Prepare the Mincemeat Filling:

* In a large mixing bowl, combine the raisins, sultanas, currants, candied peel, and chopped apple.

* Add the suet, brown sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves. Mix well.

* Stir in the lemon zest, orange zest, lemon juice, orange juice, and brandy. Mix thoroughly until all ingredients are well combined.

* Cover the bowl and leave the mixture to mature for at least 24 hours before using. Ideally, prepare the mincemeat several weeks in advance to allow the flavours to develop fully.

* Make the Pastry:

* In a large bowl, sift the flour and icing sugar together. Add the cold diced butter.

* Rub the butter into the flour using your fingertips until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs.

* Beat the egg and add it to the mixture, mixing until the dough comes together. Add a little cold water if needed.

* Wrap the dough in cling film and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes.

* Assemble the Mince Pies:

* Preheat the oven to 200°C (180°C fan) / 400°F / Gas mark 6.

* On a lightly floured surface, roll out the chilled pastry to about 3mm thick.

* Use a round cutter to cut out circles of pastry and line a 12-hole tart tin with the pastry circles.

* Fill each pastry case with a heaped teaspoon of mincemeat filling.

* Cut out smaller circles or star shapes from the remaining pastry to top each pie.

* Place the tops on the pies and press the edges lightly to seal. Make a small slit in the top of each pie to allow steam to escape.

* Bake in the preheated oven for 15-20 minutes, or until the pastry is golden brown.

* Remove from the oven and let the mince pies cool slightly before dusting with icing sugar.

Enjoy these delicious traditional mince pies with a cup of tea or a glass of mulled wine for the perfect festive treat!

Enjoy an audio sample from Christmas Pie read by Zara Ramm

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In "And Now For Something Completely Different" by Jodi Taylor the team from St Mary's travel to Mars. In this history briefing, we explore the mystery of lost Martian spacecraft.

Mars, the enigmatic Red Planet, has captivated the imagination of scientists, astronomers, and the public for centuries. As our closest planetary neighbour in the solar system with the highest potential for past or present life beyond Earth, Mars has become the target of numerous space missions since the dawn of space exploration. Yet, despite humanity’s technological advancements, a perplexing pattern has emerged: an unusual number of missions to Mars have ended in failure, with spacecraft mysteriously going silent or disappearing entirely. This curious phenomenon has become widely known as "The Mars Effect". This is not a scientific designation but rather a phrase coined to describe the strange frequency with which space missions to Mars encounter difficulties. It has haunted both robotic explorers and satellites, raising eyebrows and sparking speculation among the scientific community and the general public alike. Historically, Mars missions have suffered a disproportionately high failure rate compared to missions to other celestial bodies, such as the Moon or Venus. The failures have been documented since the early days of Mars exploration, beginning with the USSR’s Marsnik 1 in 1960, which failed to leave Earth’s orbit.

In the decades since, a series of high-profile mishaps have compounded the mystery. NASA’s Mars Observer disappeared without a trace in 1993, just days before it was set to enter Martian orbit. The UK’s Beagle 2 lander was declared lost in 2003 after failing to make contact with Earth. Even sophisticated missions like the European Space Agency’s Schiaparelli lander suffered failures, highlighting the challenges and dangers of interplanetary exploration.

Despite the tantalising suggestion of a “curse,” the reality of The Mars Effect is rooted in the harshness and complexity of space travel. Scientists and engineers have offered several plausible explanations for why so many missions go awry when venturing to Mars.

1. Distance and Communication Challenges

Mars is a considerable distance from Earth, averaging about 225 million kilometres away. This distance creates a significant communication delay, with signals taking between 5 and 20 minutes to travel one way. The vast distance also means that any anomaly or malfunction must often be addressed autonomously by the spacecraft, as real-time human intervention is not feasible. The need for flawless onboard software and automated responses leaves little room for error.

2. Atmospheric and Environmental Hazards

Mars’ thin and unpredictable atmosphere poses a formidable challenge for spacecraft entering its orbit or attempting a landing. Unlike Earth, where the atmosphere provides a relatively smooth deceleration for incoming spacecraft, Mars’ atmosphere is dense enough to cause complications but too thin to effectively slow down an object without additional assistance. Spacecraft need heat shields, parachutes, and retro-rockets in perfect synchrony to land safely. A slight miscalculation can result in catastrophe, as was the case with the Schiaparelli lander, which misjudged its altitude and crashed.

