PsyberSpace: Understand Your World (Leslie Poston)

The Psychology of Changing Minds: Unpacking Cognitive Barriers and Strategies

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs deep into the complex psychology behind changing minds in a divided society. The episode, which runs longer than usual at 60 minutes, explores how cognitive dissonance, confirmation bias, and identity protection influence our resistance to belief revision. Leslie discusses the neurological discomfort of encountering contradictory information, the role of group identity in maintaining beliefs, and the dangers and mechanisms of cult indoctrination and propaganda. The episode also highlights the importance of curiosity, critical education, and strategic patience in facilitating meaningful belief change. Ultimately, Leslie emphasizes the need for ethical persuasion respecting human dignity and agency while navigating our increasingly polarized world.

00:00 Introduction to Changing Minds
00:59 The Psychology Behind Cognitive Dissonance
01:56 Confirmation Bias and Belief Perseverance
03:56 Neuroplasticity and Gradual Belief Shifts
05:43 The Dark Side: Cults and Extremist Groups
11:32 Political Beliefs and Identity Fusion
18:07 The Role of Education in Belief Change
32:25 Curiosity as a Catalyst for Change
40:31 Propaganda and Psychological Manipulation
49:28 When Persuasion Fails: Understanding Limits
58:14 Conclusion: Navigating the Complexity of Belief Change

References

Aronson, E. (1992). The return of the repressed: Dissonance theory makes a comeback. Psychological Inquiry, 3(4), 303–311.

Burke, B. L., Martens, A., & Faucher, E. H. (2010). Two decades of terror management theory: A meta-analysis of mortality salience research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(2), 155–195.

Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one's political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 39589.

Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480–498.

Luo, Y., & Zhao, J. (2021). Motivated attention in climate change perception and action. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 645163.

Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303–330.

Lifton, R. J. (2019). Losing reality: On cults, cultism, and the mindset of political and religious zealotry. The New Press.

Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J. B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33.

Simmonds-Moore, C. A., Alvarado, C. S., & Zingrone, N. L. (2019). A survey exploring synesthetic experiences: Exceptional experiences, schizotypy, and psychological well-being. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(1), 99–121.

Taylor, K. (2004). Brainwashing: The science of thought control. Oxford University Press.

Tourish, D. (2013). The dark side of transformational leadership: A critical perspective. Routledge.

Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132.

Frimer, J. A., Skitka, L. J., & Motyl, M. (2017). Liberals and conservatives are similarly motivated to avoid exposure to one another's opinions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 72, 1–12.

Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Pantheon Books.

Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339–375.

Kahan, D. M. (2017). Misconceptions, misinformation, and the logic of identity-protective cognition. Cultural Cognition Project Working Paper Series No. 164.

Lelkes, Y., Sood, G., & Iyengar, S. (2017). The hostile audience: The effect of access to broadband internet on partisan affect. American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), 5–20.

Tetlock, P. E., Mellers, B. A., & Scoblic, J. P. (2017). Sacred versus pseudo-sacred values: How people cope with taboo trade-offs. American Economic Review, 107(5), 96–99.

Arum, R., & Roksa, J. (2011). Academically adrift: Limited learning on college campuses. University of Chicago Press.

Bloom, P. (2016). Against empathy: The case for rational compassion. Ecco.

Brookfield, S. D. (2012). Teaching for critical thinking: Tools and techniques to help students question their assumptions. Jossey-Bass.

Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.

Nussbaum, M. C. (2010). Not for profit: Why democracy needs the humanities. Princeton University Press.

Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2008). On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(4), 672–695.

Aquino, K., & Reed, A. (2002). The self-importance of moral identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1423–1440.

Cohen, G. L. (2003). Party over policy: The dominating impact of group influence on political beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), 808–822.

Finkel, E. J., Bail, C. A., Cikara, M., Ditto, P. H., Iyengar, S., Klar, S., Mason, L., McGrath, M. C., Nyhan, B., Rand, D. G., Skitka, L. J., Tucker, J. A., Van Bavel, J. J., Wang, C. S., & Druckman, J. N. (2020). Political sectarianism in America. Science, 370(6516), 533–536.

Hogg, M. A. (2007). Uncertainty–identity theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 69–126.

Swann, W. B., Jr., Gómez, Á., Seyle, D. C., Morales, J. F., & Huici, C. (2009). Identity fusion: The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 995–1011.

Gruber, M. J., Gelman, B. D., & Ranganath, C. (2014). States of curiosity modulate hippocampus-dependent learning via the dopaminergic circuit. Neuron, 84(2), 486–496.

Kashdan, T. B., & Silvia, P. J. (2009). Curiosity and interest: The benefits of thriving on novelty and challenge. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., pp. 367–374). Oxford University Press.

Kidd, C., & Hayden, B. Y. (2015). The psychology and neuroscience of curiosity. Neuron, 88(3), 449–460.

Litman, J. A. (2008). Interest and deprivation factors of epistemic curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1585–1595.

Marvin, C. B., & Shohamy, D. (2016). Curiosity and reward: Valence predicts choice and information prediction errors enhance learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(3), 266–272.

Schulz, K. (2011). Being wrong: Adventures in the margin of error. Ecco.

Bakir, V., Herring, E., Miller, D., & Robinson, P. (2019). Organized persuasive communication: A new conceptual framework for research on public relations, propaganda and promotional culture. Critical Sociology, 45(3), 311–328.

Brady, W. J., Wills, J. A., Jost, J. T., Tucker, J. A., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2017). Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(28), 7313–7318.

Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2017). Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their influence. PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0175799.

Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T. (1977). Frequency and the conference of referential validity. J...

Understanding Psychological Reactions to High-Profile Violence

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the complex psychological reactions to high-profile acts of violence, using a recent incident involving the death of a healthcare CEO as a case study. The discussion delves into the psychological phenomena of priming, scapegoating, and how media framing affects public sentiment. The episode also examines the collective responses to systemic healthcare failures and the role of digital communication in amplifying emotional reactions. Leslie highlights the importance of understanding these psychological currents to foster a more empathetic and proactive society.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
00:24 Exploring Psychological Reactions to Violence
01:08 Priming and Initial Reactions
03:36 Scapegoating and Blame
10:21 The Role of Media in Shaping Perceptions
13:38 Systemic Healthcare Failures and Psychological Impact
16:26 Leadership and Crisis Response
19:05 Collective Identity and Solidarity
22:03 Systemic Review and Institutional Change
24:36 Pathways to Meaningful Change
26:18 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Research:

Aquino, K., et al. (2021). Vigilantism, Violence, and the Defense of Social Order. Academy of Management Proceedings.

Asif, M. (2022). Police legitimacy and approval of vigilante violence: The significance of anger. Theoretical Criminology.

Asif, M., & Weenink, D. (2019). Vigilante rituals theory: A cultural explanation of vigilante violence. European Journal of Criminology.

Bandura, A. (2002). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education.

Bandura, A., et al. (1996). Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Bateson, R. (2020). The Politics of Vigilantism. Comparative Politics.

Bruinsma, G., et al. (2003). Public support for Vigilantism.

Chen, F. X., et al. (2022). The vigilante identity and organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.

Chen, F. X., et al. (2022). Suffering saviors: Relationships between perceptions of interpersonal victimhood, the vigilante identity, and the monitoring and punishment of norm violators. Personality and Individual Differences.

Cikara, M. (2015). Intergroup Schadenfreude: motivating participation in collective violence. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.

Cohen, D., et al. (2022). Collective Vigilantism in Global Comparative Perspective. Comparative Politics.

Collins, R. (2009). Micro and Macro Causes of Violence. International Journal of Conflict and Violence

Eidelson, R. J., & Eidelson, J. I. (2003). Dangerous ideas. Five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict. American Psychologist.

Eisenberg, N., et al. (2010). Empathy-related Responding: Associations with Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, and Intergroup Relations. Social Issues and Policy Review.

Goldstein, D. (2003). "In our own hands": Lynching, justice, and the law in Bolivia.

Haas, N. E., et al. (2014). Public support for vigilantism, confidence in police and police responsiveness.

Kasra, M. (2017). Vigilantism, public shaming, and social media hegemony: The role of digital-networked images in humiliation and sociopolitical control.

Kelman, H. G. (1973). Violence without Moral Restraint: Reflections on the Dehumanization of Victims and Victimizers.

Kernberg, O. (2003). Sanctioned social violence: A psychoanalytic view - Part I. The International Journal of Psycho-analysis.