Furthermore, Mars’ surface and weather conditions are extremely harsh. Dust storms, which can cover the entire planet for weeks, are notorious for damaging equipment and blocking solar panels. The Martian dust, composed of fine, abrasive particles, can also degrade mechanical components over time.

3. Human Error and Engineering Limitations

Despite humanity’s best efforts, human error has been a recurring culprit in Mars mission failures. One infamous example is the Mars Climate Orbiter, which was lost in 1999 because of a simple but critical mistake: engineers at Lockheed Martin used imperial units, while NASA’s team used metric units. The discrepancy led to a navigation error, causing the spacecraft to disintegrate in Mars’ atmosphere. Such mishaps underline the complexity of designing and operating interplanetary missions, where even minor oversights can have devastating consequences.

While The Mars Effect has been a persistent theme in space exploration, advancements in technology have begun to turn the tide. More recent missions, such as NASA’s Perseverance rover and the UAE’s Hope Probe, have successfully reached Mars, collecting valuable data and demonstrating that lessons have been learned from past failures. Sophisticated onboard systems, improved communication protocols, and more rigorous testing procedures have contributed to higher success rates in recent years.

Moreover, international collaboration has brought new expertise and resources to the table. As more nations invest in space exploration, the knowledge base for tackling the Red Planet’s challenges has expanded, increasing the likelihood of future successes.

Despite the obstacles, Mars remains a tantalising target. The potential discovery of life, either past or present, drives scientists to overcome the many challenges. Future missions are set to be even more ambitious, with plans for sample return missions and, eventually, human exploration. Each mission will carry the weight of those that came before, equipped with the latest technologies and lessons from the past.

In the end, The Mars Effect serves as a reminder of the unforgiving nature of space exploration. Mars is an alluring but unforgiving frontier, and its mastery will not come easily. Until then, every spacecraft that embarks on the perilous journey to Mars carries with it humanity's hopes and dreams, along with the sobering knowledge that the Red Planet does not surrender its secrets lightly.

Discover how the team from St Mary’s fared on Mars in And Now For Something Completly Different.

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In When a Child is Born by Jodi Taylor, Max and the team from St Mary’s travel back to 1066 to witness the disruption of William the Conquerer's coronation. In this History Briefing, we explore the political circumstances that caused this.

The coronation of William the Conqueror on Christmas Day in 1066 was a moment of historic significance, marking the establishment of Norman rule in England. However, this grand event, held in Westminster Abbey, was overshadowed by confusion and panic, highlighting the tensions of a kingdom undergoing profound change. The disruption, sparked by a misunderstanding, serves as a reminder of the fragile state of Anglo-Norman relations in the immediate aftermath of the Norman Conquest.

William’s coronation was intended to demonstrate power, unity, and legitimacy. Following his decisive victory at the Battle of Hastings in October 1066 and subsequent consolidation of power, William sought to formalise his rule in the same location where Edward the Confessor had been buried and Harold Godwinson crowned earlier that year. Westminster Abbey, with its association with Anglo-Saxon kingship, provided an ideal setting to reinforce William’s claim to the English throne and signal continuity with the traditions of the land he now controlled.

The coronation ceremony adhered to Christian rites, presided over by Aldred, Archbishop of York, in the absence of Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, who was viewed as illegitimate by the papacy. During the ceremony, William was anointed with holy oil, swore to uphold justice, protect the Church, and govern fairly, and was crowned King of England in front of both Norman and Anglo-Saxon nobles.

As was customary, those present were called upon to voice their acclamation of the new king. This vocal declaration of support was a key element of the ceremony, affirming William’s authority in the eyes of both his supporters and his new subjects.

The acclamation, however, became the catalyst for chaos. When the gathered nobles and clergy shouted their approval of William, the Norman soldiers stationed outside the abbey misinterpreted the loud and unfamiliar cheering as the beginning of a rebellion. Already on edge due to the hostile atmosphere of a recently conquered kingdom, the soldiers reacted swiftly and violently.

Fearing an uprising, the Normans began setting fire to houses in the vicinity of Westminster Abbey, an act intended to suppress any perceived rebellion and intimidate the local population. The fires spread quickly, throwing the streets into turmoil. As smoke and panic rose outside, the commotion disrupted the proceedings within the abbey.

The confusion outside the abbey permeated the atmosphere inside. Accounts suggest that the disruption left many attendees alarmed, and the ceremony continued amidst an uneasy tension. William himself is said to have been visibly shaken, a stark contrast to the image of unshakable authority he sought to project. Nonetheless, the coronation was completed, and William was officially crowned King of England, though the chaos underscored the volatile and precarious nature of his rule at its outset.

The disruption of William’s coronation reflects the broader tensions between the Normans and the Anglo-Saxon population. The Normans, as occupiers in a newly conquered land, were acutely aware of their vulnerable position. The Anglo-Saxon populace, many of whom viewed William as a foreign usurper, harboured resentment and suspicion toward their new ruler and his supporters.

The misunderstanding also highlights the cultural and linguistic divides between the Normans and the English. The shouting of acclamations, a familiar and traditional part of English coronations, was perceived by the Normans as a hostile act, a misunderstanding that emphasised the challenges William would face in uniting a deeply divided kingdom.

The chaos of William’s coronation did little to dampen his long-term success as king, but it set the tone for the early years of his reign. In the decade following his coronation, William faced numerous uprisings and rebellions, necessitating a combination of military suppression, strategic alliances, and the imposition of Norman culture and governance to consolidate his power.

The disruption also became emblematic of the Norman Conquest’s immediate impact on England: a period of turmoil, cultural clashes, and resistance. Over time, however, the Norman influence would profoundly shape English society, language, and governance, leaving a lasting legacy.

The disruption of William the Conqueror’s coronation on Christmas Day in 1066 offers a glimpse into the volatile environment of post-conquest England. While the ceremony symbolised William’s ascendancy, the chaos surrounding it underscored the challenges he faced in securing his rule. Despite the momentary disorder, William’s coronation marked the beginning of a new chapter in English history, one that would transform the nation in ways still felt today. Discover how Max and the team from St Mary’s fared in London on Christmas Day 1066 by reading “When a Child is Born.”

A Chronicles of St Mary's short story that is sure to entertain. If you love Jasper Fforde or Ben Aaronovitch, you won't be able to resist Jodi Taylor.It's Christmas Day 1066 and a team from St Mary's is going to witness the coronation of William the Conqueror. Or so they think...However, History seems to have different plans for them and when Max finds herself delivering a child in a peasant's hut, she can't help wondering what History is up to.

Jodi Taylor Books is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

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Ah, Christmas in Britain! The time of year when the air is filled with the smell of mince pies, the sound of Slade blaring from every shop, and the sight of jumpers that are equal parts festive and ridiculous. Whether you're a fan of the season or just in it for the food, there's something undeniably special about the way Brits celebrate Christmas. Here are some quintessentially British traditions and festive foods that make the season merry and bright.

For Brits, Christmas doesn’t just happen on 25th December—it’s a whole season. It kicks off with Advent calendars, a daily countdown involving little doors that reveal chocolates, pictures, or even tiny bottles of whisky or gin if you’re fancy. Then there’s the office Christmas party, which typically features questionable dancing, awkward Secret Santa gifts, and someone inevitably photocopying parts of their anatomy.

By mid-December, homes are decked out with Christmas trees, fairy lights, and tinsel galore. And don’t forget the Christmas cards—a tradition so ingrained that the Royal Mail has to hire extra staff to handle the deluge.

Christmas Eve in Britain is often a quiet affair compared to other countries. Families might go to a carol service at the local church or snuggle up for a festive film like The Snowman or Love Actually. Children hang their stockings by the fireplace (or at the end of the bed if you’re short on chimneys) and leave a mince pie and a glass of something strong for Father Christmas, plus a carrot for Rudolph.