Kil, S. H., et al. (2009). Securing borders: patriotism, vigilantism and the brutalization of the US American public.

Locke, R. (2022). Heroes or Villains? Dianoia: The Undergraduate Philosophy Journal of Boston College.

MacNair, R. (2015). Theories Underlying Research in Peace Psychology.

McCreery, G. (2014). The Efficacy of Scapegoating and Revolutionary Violence. Philosophy Culture and Traditions.

McDermott, C. M., et al. (2016). Individual differences impact support for vigilante justice.

Nagengast, C. (1994). Violence, Terror, and The Crisis of The State.

Neapolitan, J. (1987). Vigilante Behavior and Attribution Bias.

Nivette, A. E. (2016). Institutional ineffectiveness, illegitimacy, and public support for vigilantism in Latin America.

Rice, C. (2015). A Group Therapist Reflects on Violence in America. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy.

Scott, et al. (2021). 

Soares, M., et al. (2018). Police Officers' Perspectives on State (Police) Violence: A Sociomoral and Psychological-Driven Study on Disengagement.

Tedeschi, J., et al. (1994). Violence, aggression & coercive actions.

Thomas, N. K. (2015). There's Always a Villain to Punish: Group Processes Contributing to Violence and Its Remediation. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy.

Trepte, S., et al. (2017). Social Identity Theory and Self‐Categorization Theory.

White, A., et al. (2009). Justice by Any Means Necessary: Vigilantism among Indian Women.

Zaki, J. (2020). Catastrophe Compassion: Understanding and Extending Prosociality Under Crisis. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

Zmigrod, L., et al. (2020). Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action.

Zmigrod, L., et al. (2021). Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions. Current Directions in Psychological Science.

Understanding Cognitive Dissonance: Insights and Implications

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the concept of cognitive dissonance, a psychological phenomenon causing discomfort when holding conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes. The episode examines its origins, impact on personal decision-making, social interactions, health, environmental actions, politics, relationships, workplace dynamics, consumer behavior, and education. Featuring studies by psychologists like Leon Festinger, Dr. Joel Cooper, Dr. Linda Bacon, and Dr. Robert Cialdini, the discussion highlights ways to address cognitive dissonance by aligning behaviors with beliefs, fostering inclusive understandings of health, promoting environmentally friendly choices, and engaging constructively in political and social discourse. The podcast encourages listeners to embrace cognitive dissonance as a catalyst for growth and better decision-making, while seeking alignment with their true values and maintaining a curiosity-driven approach to life's complexities.

00:00 Introduction to Cognitive Dissonance
01:00 Origins and Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
03:12 Cognitive Dissonance in Health and Body Image
06:28 Environmental Cognitive Dissonance: The Green Gap
09:17 Cognitive Dissonance in Politics
13:38 Interpersonal Relationships and Cognitive Dissonance
17:27 Workplace Cognitive Dissonance
21:40 Consumer Behavior and Cognitive Dissonance
26:30 Cognitive Dissonance in Education and Learning
31:34 Conclusion: Embracing Cognitive Dissonance

Extinction Burst: The Desperate Ways Extremists and their Movements React When Losing Ground

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the concept of extinction bursts—predictable patterns of intensifying behavior when long-standing negative behaviors lose effectiveness. Drawing on examples from political, social, and historical contexts, the episode explains how these bursts manifest in both individual and group behaviors, and why they're particularly relevant given today's rapid societal changes. The discussion extends to the effects of spontaneous recovery and emphasizes the importance of consistent societal response for building resilient and inclusive communities.

00:00 Introduction to Extinction Bursts
01:27 The Psychology of Extinction Bursts
02:15 Group Behavior and Extinction Bursts
07:46 Historical Parallels to Extinction Bursts
11:30 Spontaneous Recovery and Its Impact
14:52 Effective Responses and Community Resilience

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References:

Atran, S. (2020). Psychology of transnational terrorism and extreme political conflict. Annual Review of Psychology, 30.

Bouton, M., & Swartzentruber, D. (1991). Sources of relapse after extinction in Pavlovian and instrumental learning.

Bouton, M., Westbrook, R. F., Corcoran, K., & Maren, S. (2006). Contextual and temporal modulation of extinction: Behavioral and biological mechanisms. Biological Psychiatry, 663.

Cammarota, M., Bevilaqua, L. M., Vianna, M., Medina, J., & Izquierdo, I. (2007). The extinction of conditioned fear: structural and molecular basis and therapeutic use. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 40.

Delamater, A., Delamater, A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). Psychological and neural mechanisms of experimental extinction: A selective review. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 101.

Doughty, A. H., & Oken, G. (2008). Extinction-induced response resurgence: A selective review.

Dunsmoor, J., Niv, Y., Daw, N., & Phelps, E. (2015). Rethinking extinction. Neuron, 224.

Epstein, R. (1983). Resurgence of previously reinforced behavior during extinction, 191.

Fisher, W., Greer, B., Shahan, T., & Norris, H. M. (2022). Basic and applied research on extinction bursts. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11.

Gallistel, C. R. (2012). Extinction from a rationalist perspective. Behavioural Processes, 50.

Huff, N., Hernandez, J., Blanding, N. Q., & LaBar, K. (2009). Delayed extinction attenuates conditioned fear renewal and spontaneous recovery in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 87.

Katz, B. R., & Lattal, K. (2020). What is an extinction burst?: A case study in the analysis of transitional behavior. Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 16.

Kim, J., & Richardson, R. (2010). New findings on extinction of conditioned fear early in development: Theoretical and clinical implications. Biological Psychiatry, 187.

Kruglanski, A., Gelfand, M., Bélanger, J., Sheveland, A., Hetiarachchi, M., & Gunaratna, R. (2014). The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization: How significance quest impacts violent extremism.

Laborda, M. A., McConnell, B. L., & Miller, R. R. (2011). Associative learning and conditioning theory.

Lattal, K., & Pipkin, C. S. P. (2009). Resurgence of previously reinforced responding: Research and application.

Lerman, D., Iwata, B. A., & Wallace, M. D. (1999). Side effects of extinction: Prevalence of bursting and aggression during the treatment of self-injurious behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis.

Lerman, D., Kelley, M. E., Van Camp, C. V., & Roane, H. (1999). Effects of reinforcement magnitude on spontaneous recovery. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41.

Muething, C., Cariveau, T., Bottini, S., Slocum, S., Williams, C. L., Gillespie, S. E., & Scheithauer, M. C. (2024). Descriptive characteristics of extinction bursts: A record review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis.

Nist, A. N., & Shahan, T. (2021). The extinction burst: Impact of reinforcement time and level of analysis on measured prevalence. Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 8.

Pan, W., Schmidt, R., Wickens, J., & Hyland, B. (2008). Tripartite mechanism of extinction suggested by dopamine neuron activity and temporal difference model. Journal of Neuroscience, 89.

Podlesnik, C. A., Kelley, M. E., Jimenez‐Gomez, C., & Bouton, M. (2017). Renewed behavior produced by context change and its implications for treatment maintenance: A review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 114.

Shahan, T. (2022). A theory of the extinction burst. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 13.

Vervliet, B., Craske, M., & Hermans, D. (2013). Fear extinction and relapse: State of the art. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 557.

Weissman, A. (1960). The behavioral effects of repeated exposure to three mixed extinction schedules. Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 19.

Harnessing Small Actions for Big Change in Overwhelming Challenges

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores how to take meaningful actions when facing seemingly insurmountable challenges. Through insights from various psychological studies, Leslie explains why our brains often shut down when faced with massive issues, and how small, strategic steps can break this paralysis. The episode dives into concepts such as learned helplessness, behavioral activation, and small wins, emphasizing the neuroscientific and social impacts of taking small actions. Additionally, it covers practical strategies from behavioral science and social movements to create sustainable, connective, and scalable actions. The takeaway is clear: even insignificant actions, when designed thoughtfully, can lead to significant and lasting change.

00:00 Introduction to Meaningful Action
00:49 Understanding Cognitive Paralysis
02:15 Breaking Down Challenges
03:06 The Power of Small Wins
03:56 Neuroscience of Small Actions
05:12 Social Networks and Behavioral Cascades
08:03 Strategic Small Steps
14:56 Overcoming Psychological Barriers
20:55 Maintaining Momentum
22:05 Conclusion and Homework

References: 

Amabile, T. M. (2011). The progress principle: Using small wins to ignite joy, engagement, and creativity at work. Harvard Business Review Press.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman and Company.