The morning of 25th December starts early, especially if there are children in the house. Stockings are opened with gusto, revealing satsumas, chocolate coins, colouring books and small toys. Optimistic parents hope these will entertain the kids so they can get another hour or two of sleep but it never works.

The highlight of a British Christmas is undoubtedly the dinner. The centrepiece is usually roast turkey, although some families opt for goose, beef, or possibly a nut roast for a vegetarian twist. It’s served with all the trimmings, which include:

* Roast potatoes: which must be crispy on the outside and fluffy on the inside.

* Stuffing: Usually chestnut, though there are plenty of other variations.

* Brussels sprouts: Steamed, roasted, or cleverly disguised with bacon to make them edible.

* Pigs in blankets: Little sausages wrapped in bacon—arguably the best part of the meal.

* Cranberry sauce and bread sauce: Sweet and savoury accompaniments that complete the feast.

* Gravy: a rich thick gravy made with the meat juices and stock made from the turkey heart, liver and neck. The butcher puts these in a plastic bag inside the turkey, something that has tripped up many newbie cooks who later find the melted plastic when serving their bird.

No British Christmas dinner is complete without crackers—those festive tubes you pull apart to reveal a paper hat, a terrible joke, and a tiny toy or trinket. Wearing the hat is obligatory, no matter how ridiculous you look. And the jokes? The groanier, the better. Here’s a classic:What do you get if you cross a snowman with a vampire? Frostbite.

After dinner, there’s the Christmas pudding, a dense, fruity concoction soaked in brandy and set alight for dramatic effect. For those not keen on pudding, there’s often a trifle, mince pies, or a tin of Quality Street to fight over - who took all the green triangle ones?

At 3 pm, many households tune in to watch the King’s Christmas broadcast—a tradition started by George V in 1932. It’s a time to reflect on the year gone by, although for some, it’s the perfect excuse to have a nap.

The fun doesn’t stop on Christmas Day. Boxing Day, 26th December, is a more relaxed affair. It’s the day for leftovers, whether it’s turkey sandwiches or bubble and squeak made from all those leftover veg. Some brave souls head out for the Boxing Day sales, while others lounge on the sofa with turkey sandwiches, watching the football or a festive film.

What makes a British Christmas so special is its blend of tradition, indulgence, and just a hint of chaos. It’s about gathering with loved ones, sharing laughs over bad cracker jokes, and eating far too much turkey. Whether you’re devouring a mince pie by the fire or arguing over who gets the last Quality Street, there’s no place like Britain at Christmas.

So, pop the kettle on, slice up some Christmas cake, and enjoy the season—because as every Brit knows, it’s the little traditions that make Christmas magical. Cheers!

For Jodi Taylor fans there is also the joy of the Christmas Day short story. Here’s a list of each story for you to enjoy in chronological order.

When a Child is Born

Christmas Present

Ships, Stings and Wedding Rings

My Name is Markham

Christmas Past

And Now for Something Completely Different

Why is Nothing Ever Simple

The Ordeal of the Haunted Room

The Toast of Time

Christmas Pie

Lights, Camera, Mayhem!

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Battersea Power Station, an enduring symbol of London's industrial heritage, has captivated imaginations for decades with its imposing Art Deco architecture and storied history. In recent years, it has found new fame as the fictional headquarters of the Time Police in Jodi Taylor's bestselling Time Police series. This fusion of real-world history and speculative fiction breathes fresh life into a building that has become an icon of reinvention.

Battersea Power Station is one of the most recognisable landmarks on the London skyline. Located on the south bank of the River Thames, this vast brick structure with its four towering chimneys is a masterpiece of 20th-century industrial design. Constructed in two phases between 1929 and 1955, it was the largest power station in Britain, designed by the renowned architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, also famed for creating the red telephone box.

Initially known as Battersea A and Battersea B (the two halves of the power station), it generated electricity for London for decades, contributing to the capital’s growth and modernisation. The station’s distinctive Art Deco interiors and pioneering engineering made it a symbol of British ingenuity, and it even featured in pop culture, most famously on the cover of Pink Floyd's Animals album in 1977.