Boggs, G. L. (2011). The next American revolution: Sustainable activism for the twenty-first century. University of California Press.

brown, a. m. (2017). Emergent strategy: Shaping change, changing worlds. AK Press.

Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The surprising power of our social networks and how they shape our lives. Little, Brown and Company.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row.

Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. Scribner.

Duncan, L. E. (2012). The psychology of collective action. In The Oxford handbook of personality and social psychology. Oxford University Press.

Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.

Ganz, M. (2010). Leading change: Leadership, organization, and social movements. In Handbook of leadership theory and practice. Harvard Business Press.

Gelfand, M. J. (2018). Rule makers, rule breakers: How tight and loose cultures wire our world. Scribner.

Gould, D. B. (2009). Moving politics: Emotion and ACT UP's fight against AIDS. University of Chicago Press.

Graybiel, A. M. (2008). Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 31, 359-387.

Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.

Haidt, J. (2003). Elevation and the positive psychology of morality. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived. American Psychological Association.

Jasper, J. M. (2011). Emotions and social movements: Twenty years of theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 37, 285-303.

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Klandermans, B. (1997). The social psychology of protest. Blackwell Publishers.

Lieberman, M. D. (2013). Social: Why our brains are wired to connect. Crown.

Meadows, D. H. (1999). Leverage points: Places to intervene in a system. The Sustainability Institute.

Morris, A. D. (1984). The origins of the civil rights movement: Black communities organizing for change. Free Press.

powell, j. a. (2012). Racing to justice: Transforming our conceptions of self and other to build an inclusive society. Indiana University Press.

Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.

Reicher, S. (2004). The context of social identity: Domination, resistance, and change. Political Psychology, 25(6), 921-945.

Richeson, J. A. (2018). The psychology of racial bias and discrimination. Annual Review of Psychology.

Robnett, B. (1997). How long? How long? African-American women in the struggle for civil rights. Oxford University Press.

Sampson, R. J. (2012). Great American city: Chicago and the enduring neighborhood effect. University of Chicago Press.

Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Press.

Sen, R. (2003). Stir it up: Lessons in community organizing and advocacy. Jossey-Bass.

Shim, R. S. (2018). Cultural competency in mental health care. Psychiatric Clinics of North America.

Small, M. L. (2009). Unanticipated gains: Origins of network inequality in everyday life. Oxford University Press.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In The social psychology of intergroup relations. Brooks/Cole.

Watts, D. J. (2011). Everything is obvious: Once you know the answer. Crown Business.

Weick, K. E. (1984). Small wins: Redefining the scale of social problems. American Psychologist, 39(1), 40-49.

Westley, F. R. (2013). Social innovation and resilience: How one enhances the other. Stanford Social Innovation Review.

Winn, M. T. (2018). Justice on both sides: Transforming education through restorative justice. Harvard Education Press.

The Power of Language in Shaping Policy: An Examination of 'For the Children'

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the significant role of emotionally charged language in influencing public opinion and policy. The discussion focuses on the phrase 'for the children,' its psychological impact, and its use in promoting initiatives like the KOSA legislation. The episode highlights research by experts such as Dr. Susan T. Fisk and Dr. Paul Slovic, illustrating how language can manipulate societal norms and expectations. It also covers the potential consequences of such rhetoric, the importance of media literacy, and the need for critical thinking in understanding the broader implications of emotionally driven discourse.

00:00 Welcome to PsyberSpace: Unveiling the Power of Language
00:22 The Psychological Leverage of "For the Children"
00:55 Emotional Language in Policy Making: A Deep Dive
03:39 The KOSA Legislation: A Case Study in Emotional Appeals
06:27 Historical Precedents and the Impact of Emotive Language
08:52 The Role of Education and Media in Countering Manipulative Language
11:35 Concluding Thoughts: The Responsibility of Informed Citizenship

The Psychology of Online Corrections: Unpacking Reply Guys and Misinformation

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston gets into the psychology behind online corrections. The discussion explores why individuals feel compelled to correct others online, the impact of these behaviors on digital discourse, and their role in the spread of misinformation. Key concepts such as cognitive load theory, the online disinhibition effect, the Dunning-Kruger effect, and sea lioning are examined. The episode includes real-world examples, highlights latest research, and provides practical advice for navigating these social interactions. The broader implications of these behaviors on marginalized communities and democratic processes are also discussed, along with strategies for effective corrections and fostering a healthier online environment.

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00:00 Introduction to Online Corrections
01:14 Psychological Motivations Behind Online Corrections
02:12 The Online Disinhibition Effect
02:52 Cognitive Biases and Social Media Dynamics
03:58 The Phenomenon of Reply Guys and Sea Lioning
05:02 Impact of Online Corrections on Marginalized Communities
06:28 The Backfire Effect and Misinformation
08:53 Real-World Consequences of Online Misinformation
12:45 Strategies for Effective Online Corrections
16:37 Psychological Impact of Receiving Corrections
18:14 The Broader Societal Impact of Online Corrections
20:08 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Debunking the Myths: The Real Impact of Social Media on Youth

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the complex relationship between social media and children's wellbeing. Challenging the common narrative that social media is detrimental to youth, Leslie dives into recent research that suggests its impact is minimal and often misunderstood. The discussion covers the societal tendency to use social media as a scapegoat for various issues, examines both the potential benefits and risks of social media for young people, and emphasizes the importance of nuanced and informed policymaking. Key points include the protection of vulnerable youth, the role of digital literacy, and the need for open dialogue between parents, educators, policymakers, and youth.

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00:00 Introduction to Social Media Concerns
01:13 Debunking Myths About Social Media
04:08 Social Media as a Scapegoat
06:00 The Dark Side of Social Media Narratives
07:41 Potential Benefits of Social Media
10:39 Parental Guidance in the Digital Age
12:55 Social Media as a Lifeline for Vulnerable Youth
16:06 Addressing Online Bullying
18:45 Protecting At-Risk Youth from Exploitation
21:37 Policy Recommendations for Social Media Use
25:32 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

The Truth Behind Resilience Myths: Unpacking Self-Deception and Genuine Healing

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston, a research psychologist, dives into the myths surrounding resilience and how they impact our lives. Topics covered include the false narratives around surviving harassment or abuse, questionable therapeutic methods, and the psychological processes behind these myths such as cognitive dissonance. The episode also discusses how societal narratives and media shape our beliefs about strength and survival, and the importance of moving towards more authentic forms of resilience. Various therapeutic approaches, both controversial and promising, are examined, providing listeners with a comprehensive understanding of genuine healing and growth. The episode encourages questioning long-held beliefs and fostering self-compassion in the journey towards true resilience.

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00:00 Introduction to Cyberspace Podcast
00:43 Exploring Resilience Myths
02:16 The Psychology of Self-Deception
05:07 Resilience Myths in the Context of COVID-19
07:48 Myths Surrounding Abuse Survival
10:42 Societal Narratives and Resilience
13:29 Controversial and Emerging Therapeutic Practices
19:19 Rehumanizing and Unpacking Resilience Myths
23:13 Conclusion and Reflections

Crowd Psychology in Concerts: Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour vs. Kendrick Lamar’s Pop-Out Event

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the psychology of crowds at music concerts, focusing on Taylor Swift’s Eras tour and Kendrick Lamar’s pop-out concert. The discussion covers the foundational concepts of crowd psychology, including theories by Gustave Le Bon, and extends to modern psychological and sociological studies. Swift's meticulously choreographed concerts create a purchasable shared experience, while Lamar’s performances tap into cultural authenticity and community pride. The episode explores emotional contagion, deindividuation, place identity, musical entrainment, and the commercial aspects of fan culture. It also considers how digital engagement and hidden meanings enhance fan experiences. Whether through pop anthems or hip hop verses, the powerful force of music in shaping collective behavior and individual identity is examined in-depth. The episode also acknowledges the contributions of various researchers and journalists, offering rich insights into the profound impact of concert settings on crowd behavior.

00:00 Introduction to Concert Psychology
00:55 Foundations of Crowd Psychology
02:03 Taylor Swift's Eras Tour: A Case Study
02:57 Kendrick Lamar's Pop-Out Concert: A Case Study
04:09 Emotional Contagion in Concerts
06:59 Identity and Belonging in Concert Crowds
09:30 The Role of Concert Settings
12:18 Musical Entrainment and Crowd Behavior
14:29 Commercial Aspects of Fan Culture
16:55 Digital Engagement and Networked Publics
19:01 Semiotics and Hidden Meanings in Fandom
24:36 Conclusion: The Power of Music and Crowd Psychology

The Psychology of Forgetting: Understanding Memory Lapses and Enhancing Recall

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the intricacies of memory, specifically focusing on why we forget. The discussion includes the impact of stress, information overload, and emotional events on memory retention. Key memory theories, such as the decay theory and interference theory, are explored, alongside recent advances in memory research involving new technologies like optogenetics. The episode also covers practical strategies for improving memory, including mnemonics, spaced repetition, mindfulness practices, and lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and diet. Viewers are encouraged to understand the natural processes of forgetting and to apply effective techniques to enhance their memory.

00:00 Introduction to Memory and Forgetting

01:01 The Basics of Memory Formation

02:21 Theories of Forgetting

03:49 Neurological Aspects of Memory

04:36 Stress and Memory

06:48 Information Overload and Memory

12:30 Emotional Influence on Memory

14:24 Technology's Impact on Memory

15:50 Adaptive Benefits of Forgetting

17:28 Memory Enhancement Techniques

19:43 Conclusion and Recap

In this episode of PsyberSpace, Leslie Poston explores the dynamic evolution of digital language and its implications for freedom of expression and community engagement. From TikTok euphemisms to linguistic strategies on Twitter (now X), we delve into how content creators adapt their language to navigate algorithmic censorship and platform policies. With insights from academic studies and real-world examples, we uncover the resilience and creativity that shape digital communication. Join us in understanding the broader dynamics of power, identity, and resistance that influence how we speak and connect online.

00:00 Welcome to the Dynamic World of Digital Language

00:37 Exploring the Evolution of Online Communication

01:23 The Birth of "Algorithm Speak" and Its Necessity

02:53 Adapting Language for Freedom of Expression

03:16 Academic Insights into Linguistic Adaptations Online

04:19 The Impact of Digital Platforms on Language and Community

06:20 Creative Euphemisms and Their Role in Digital Subcultures

10:18 Algorithmic Challenges and the Evolution of Digital Language

14:56 The Future of Communication in the Digital Age

18:58 Concluding Thoughts on Digital Language Evolution

Understanding the Positive Impacts of Social Media on Youth

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston discusses the often overlooked benefits of social media for kids and teens. Through a review of recent research and peer-reviewed studies, the episode explores how digital platforms like Discord, Instagram, and TikTok serve as modern 'third spaces' for social interaction, support psychological development, and offer educational and career development opportunities. The episode also covers mental health awareness and the role of social media in fostering global awareness and empathy. Listeners are encouraged to guide young people toward purposeful social media engagement to maximize its benefits.

00:00 Introduction: Debunking the Moral Panic Around Social Media
01:27 The Disappearance of Physical Third Spaces
02:15 Digital Third Spaces: Modern Gathering Places
03:00 The Power of Digital Connections
04:49 Building Genuine Online Communities
06:16 Social Media and Career Development
07:33 Educational Benefits of Social Media
09:25 Mental Health Awareness and Support
11:00 Fostering Creativity Through Social Media
12:42 Social Media and Civic Engagement
14:19 Psychological Benefits of Social Media
16:07 Broadening Horizons: Cultural Competence
18:16 Algorithmic Feeds and Parental Guidance
18:52 Conclusion: Maximizing Social Media Benefits

References:

Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. 

Anderson, M., & Vogels, E. A. (2023). Teens and social media: Key findings from Pew Research Center surveys. Pew Research Center. 

Asterhan, C. S., & Bouton, E. (2017). Teenage peer-to-peer knowledge sharing through social network sites in secondary schools. Computers & Education, 110, 16-34.

Auxier, B., & Anderson, M. (2022). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research Center. 

Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27-36.

Boulianne, S., & Theocharis, Y. (2018). Young people, digital media, and engagement: A meta-analysis of research. Social Science Computer Review, 36(6), 737-755.

Boulianne, S., & Theocharis, Y. (2023). Young people, social media, and political engagement: A meta-analysis. Information, Communication & Society, 26(4), 510-528.

boyd, d. (2024). Risks vs. Harms: Youth & Social Media. Data: Made Not Found. https://zephoria.substack.com/p/risks-vs-harms-youth-and-social-media

Burke, M., & Kraut, R. E. (2016). The relationship between Facebook use and well‐being depends on communication type and tie strength. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 21(4), 265-281.

Chen, G. M. (2012). The impact of new media on intercultural communication in global context. China Media Research, 8(2), 1-10.

Davis, K. (2012). Friendship 2.0: Adolescents' experiences of belonging and self-disclosure online. Journal of Adolescence, 35(6), 1527-1536.

Erfani, S. S., & Abedin, B. (2018). Impacts of the use of social network sites on users' psychological well‐being: A systematic review. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 69(7), 900-912.

Gan, B., & Li, H. (2018). Understanding the effects of gratifications on the continuance intention to use WeChat in China: A perspective on uses and gratifications. Computers in Human Behavior, 78, 306-315.

Greenhow, C., & Chapman, A. (2020). Social distancing meet social media: Digital tools for connecting students, teachers, and citizens in an emergency. Information and Learning Sciences, 121(5/6), 341-352.

Greenhow, C., Galvin, S., & Staudt Willet, K. B. (2023). What should students learn about social media? Teachers' perspectives and practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 121, 103912.

Greenhow, C., & Lewin, C. (2016). Social media and education: Reconceptualizing the boundaries of formal and informal learning. Learning, Media and Technology, 41(1), 6-30.

Ito, M., & Martin, C. (2023). Connected learning and the future of libraries. Young Adult Library Services, 19(4), 12-18.

Jenkins, H., Shresthova, S., Gamber-Thompson, L., Kligler-Vilenchik, N., & Zimmerman, A. M. (2016). By any media necessary: The new youth activism. NYU Press.

Kaye, D. B. K., Chen, X., & Powers, A. (2023). The mobile social media ecology of youth creative production. Mobile Media & Communication, 11(1), 148-167.

Kim, Y., & Kim, Y. (2017). The impact of social networking services on Korean adolescents' cross-cultural interaction: Facebook vs. Cyworld. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 228-237.

Kim, Y., & Yang, J. (2023). Cross-cultural interactions through social media: How digital platforms facilitate global understanding. New Media & Society, 25(3), 731-749.

Lee, S. J. (2009). Online communication and adolescent social ties: Who benefits more from Internet use? Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 509-531.

Li, X., & Carroll, R. J. (2020). Social media and professional networking: A case study of scientists' use of Twitter. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71(12), 1483-1497.

LinkedIn. (2023). Global talent trends 2023. LinkedIn Economic Graph.

Nabity-Grover, T., Cheung, C. M., & Thatcher, J. B. (2020). Inside out and outside in: How the COVID-19 pandemic affects self-disclosure on social media. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102188.

Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Marsch, L. A., & Bartels, S. J. (2016). The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(2), 113-122.

O'Reilly, M., Dogra, N., Hughes, J., Reilly, P., George, R., & Whiteman, N. (2023). Potential benefits and harms of social media for adolescent mental health: Understanding adolescent, parent and professional perspectives. Journal of Adolescence, 94, 25-37.

Oldenburg, R., & Brissett, D. (1982). The third place. Qualitative Sociology, 5(4), 265-284.

Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2023). Digital screen time and human development: Evidence from a large-scale study of adolescents. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(4), 550-558.

Richards, D., Doherty, G., et al. (2023). Internet-delivered mental health interventions for young people: Systematic review. JMIR Mental Health, 10(1), e41724.

Robinson, P., Turk, D., Jilka, S., & Cella, M. (2019). Measuring attitudes towards mental health using social media: investigating stigma and trivialisation. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54(1), 51-58.

Rutledge, P. (2024). Why Warning Labels on Social Media Will Hurt not Help Kids. The Psychology of Digital Behaviors. https://www.pamelarutledge.com/why-warning-labels-on-social-media-will-hurt-not-help-kids/

Thomas, L., Orme, E., & Kerrigan, F. (2020). Student loneliness: The role of social media through life transitions. Computers & Education, 146, 103754.

Vodafone Foundation. (2023). Digital society index 2023: Youth perspectives.

Wohn, D. Y., Ellison, N. B., Khan, M. L., Fewins-Bliss, R., & Gray, R. (2013). The role of social media in shaping first-generation high school students' college aspirations: A social capital lens. Computers & Education, 63, 424-436.