Despite its success, by the late 20th century, Battersea Power Station had fallen into disuse. The station ceased operations in 1983, and its future remained uncertain for decades. Numerous redevelopment plans were proposed and abandoned, but in recent years, the power station has undergone a remarkable transformation into a mixed-use complex of luxury apartments, office spaces, and retail outlets. Today, it stands as a testament to London’s ability to adapt and repurpose its historic architecture.

In Jodi Taylor’s Time Police series, Battersea Power Station is reimagined as the imposing headquarters of the Time Police, an organisation tasked with maintaining the integrity of the timeline. The Time Police are charged with preventing unauthorised time travel and safeguarding history from interference, often through dramatic and highly unconventional methods.

Jodi’s decision to place the headquarters within Battersea Power Station is a stroke of creative brilliance. The building’s size, history, and architectural drama make it a perfect fit for the Time Police’s bureaucratic and high-stakes operations. In the series, the power station is described as an imposing structure, its cavernous spaces and industrial aesthetic transformed to house advanced technology, meeting rooms, and detention facilities—all necessary for an organisation dealing with the complexities of time travel.

Jodi Taylor often uses the setting to reflect the tension between the rigid, rule-bound nature of the Time Police and the chaos that arises from their work. The iconic chimneys and stark interior spaces provide a striking backdrop for the antics of Team 236, the series’ lovable misfit protagonists, as they tackle everything from rogue time travellers to internal conspiracies.

By incorporating Battersea Power Station into the Time Police series, Taylor weaves a thread between the building’s real-world legacy and its fictional potential. In reality, the power station stands as a monument to British innovation, while in the books, it symbolises the immense power and danger of manipulating history. This dual legacy enhances the building’s cultural significance, allowing readers to appreciate it both as a historical landmark and as a character in its own right within Taylor’s imaginative universe.

The choice of Battersea Power Station as the Time Police’s headquarters is more than just a nod to its architectural grandeur. It also reflects the themes central to Jodi’s storytelling: the blending of the old with the new, the tension between order and chaos, and the significance of history in shaping the present and future. Battersea’s industrial past mirrors the Time Police’s utilitarian mission, while its reinvention mirrors the series’ overarching message that nothing—not even time—is ever truly static.

In both history and fiction, Battersea Power Station stands as a symbol of transformation, resilience, and the endless possibilities of reinvention—a fitting headquarters for those tasked with safeguarding the very fabric of time itself.

Discover the Time Police Books by Jodi Taylor - CLICK HERE

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It all begins when the Time Police hold their first Children's Christmas Party. Their most dangerous mission yet . . .No good deed ever goes unpunished. Lt Grint succumbs to his softer side and soon lives to regret it. The combination of bubble universes, candy floss, a small boy, a toad named Mr Fluffy, Mount Fanboten, £6.5 million, and a love-struck Officer Lockland are all hard enough to believe, but imagine a situation so dire that only Officer Parrish can save the aforementioned Grint from a lengthy stay in prison. At least, he can - but will he?And, most unlikely of all, has Commander Hay's long-suffering adjutant finally experienced the first faint stirrings of romance? Is such a thing even possible?

Jodi Taylor Books is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

Hello, everybody.

I'd like to wish you all a very, very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.

I've been allowed to stop writing long enough to don my Christmas jumper,

the last word in restrained good taste.

I think everyone will agree.

I'd like to thank you all for

the love and good wishes that you've sent me all this year.

It's been greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much.

I hope you're all reading Lights, Camera, Mayhem and thoroughly enjoying it.

And I am now about to partake of the Christmas celebrations.

So happy Christmas, everybody, and a peaceful and prosperous new year.

Cheers.

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The reign of Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled Egypt during the 18th Dynasty from around 1479 to 1458 BC, is one of the most fascinating periods in ancient Egyptian history. Known for her ambitious building projects and trade expeditions, Hatshepsut’s time on the throne was marked by a remarkable expansion in the arts and industry. One of her reign’s most significant technological advancements was in the field of boat-building. This was crucial not only for military and transport purposes but also for the famous expedition to Punt, which Hatshepsut ordered in her 9th regnal year.

Boats had always played an essential role in Egyptian life. The Nile River, the lifeblood of the civilization, facilitated the transport of goods, people, and military forces across Egypt’s vast landscapes. From early antiquity, boats were used for everything from agriculture to war. By the time of Hatshepsut’s reign, boat-building had evolved into a sophisticated and highly specialised craft.

The ancient Egyptians were masters of constructing boats that were not only functional but also enduring. Wood, especially from sycamore, was the primary material used in their construction. The development of various vessel types, such as reed boats, flat-bottomed boats for river transport, and larger seafaring ships, exemplify their ingenuity.

One of the most famous aspects of Hatshepsut’s reign is her expedition to the land of Punt, a distant region believed to be located somewhere along the coast of the Red Sea, possibly in modern-day Somalia or Eritrea. This expedition, documented in vivid detail on the walls of her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, was not only a symbol of her success as a ruler but also highlighted the advanced state of Egyptian shipbuilding during her time.

The boats for the Punt expedition were monumental. They were large, sea-going vessels capable of making the long, perilous journey across the Red Sea. The ships were described as being “great ships” with a structure that allowed them to carry large amounts of cargo, including exotic goods like myrrh, incense, gold, and ivory, back to Egypt.

Archaeological evidence, such as the detailed reliefs on the temple walls, shows that these boats were outfitted with masts and sails, indicating that Egyptian shipbuilding had progressed from simply using oars to incorporating wind power for longer voyages. The boats were also equipped with large decks, which allowed for the storage of both the precious cargo and the crew.

Under Hatshepsut, boat construction underwent significant refinement. Egyptian shipbuilders during this period mastered techniques such as plank-on-frame construction, which enabled the creation of larger and more durable vessels. The boats for the Punt expedition, in particular, reflect the high level of skill required to craft such a sophisticated and long-distance vessel. The use of pitch to seal the wood and prevent leaks, along with the careful fitting of wooden planks, ensured the vessels could withstand the harsh conditions of the sea.

Additionally, the use of both sails and oars in these boats represents a blending of technological advancements. The sails allowed for the boats to travel with the wind, while the oars provided the necessary propulsion when wind conditions were not favourable. This combination of power sources allowed Egyptian ships to be more versatile and reliable for long voyages, such as the journey to Punt.

Hatshepsut’s contributions to boat-building did not only impact her own reign but on later Egyptian maritime capabilities. The success of the Punt expedition cemented her reputation as a ruler who could expand Egypt’s reach beyond its borders, both economically and politically. The ships used in her reign continued to serve as models for future generations of shipbuilders in Egypt.

The legacy of Hatshepsut’s boat building is also evident in the way her expedition to Punt was celebrated in art and literature. The detailed reliefs found at Deir el-Bahari, depicting the ships being built, loaded, and set sail, stand as a testament to the technical prowess of her era. These depictions not only showcase the boats themselves but also give us a glimpse into the advanced craftsmanship and engineering skills of the time.

Discover how Max and the team from The St Mary’s Institute for Historical Research fared in ancient Egypt in Ships, Stings and Wedding Rings by Jodi Taylor.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing - please CLICK HERE to read more background history from The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

Jodi Taylor Books is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

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Harold Godwinson (c. 1022 – 14 October 1066), often known as Harold II, was England's last crowned Anglo-Saxon king. His reign, though short-lived, marked a pivotal moment in English history, culminating in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, which saw the end of Anglo-Saxon rule and the beginning of Norman dominance. Both political intrigue and military ambition shaped Harold’s life and reign, and his death on the battlefield left a lasting legacy that continues to influence British history.

Harold Godwinson was born around 1022, the son of Godwin, the Earl of Wessex, and Gytha, the daughter of a powerful Danish noble. His family was of high Anglo-Saxon and Viking descent and wielded significant influence in England, particularly in the kingdom of Wessex. The Godwin family played a crucial role in the politics of the time, and Harold’s rise to power was inextricably linked to the successes of his father, Godwin, one of the most powerful earls in England during the reign of King Edward the Confessor.

Harold’s early career was marked by his military prowess and diplomatic skill. He became Earl of Wessex following his father's exile. Harold was a key figure in defending England against external threats, including Viking raids, and he gained a reputation as a skilled military leader.