Wu, J., & Shen, ...

Why Humans Struggle with Risk Assessment: Understanding Our Cognitive Biases

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the complexities of human risk assessment. Despite relying on this critical cognitive skill every day, humans often misjudge risks due to emotional biases, misinformation, and stress. From relationships and work to financial decisions and global crises like Covid-19, Leslie explores how attachment styles, behavioral economics, media influence, and neurological factors impact our perception of risk. The episode also offers practical strategies for improving risk literacy and making more informed decisions in various aspects of life, emphasizing the importance of probabilistic thinking, cleaning up our information diet, and leveraging social perspectives. Tune in to learn how to navigate uncertainty with greater clarity and confidence.

00:00 Introduction to Risk Assessment
01:46 Relationship Risks and Attachment Styles
03:35 Workplace and Financial Risk Misjudgments
04:46 Psychological Biases in Risk Perception
10:40 Media's Role in Distorting Risk Perception
13:43 Impact of Covid on Risk Assessment
17:06 Political and Cultural Influences on Risk
20:21 Improving Your Risk Assessment Skills
23:58 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

References:

Bavel, J. J. V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., ... Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), 460-471.

Fischhoff, B., & Broomell, S. B. (2020). Judgment and decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 71, 331-355.
Chong, J. Y., Anderson, G. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2024). Natural clues to danger: Attachment behavior in threatening situations. Attachment & Human Development, 26(4), 366–382.

Gigerenzer, G. (2015). Risk savvy: How to make good decisions. Penguin.

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Emotion and decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 799-823. 

Slovic, P. (2016). The perception of risk. Routledge.

Sunstein, C. R. (2020). How change happens. MIT Press.

Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131. 

Feeney, J. A., & Karantzas, G. C. (2017). Couple conflict: Insights from an attachment perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 60-64. 

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 1-22. 

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.

Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (2017). Adult attachment, stress, and romantic relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 19-24.

Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R. H. (2013). Behavioral economics and the retirement savings crisis. Science, 339(6124), 1152-1153. 

Cheng, Y. Y., Shein, P. P., & Chiou, W. B. (2012). Escaping the impulse to immediate gratification: The prospect concept promotes a future-oriented mindset, prompting an inclination towards delayed gratification. British Journal of Psychology, 103(1), 129-141

Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (1992). Anomalies in intertemporal choice: Evidence and an interpretation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 573-597. 

Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2021). Nudge: The final edition. Penguin Books.

Binder, A. R., Cacciatore, M. A., Scheufele, D. A., & Brossard, D. (2015). The role of news media in the social amplification of risk. In The SAGE handbook of risk communication (pp. 69-85). SAGE Publications.

Covello, V. T., & Sandman, P. M. (2001). Risk communication: Evolution and revolution. In Solutions to an environment in peril (pp. 164-178). Johns Hopkins University Press.

Nelkin, D. (1989). Communicating technological risk: The social construction of risk perception. Annual Review of Public Health, 10(1), 95-113. 

Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2019). Emotions, media, and politics. Polity Press.

Douaud, G., Lee, S., Alfaro-Almagro, F., Arthofer, C., Wang, C., McCarthy, P., Lange, F., Andersson, J. L. R., Griffanti, L., Duff, E., Jbabdi, S., Taschler, B., Keating, P., Winkler, A. M., Collins, R., Matthews, P. M., Allen, N., Miller, K. L., Nichols, T. E., & Smith, S. M. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature, 604(7907), 697-707. 

Hampshire, A., Trender, W., Chamberlain, S. R., Jolly, A. E., Grant, J. E., Patrick, F., Mazibuko, N., Williams, S. C., Barnby, J. M., Hellyer, P., & Mehta, M. A. (2021). Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from COVID-19. EClinicalMedicine, 39, 101044. 

Taquet, M., Geddes, J. R., Husain, M., Luciano, S., & Harrison, P. J. (2021). 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(5), 416-427. 

Whitaker, M., Elliott, J., Chadeau-Hyam, M., Riley, S., Darzi, A., Cooke, G., Ward, H., & Elliott, P. (2022). Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a community study of 606,434 people in England. Nature Communications, 13(1), 1957. 

Bowles, S., & Carlin, W. (2020). Shrinking capitalism. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 110, 372-377. 

Fiorina, M. P. (2017). Unstable majorities: Polarization, party sorting, and political stalemate. Hoover Institution Press.

Persily, N., & Tucker, J. A. (Eds.). (2020). Social media and democracy: The state of the field, prospects for reform. Cambridge University Press.

Sunstein, C. R. (2018). #Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.

Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Public Affairs.

Barron, G., & Erev, I. (2003). Small feedback-based decisions and their limited correspondence to description-based decisions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16(3), 215-233. 

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Fradera, A. (2018). Training can help people to spot the logical fallacy at the core of "fake news." The British Psychological Society Research Digest.

Hertwig, R., & Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2017). Nudging and boosting: Steering or empowering good decisions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(6), 973-986. 

PsyberSpace S2E1: The Neuroscience of Wealth and Power

In the season two opener of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores how extreme wealth and power transform the human mind. The episode gets into neuroscientific research revealing that power and wealth can rewire neural pathways, decrease empathy, alter decision-making, and increase risk-taking behaviors. Examples from real-world events, including actions by billionaires like Jeff Bezos, illustrate the psychological changes that accompany immense wealth. The show also highlights how maintaining diverse social connections can mitigate the negative effects of power. With increasing global wealth concentration, understanding these changes is critical for society.

00:00 Welcome to Season Two of PsyberSpace
01:56 The Neuroscience of Power
05:14 The Dark Side of Extreme Wealth
08:19 The Isolation Bubble
10:28 Risk-Taking and Reality Distortion
15:29 Authoritarian Tendencies and Elite Panic
18:23 Positive Examples and Solutions
21:12 Conclusion: Understanding Wealth's Psychological Impact

Research:

Bader, M., Hilbig, B., Zettler, I., & Moshagen, M. (2022). Rethinking aversive personality: Decomposing the Dark Triad traits into their common core and unique flavors. Journal of Personality, 90(4), 543-557. 

Borgholthaus, C. J., White, J. V., & Harms, P. (2023). CEO dark personality: A critical review, bibliometric analysis, and research agenda. Personality and Individual Differences, 203, 111951. 

Du, H., Götz, F., King, R. B., & Rentfrow, P. (2022). The psychological imprint of inequality: Economic inequality shapes achievement and power values in human life. Journal of Personality, 90(6), 889-906. 

Foster, S., & O'Mealey, M. (2021). Socioeconomic status and mental illness stigma: The impact of mental illness controllability attributions and personal responsibility judgments. Journal of Mental Health, 30(4), 507-513. 

Greer, L., & Chu, C. (2020). Power struggles: When and why the benefits of power for individuals paradoxically harm groups. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 162-166. 

Grossman, G., Margalit, Y., & Mitts, T. (2022). How the ultrarich use media ownership as a political investment. Journal of Politics, 84(3), 1944-1960. 

Hägel, P. (2020). Billionaires in world politics. Oxford University Press. 

Hilbig, B., Thielmann, I., Klein, S. A., Moshagen, M., & Zettler, I. (2020). The dark core of personality and socially aversive psychopathology. Journal of Personality, 88(6), 1046-1061. 

Julian, M. F., & Bonavía, T. (2020). Psychological variables related to corruption: A systematic review. Anales de Psicología, 36(2), 330-339. 

Kaufman, S., Weiss, B. M., Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2020). Clinical correlates of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism: A personality perspective. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(Supplement), 107-130. 

Kernberg, O. (2020). Malignant narcissism and large group regression. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 89(4), 741-771. 

Lin, E., & Schmid, P. (2022). Does power increase attention to rewards? Examining the brain and behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 101, 104332. 

Maceri, S., & Coll, A. J. (2023). Las consecuencias indeseadas del dinero desde el punto de vista de la psicología y la economía de la felicidad. Cultura Económica, 41(105), 67-84. 

Martin, B. A. S., Chrysochou, P., Strong, C., Wang, D., & Yao, J. (2022). Dark personalities and Bitcoin: The influence of the Dark Tetrad on cryptocurrency attitude and buying intention. Personality and Individual Differences, 179, 111453. 

Mutschmann, M., Hasso, T., & Pelster, M. (2020). Dark triad managerial personality and financial reporting manipulation. Journal of Business Ethics, 169(2), 381-404. 

O'Reilly, C., & Chatman, J. A. (2020). Transformational leader or narcissist? How grandiose narcissists can create and destroy organizations and institutions. California Management Review, 62(3), 5-27. 

O'Reilly, C., & Hall, N. (2020). Grandiose narcissists and decision making: Impulsive, overconfident, and skeptical of experts–but seldom in doubt. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110280. 

Peters, K., & Jetten, J. (2023). How living in economically unequal societies shapes our minds and our social lives. British Journal of Psychology, 114(1), 1-24. 

Sekścińska, K., & Rudzinska‐Wojciechowska, J. (2020). Individual differences in Dark Triad traits and risky financial choices. Personality and Individual Differences, 152, 109598. 

Tobore, T. (2023). On power and its corrupting effects: The effects of power on human behavior and the limits of accountability systems. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 16(1), 2246793. 

Vries, K. D., & Manfred, F. R. (2021). Do you really want to become a billionaire? A look inside the inner theatre of the super-rich. Social Science Research Network. 

Wang, X., Chen, Z., & Krumhuber, E. G. (2020). Money: An integrated review and synthesis from a psychological perspective. Review of General Psychology, 24(2), 121-133. 

Yin, Y., Savani, K., & Smith, P. K. (2021). Power increases perceptions of others' choices, leading people to blame others more. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 12(7), 1284-1291. 

Compensatory Masculinity

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the concept of compensatory masculinity, where men display extreme masculine behaviors when feeling their masculinity is threatened. The episode uncovers the adverse effects on men's health, relationships, family dynamics, workplace efficiency, and politics. It also discusses the impact on political decisions, media portrayal, and crisis management, as well as how art and music challenge these norms. The episode highlights the positive changes possible when men embrace emotional awareness and supportive friendships, rejecting traditional norms. Practical steps for fostering a more inclusive and authentic understanding of masculinity are provided to guide listeners in reshaping these dynamics in their lives.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
00:34 Understanding Compensatory Masculinity
02:44 Compensatory Masculinity in Modern Dating
04:39 Impact on Family Life
07:45 Workplace Dynamics and Masculinity
10:50 Political Implications of Compensatory Masculinity
12:02 Balancing Leadership Styles in Politics
12:33 Gender Dynamics in Crisis Management
13:05 Integrative Leadership Trends
13:43 Art and Music: Reflecting and Challenging Masculinity
15:41 Masculinity in Visual Arts
16:51 Television and Film: Evolving Masculine Portrayals
17:18 Breaking Free from Traditional Masculine Norms
18:09 The Power of Emotional Awareness
19:54 Transforming Masculinity in the Workplace
21:59 Conclusion: Expanding Masculinity

Debunking Psychology Myths: From Brain Function to Vaccines

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston critically examines several long-standing psychology myths and their impacts. The discussion covers misconceptions such as the left-brained/right-brained theory, the myth that we use only 10% of our brain, the idea that opposites attract in relationships, and the belief that venting anger is beneficial. Further myths debunked include the notion that memory functions like a video camera, the causation of hyperactivity in children by sugar, subliminal messages controlling behavior, the Mozart effect's impact on intelligence, and the debunked link between vaccines and autism. Throughout, Leslie explains how these myths gained traction and their real-world consequences in education, healthcare, and personal beliefs.

00:00 Welcome to PsyberSpace
02:09 Debunking the Left-Brain Right-Brain Myth
04:50 The 10% Brain Usage Myth
07:01 Do Opposites Really Attract?
09:07 The Myth of Venting Anger
11:29 Memory: Not a Video Camera
13:35 Misunderstandings About DID and Schizophrenia
17:13 Sugar and Hyperactivity in Children
19:16 The Truth About Subliminal Messages
21:01 The Mozart Effect: Music and Intelligence
22:57 The Dangerous Myth Linking Vaccines and Autism
24:50 Conclusion and Further Exploration

References

Aamodt, M. G. (2008). Reducing misconceptions and false beliefs in police and criminal psychology. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(10), 1231-1240.

Aguinis, H., Pierce, C. A., Bosco, F. A., Dalton, D. R., & Dalton, C. M. (2011). Debunking myths and urban legends about meta-analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 14(2), 306-331.

Dawes, R. M. (1994). House of cards: Psychology and psychotherapy built on myth. Choice Reviews Online, 32(1), 32-1228.

Eliot, L. (2011). The trouble with sex differences. Neuron, 72(6), 895-898.

Furnham, A. (2018). Myths and misconceptions in developmental and neuro-psychology. Psychology, 9(2), 249-259.

Furnham, A., & Hughes, D. J. (2014). Myths and misconceptions in popular psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 41(3), 214-221.

Gaze, C. M. (2014). Popular psychological myths: A comparison of students' beliefs across the psychology major. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 46-60.

Geake, J. (2008). Neuromythologies in education. Educational Research, 50(2), 123-133.

Grospietsch, F., & Lins, I. (2021). Review on the prevalence and persistence of neuromyths in education – Where we stand and what is still needed. Frontiers in Education, 6, 665752.

Higbee, K. L., & Clay, S. L. (1998). College students' beliefs in the ten-percent myth. The Journal of Psychology, 132(5), 469-476.

Hines, T. (1987). Left brain/right brain mythology and implications for management and training. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 600-606.

Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and its correction: Continued influence and successful debiasing. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(3), 106-131.

Macdonald, K., Germine, L., Anderson, A., Christodoulou, J., & McGrath, L. M. (2017). Dispelling the myth: Training in education or neuroscience decreases but does not eliminate beliefs in neuromyths. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1314.

Meinz, E. J., Tennison, W. A., & Dominguez, W. A. (2022). Who believes the "50 great myths of psychology"? Teaching of Psychology, 49(2), 121-131.

Melnikoff, D. E., & Bargh, J. A. (2018). The mythical number two. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(4), 280-293.

Scudellari, M. (2015). The science myths that will not die. Nature, 528(7582), 322-325.

Schwarz, N., Newman, E. J., & Leach, W. (2016). Making the truth stick & the myths fade: Lessons from cognitive psychology. Behavioral Science & Policy, 2(1), 85-95. 

Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (2011). What people believe about how memory works: A representative survey of the U.S. population. PLoS ONE, 6(8), e22757.

Standing, L. G., & Huber, H. (2003). Do psychology courses reduce belief in psychological myths? Social Behavior and Personality, 31(6), 585-592.

Waterhouse, L. (2006). Multiple intelligences, the Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence: A critical review. Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 207-225. 

This episode of Psyber.Space hosted by Leslie Poston looks into the profound impact of music on the brain, exploring how it boosts cognitive function, aids in neurological therapy, and enhances overall brain health. Notable insights include the work of neurologist Oliver Sacks, the concept of the Mozart Effect, and the therapeutic uses of music for conditions such as ADHD and dementia. The discussion also highlights various studies and expert opinions on the subject, offering listeners practical ways to incorporate music into their lives for mental and emotional well-being.

00:00 Introduction to Music and the Brain
00:40 Music's Therapeutic Roles
01:13 Cognitive Benefits in Healthy Individuals
02:11 Music's Effects Across Different Genres
02:52 Mechanisms Behind Music's Power
03:28 Long-term Cognitive Benefits of Playing Music
03:52 Music and Brain Rehabilitation
04:17 Music in Teams and Workplaces
04:50 Music's Promise in Treating Disorders
06:34 The OPERA Hypothesis and Neurologic Music Therapy
07:50 Practical Tips for Using Music to Boost Brain Health
08:30 Conclusions and Final Thoughts

The Paradox of Anger: Understanding and Channeling a Primal Emotion

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the complex emotion of anger. Exploring recent neuroscience findings, Leslie reveals that anger can activate the brain's reward centers, making it feel satisfying. The episode covers the physiological and psychological mechanisms of anger, its impact on relationships and society, and how it plays out in the digital world. It also discusses cross-cultural perspectives on anger and offers evidence-based strategies for managing and channeling anger constructively, turning it into a force for positive change.