In 1064, Harold was reportedly shipwrecked at Ponthieu. The reasons for his voyage have always been unclear. Later Norman chroniclers, possibly seeking to place William firmly in the right, suggest Harold was seeking the release of family members who had been held hostage since Godwin’s exile in 1051. Yet another theory posits that Harold was travelling along the English coast on a hunting and fishing trip and was unexpectedly blown across the English Channel by a storm. It is generally agreed that he set off from Bosham, was blown off course and was captured by Count Guy I of Ponthieu and taken as a hostage to the count's castle at Beaurain. William arrived soon after and, as his overlord, ordered Guy to hand Harold over to him.

Harold was treated with great honour and said to have accompanied William to fight against his rival, Conan II, Duke of Brittany. While crossing into Brittany near the fortified abbey of Mont Saint-Michel, Harold is recorded as rescuing two of William’s soldiers from quicksand. They pursued Conan from Dol-de-Bretagne to Rennes, and finally to Dinan, where Conan surrendered the fortress's keys under threat of a lance. William then presented Harold with weapons and arms, knighting him.

It was during his time in Normandy that Harold Godwinson allegedly took a solemn oath to William, upholding William’s claim to the throne of England. The oath was sworn over holy relics. However, after the ceremony it was revealed that the bones were those of a saint which was a far more serious affair and begs an interesting question – was William guilty of deliberately misleading Harold? Or was Harold guilty of blasphemy in that he had sworn the oath only to obtain his freedom and never had any intention of keeping his word.

This lack of clarity as to whom, exactly, Edward the Confessor had promised the crown led to confusion and conflict. The Normans firmly believed Edward had promised the kingdom to William, which, given his close ties with Normandy was perfectly possible. Harold Godwinson claimed Edward had named him as his heir as he lay dying. Also in the running was the King of Normandy, Harald Hardrada.

Upon Edward the Confessor’s death in January 1066, Harold’s claim was upheld by the Witan and he was swiftly crowned King of England on 6th January 1066, just a day after Edward's passing.

Harold’s first challenge came from the north. Harald Hardrada, with the support of Tostig Godwinson (Harold’s estranged brother), invaded England in September 1066. The two armies met at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, where Harold Godwinson’s forces inflicted a decisive defeat on the Norwegians. Hardrada was killed in battle, and Tostig was also slain, marking a dramatic end to the Norwegian threat. However, this victory left Harold’s army exhausted and depleted.

Just days after the victory at Stamford Bridge, Harold faced a new and more formidable threat: William of Normandy, who landed on England's south coast at Pevensey on 28th September 1066. William’s claim to the throne was backed by a papal banner, giving him significant religious legitimacy and support. The two armies met at the Battle of Hastings on 14th October 1066, a day that would change the course of English history.

The Battle of Hastings was fiercely contested, but William’s better-equipped and more disciplined army ultimately overwhelmed Harold's forces. Harold is famously said to have died during the battle, struck in the eye by an arrow, though the exact circumstances of his death remain a subject of historical debate. Some accounts suggest that he was killed in hand-to-hand combat, while others believe that he was struck down while defending his troops.

The death of Harold Godwinson at Hastings marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in England. William the Conqueror was crowned King of England on 25th December 1066, beginning a new era of Norman rule that would fundamentally alter the social, political, and cultural landscape of the country. The Norman Conquest led to widespread land redistribution, with the Anglo-Saxon nobility displaced and replaced by Norman lords. The English language and legal system also underwent significant changes as Norman French became the language of the court and administration.

Despite his defeat, Harold Godwinson is remembered as a symbol of Anglo-Saxon resistance and nationalism. There is considerable speculation regarding his burial site, but a strong connection to Bosham, his birthplace, and the discovery of an Anglo-Saxon coffin in the church there in 1954 have led some to propose it as the location of King Harold's final resting place. It is also consistent with William of Poitiers' description that he was buried by the sea as it is only a small distance from Chichester Harbour and in sight of the English Channel.

Discover how Max and the team fared when they jump back to Beaurain Castle, in Normandy in 1064 to record the meeting between Harold Godwinsson and William of Normandy.

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing - please CLICK HERE to read more background history from The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

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AI-generated audio has been added for accessibility.

The Battle of Bannockburn, fought on 23rd and 24th June 1314, was a defining moment in Scottish history, securing Scotland’s independence from English rule. This battle, led by King Robert the Bruce against the forces of King Edward II of England, was one of the most significant victories in Scotland’s struggle for independence during the First War of Scottish Independence (1296–1328). It not only cemented Bruce’s authority as King of Scots but also weakened English dominance in the region.

The battle took place in the context of a long and bitter conflict between Scotland and England. In 1296, King Edward I of England – known as the Hammer of the Scots – invaded Scotland, seeking to bring it under English rule. This led to years of resistance, with figures such as William Wallace and later Robert the Bruce leading the fight for Scotland’s independence.

By 1314, Bruce had gained control over much of Scotland, but the castle of Stirling, a key strategic fortress, remained in English hands. The governor of Stirling Castle, Philip Mowbray, had agreed to surrender if an English relief force did not arrive by 24th June 1314. In response, King Edward II gathered a massive army, estimated to be around 15,000–20,000 soldiers, including heavy cavalry, longbowmen, and infantry, and marched north to relieve the castle. Robert the Bruce, with a much smaller force of 6,000–8,000 men, prepared to confront the English at Bannockburn, near Stirling.

The Battle: 23rd–24th June 1314

Day One: 23rd June 1314

As the English army approached, they encountered the Scots positioned in a marshy area with dense woodland, which restricted movement, particularly for cavalry. Bruce, a skilled tactician, had prepared the battlefield by using the natural landscape to his advantage.

One of the most famous moments of the battle occurred on the first day when Robert the Bruce faced the English knight Sir Henry de Bohun in single combat. Bohun, spotting Bruce on a small horse, charged at him with a lance. At the last moment, Bruce sidestepped and struck Bohun with his axe, killing him instantly. This act greatly boosted Scottish morale.

The English vanguard attempted to advance but was forced back by Scottish spearmen, organised into schiltrons—tight defensive formations of men with long spears. These tactics had been effectively used in previous battles against English cavalry, and once again, they proved successful.

The first day ended with the Scots holding their ground and the English forces in disarray.

Day Two: 24th June 1314

Edward II ordered a full-scale attack the next morning, expecting to break through Scottish lines. However, Bruce’s forces were well-prepared.

The Scots, positioned in narrow terrain between Bannock Burn (a small stream) and the New Park (a wooded area), forced the English into tight formations, limiting their mobility. The English longbowmen, a key asset in previous battles, were unable to operate effectively due to the confined space and were eventually driven off by Scottish cavalry.

As the battle intensified, the English knights and infantry became trapped in the marshy ground, struggling against the unyielding Scottish schiltrons. Panic spread through the English ranks, and their retreat turned into a disastrous rout. King Edward II barely escaped, fleeing with a small group of knights, while thousands of English soldiers were killed or captured. It’s thought that barely 3000 English soldiers made it back to English soil.

The victory at Bannockburn paved the way for the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton (1328), in which England formally recognised Scotland’s independence and Bruce’s kingship. The battle also became a powerful symbol of Scottish resistance and national identity, remembered for centuries in Scottish history and culture.

The Battle of Bannockburn remains one of the most celebrated battles in Scottish history. It has been immortalised in literature, poetry, and national commemorations, including the famous poem "Scots Wha Hae" by Robert Burns.

Today, the site of the battle is home to the Bannockburn Heritage Centre, where visitors can learn about this pivotal moment in history through interactive exhibits and battlefield reconstructions.

Discover how the team from St Mary’s fared at the Battle of Bannockburn in Why Is Nothing Ever Simple? by Jodi Taylor

We hope you have enjoyed this History Briefing - please CLICK HERE to read more background history from The Chronicles of St Mary’s series by Jodi Taylor.

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Imagine if you could travel back to the Cretaceous period to investigate dinosaurs like the Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor and Triceratops. That's exactly what historian Dr Madeleine Maxwell did. Find out how she fared in Just One Damned Thing After Another by Jodi Taylor. Available in paperback, ebook and audiobook.

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