00:00 Introduction to Anger
01:36 The Neuroscience of Anger
04:06 Anger in the Digital Age
06:09 Anger in Relationships
07:57 Anger and Social Justice
09:27 Health Impacts of Anger
11:10 Cultural Perspectives on Anger
14:09 Transforming Anger into Positive Action
17:15 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Unlocking the Power of Psychological Safety: Boosting Workplace Productivity and Innovation

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the critical concept of psychological safety in the workplace. The discussion covers how creating an environment where employees feel secure to take risks and express themselves can lead to enhanced wellbeing, productivity, and company profitability. The episode explores foundational research, practical strategies, and real-world examples, demonstrating the profound impact of psychological safety on team performance. Additionally, the episode examines the detrimental effects of workplace toxicity and offers strategies for fostering inclusive environments, particularly for marginalized employees. This comprehensive guide aims to help CEOs, team leaders, and employees alike improve their work environments and drive business success.

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00:00 Introduction to Psychological Safety
01:14 Understanding Psychological Safety
04:16 The Impact on Productivity
08:27 The Dark Side: Workplace Toxicity
13:11 Real-World Success Stories
14:14 Strategies for Building Psychological Safety
16:57 Inclusion and Diversity
21:40 Financial Benefits of Psychological Safety
23:43 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

The Psychology of Meetings: Saving Your Brain from Meeting Overload

In this episode, host Leslie Poston explores the draining effects of poorly structured meetings and offers psychological insights to transform meeting culture. Topics include why back-to-back meetings feel exhausting, inclusive practices for neurodiverse colleagues, strategies for global teams, and actionable hacks for making meetings productive. With examples of companies adopting no-meeting practices, the episode emphasizes preserving mental health and job satisfaction by shaking up traditional meeting norms.

Vote for us for Best Psychology Podcast! Voting Open until October 1st, 2024.

00:00 Introduction: The Meeting Dilemma
01:38 The Psychology of Draining Meetings
04:34 Back-to-Back Meeting Marathons
07:54 Inclusive Meeting Practices
10:50 Global Team Meeting Strategies
13:48 Transforming Meetings into Productive Sessions
16:00 Imagining a Low-Meeting Workplace
18:59 Conclusion: Rethinking Meeting Culture

The Hidden Power of Disgust and Shame: Unveiling Ancient Emotions in Modern Society

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the psychological forces of disgust and shame, exploring their ancient roots and modern implications. The episode sheds light on how these emotions shape our identities, enforce social norms, and influence political and social landscapes. Through neuroimaging studies and research from sociology and psychology, Leslie explains how physical disgust responses are linked to moral judgments and the perpetuation of social boundaries. The discussion also examines the role of media, technology, and societal structures in amplifying these emotions, impacting everything from body image to racist and sexist attitudes. The episode concludes by highlighting strategies to manage these powerful emotions, advocating for education and personal contact as tools to foster compassion and equity.

00:00 Introduction to Disgust and Shame
00:43 The Evolutionary Roots of Disgust
01:18 Neuroscience of Disgust
01:51 Moral Disgust and Social Norms
02:33 Physiological Responses to Disgust and Shame
02:56 Shame: The Social Immune System
03:32 Media Amplification of Disgust and Shame
03:59 Political and Social Implications
04:35 Authoritarian Exploitation of Disgust
07:14 Body Image and Shame
09:10 Racism and Disgust
11:40 Sexism and Disgust
14:27 Religion, Disgust, and Shame
16:15 Social Conformity and Disgust
17:52 Overcoming Harmful Disgust Responses
21:15 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

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References:

Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men (pp. 177-190). Carnegie Press.

Becker, J. C., & Swim, J. K. (2011). Seeing the unseen: Attention to daily encounters with sexism as way to reduce sexist beliefs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(2), 227-242. 

Brown, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Gotham Books.

Burgo, J. (2012). The shame dynamic. Therapy Today, 23(6), 19-22.

Curtis, V., Aunger, R., & Rabie, T. (2004). Evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271, S131-S133. 

Diedrichs, P. C., & Lee, C. (2010). GI Joe or Average Joe? The impact of average-size and muscular male fashion models on men's and women's body image and advertising effectiveness. Body Image, 7(3), 218-226. 

Ekman, P. (2003). Darwin, deception, and facial expression. In P. Ekman, J. J. Campos, R. J. Davidson, & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin's the expression of the emotions in man and animals (pp. 205-221). New York Academy of Sciences.

Fritzon, K., Bailey, C., Croom, S., & Brooks, N. (2014). The bystander effect in a digital age: Evidence for the diffusion of responsibility when an electronic device is present. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 137-140. 

Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814-834. 

Harper, T. (2012). The role of social media in the empowerment of LGBTQ youth centers. Journal of LGBT Youth, 9(4), 348-356. 

Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women's ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 657-674. 

Meadows, A., & Bombak, A. E. (2016). Weight stigma in maternity care: Women's experiences and care providers' attitudes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16, 19.

Nussbaum, M. C. (2010). From disgust to humanity: Sexual orientation and constitutional law. Oxford University Press.

Pizarro, D., Inbar, Y., & Helion, C. (2011). On disgust and moral judgment. Emotion Review, 3(3), 267-268. 

Sosis, R. (2003). Why aren't we all Hutterites? Costly signaling theory and religious behavior. Human Nature, 14(2), 91-127. 

Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372.

Navigating the Psychology of Public Health and Behavior

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the intersection of psychology and public health, particularly in the context of the pandemics and other new health challenges faced since 2020. She digs into why people engage in presenteeism, the role of loss aversion, and the influence of workplace culture. The episode further examines social norms and their impact on health behaviors, cognitive dissonance, denialism, and the spread of misinformation through media and social platforms. Groundbreaking research by various psychologists is discussed, alongside strategies for fostering better public health outcomes. Ultimately, the episode aims to unite individual and collective efforts for healthier communities and resilient societies.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
01:28 The Psychology of Presenteeism
05:21 Social Norms and Health Behaviors
09:54 Cognitive Dissonance in Health Decisions
14:36 Understanding Health Denialism
20:11 The Role of Media in Public Health
24:09 Strategies for Improving Public Health Compliance
27:17 Conclusion and Future Insights

We tried several new things this week! Let us know what you think about it on the Patreon (free!) or via the email in our RSS feed.

Understanding and Resisting Authoritarian Propaganda

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston looks into the mechanisms of propaganda used by authoritarian regimes. The episode covers the psychological strategies behind media manipulation, revisionist history, and language control intended to mold public perception and behavior. Using historical and contemporary examples, Leslie highlights the importance of critical thinking and media literacy in recognizing and resisting these tactics. The episode also provides actionable strategies for maintaining personal and societal integrity in the face of propaganda, stressing the value of diverse media consumption and community building.

00:00 Introduction to Propaganda and Authoritarian Regimes
01:10 Defining Propaganda
01:41 Historical and Modern Examples of Propaganda
02:50 Key Propaganda Strategies
04:53 Psychological Effects of Propaganda
06:31 Recognizing and Resisting Propaganda
07:55 Building Resilience Against Propaganda
10:00 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Past episodes on misinformation, disinformation, the power of hope, decoding morals, white supremacy, mastering essential literacy skills, gaslighting, and extremist groups will be helpful as people around the world face a rise in right leaning propaganda.

References (some research mentioned but not cited here is also already cited in past episode show notes)

Rosenfeld, B., & Wallace, J. (2024). Information politics and propaganda in authoritarian societies. Annual Review of Political Science (Palo Alto, Calif. Print).

Colon, D. (2021). Les effets psychologiques de la propagande. In Analysis.

Brodziak, A., & Abram, D. (2024). Should the struggle against authoritarian regimes be based on Aristotle’s or Freud’s psychology, or rather on neuroscience? Qeios.

Boler, M., & Davis, E. (2020). Introduction: Propaganda by other means.

Osborne, D., Costello, T. H., Duckitt, J., & Sibley, C. (2023). The psychological causes and societal consequences of authoritarianism. Nature Reviews Psychology.

Mattingly, D. C., & Yao, E. (2022). How soft propaganda persuades. Comparative Political Studies.

Mosiichuk, V., Tkach, B., & Lunov, V. (2024). Media effects and the narrative approach to counterpropaganda: A media psychology perspective. Social Science Research Network.

Chaudhari, D. D., & Pawar, A. (2021). Propaganda analysis in social media: A bibliometric review.

Van Bavel, J. V., Harris, E., Pärnamets, P., Rathje, S., Doell, K. C., & Tucker, J. A. (2020). Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of news belief and sharing. Social Issues and Policy Review.

Da San Martino, G., Shaar, S., Zhang, Y., Yu, S., Barrón-Cedeno, A., & Nakov, P. (2020). Prta: A system to support the analysis of propaganda techniques in the news. Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.

PsyberSpace: Exploring the Psychological Dimensions of Climate Change

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the psychological impact of climate change on human thoughts, behaviors, and societal structures. The episode explores climate anxiety, psychological barriers to climate action, and the role of community resilience. Insights from experts like Dr. Susan Clayton and Dr. Elke Weber shed light on the complexities of denial, cognitive dissonance, and motivation in the context of environmental psychology. The discussion also covers the effect of climate change on daily routines, work, social dynamics, and food security, emphasizing the need for effective strategies and collective efforts to foster mental resilience and societal adaptation.

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00:00 Introduction to the Psychological Dimensions of Climate Change
01:12 Understanding Climate Anxiety
03:10 Psychological Barriers to Climate Action
05:50 Motivations for Environmental Behavior
08:47 Denial and Cognitive Dissonance
11:43 Community Resilience and Collective Action
15:01 The Future of Environmental Psychology
18:02 Climate Change and Work Life
21:43 Daily Life and Social Interactions in a Warming World
24:58 The Impact of Climate Change on Food Systems
28:58 Conclusion: Moving from Fear to Hope

Exploring the Psychology of Online Communities

This episode delves into the complex world of online communities, examining how they shape our identities, interactions, and societal influences.

 Introduction to Online Communities
 The Allure of Online Communities
 Generational Differences in Online Engagement
 Identity Formation and Social Influence
 Challenges of Online Communities

Understanding the Psychology of White Supremacy: Historical Roots and Modern Impacts

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the complex psychology behind white supremacy, tracing its historical roots and examining its current manifestations. The discussion delves into how white supremacy perpetuates racism, sexism, and other forms of oppression. Drawing on extensive research, Leslie highlights how this ideology harms not only marginalized communities but also those who subscribe to its beliefs. The episode also addresses the role of digital media in radicalizing individuals and offers strategies for resisting white supremacist ideologies through education, community building, and systemic reform.

Diversify your knowledge about white supremacy and other issues.  Start by visiting Tema Okun's site on white supremacy, subscribing to Portia Burch's Patreon, or reading Caroline J. Sumlin's Substack.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
00:34 Understanding White Supremacy
00:59 Historical Foundations of White Supremacy
01:30 Psychological Colonization and Institutional Mechanisms
02:55 Intersectional Trauma and Systemic Oppression
04:45 Cult Dynamics and Radicalization
13:23 Online Radicalization and Algorithmic Influence
16:48 Counter Narratives and De-radicalization
18:54 Conclusion and Call to Action
22:27 Post-Credits: Listener Engagement

Understanding Defensive Reactions and Cognitive Dissonance

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the psychological triggers of defensive reactions when personal beliefs are challenged, often manifested in viral 'Karen' incidents. Poston explores cognitive dissonance, introduced by Leon Festinger, as the discomfort arising from holding contradictory beliefs, and how this leads to defensive behaviors rather than introspection or change. The episode discusses the role of cognitive processes and social identity theory in contributing to these reactions, emphasizing the impact of factors like confirmation bias, societal and cultural expectations, and privilege. Through real-world examples and psychological research, the discussion highlights the importance of understanding these dynamics in both personal growth and society-wide coherence. The episode also suggests strategies such as meditation, emotional regulation skills, and community dialogues to mitigate defensive reactions and foster a more inclusive, empathetic society.

00:00 Welcome to PsyberSpace: Unpacking Psychological Triggers
00:22 The Psychology Behind 'Karen' Incidents
01:08 Understanding Cognitive Dissonance
03:57 The Impact of Confirmation Bias
06:47 Exploring Social Identity Theory
09:09 Digital Dynamics and Group Identity
09:45 Real-World Examples of Cognitive Dissonance and Social Identity
15:43 Strategies to Mitigate Defensive Reactions
18:04 Concluding Thoughts on Understanding and Empathy

The Psychology of Holiday Consumerism: Understanding Impact and Wellbeing

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the timely subject of holiday consumerism and its various impacts on mental health, community well-being, and global issues. Through recent events like the Amazon workers' strike, the episode highlights the complex interplay of psychological, social, and economic forces influencing consumer behavior. Leslie discusses the neuroscience behind decision-making under stress, marketing tactics that exploit emotional vulnerabilities, and the inverse relationship between materialism and happiness. The episode also covers coping mechanisms, such as conscious minimalism and mindful consumption, and provides insights on improving family communication during the holidays. Research on charitable giving, worker rights, and the interplay between consumer choices and environmental concerns is also examined, offering practical strategies for a more meaningful and mindful holiday season.

00:00 Welcome to PsyberSpace
00:24 The Psychology of Holiday Consumerism
02:24 Impact of Stress on Decision Making
03:08 Marketing Tactics and Emotional Manipulation
05:25 Materialism and Psychological Wellbeing
08:00 Economic Inequality and Worker Rights
10:01 Collective Trauma and Consumer Behavior
17:17 Strategies for Mindful Consumption
17:58 Post-Holiday Consumption Depression
22:57 Creating Healthier Holiday Patterns
25:41 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

References:

Armstrong, A. (2012). Mindfulness and consumerism: A social psychological investigation.

Armstrong, A., & [Co-author] (2015). The mindful consumer: Mindfulness training and the escape from consumerism.

Arora, A., & [Co-author] (2020). The association of hyper-competitiveness and consumerism with ecological and social degradation: A need for a holistic and responsible approach for environmental and psychosocial rehabilitation. 2020 Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference (ZINC).

Assadourian, E. (2010). Transforming cultures: From consumerism to sustainability.

Bauer, M. A., & [3 Co-authors] (2012). Cuing consumerism. Psychology Science.

Bauman, Z. (2007). Collateral casualties of consumerism.

Chang, Y., & [Co-author] (2022). Why consumers have everything but happiness: An evolutionary mismatch perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology.

Darrat, A. A., & [2 Co-authors] (2022). Does wanting more lead to losing control? Examining the psychological drivers of compulsive buying. Young Consumers.

Dittmar, H. (2007). The costs of consumer culture and the "cage within": The impact of the material "good life" and "body perfect" ideals on individuals' identity and well-being.

Dittmar, H. (2007). Understanding the impact of consumer culture.

Durning, A. (1992). How much is enough?: The consumer society and the future of the earth.

Earl, P. E., & [Co-author] (1998). The Elgar companion to consumer research and economic psychology.

Emerald, N. D. (2004). Consumerism, nature, and the human spirit.

Faber, R. J., & [Co-author] (2005). Compulsive consumption.

Fumagalli, E., & [2 Co-authors] (2022). Consuming in response to loneliness: Bright side and dark side effects. Current Opinion in Psychology.

Huang, Y. (2024). A review on the cause of Black Friday consumerism. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences.

Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism.

Kasser, T., & [Co-author] (2003). Psychology and consumer culture: The struggle for a good life in a materialistic world.

Kaza, S. (2000). Overcoming the grip of consumerism.

Lane, R. (1994). The road not taken: Friendship, consumerism, and happiness.

Sansone, R., & [Co-author] (2011). The christmas effect on psychopathology. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience.

Solomon, M. R., & [2 Co-authors] (2007). Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being.

Taylor, D. M., & [Co-author] (2015). Healing ourselves and healing the world: Consumerism and the culture of addiction.

Walters, A. (2019). Holiday stress: Thoughts for finding meaning amidst the pressure. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.

Wenell, K. (2009). All consuming Christmas? Religion, culture and challenges of consumption.

The Psychological Power of Art and Creativity: Exploring Why We Create

In this episode of PsyberSpace, hosted by Leslie Poston, we explore the profound psychological impact of art and creativity. Using examples like Dylan Thomas's poem 'Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night' and Maya Angelou's 'Still I Rise,' the episode delves into why art moves us and how creativity nurtures our mental well-being. The discussion touches on how art activates brain reward centers, fosters empathy, and acts as a form of resistance and resilience, especially for marginalized communities. The episode also emphasizes the therapeutic benefits of engaging in creative activities and encourages listeners to incorporate more art and creativity into their daily lives.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
00:26 The Psychological Power of Art and Creativity
00:54 Analyzing Dylan Thomas's Iconic Poem
01:39 The Neuroscience Behind Art's Impact
02:47 Art as a Shared Experience
04:38 The Role of Metaphor in Art
05:32 Art as a Catalyst for Change
07:14 The Therapeutic Power of Creativity
09:31 Creativity in the Digital Age
11:51 Art as Cultural Preservation and Resistance
16:07 Practical Tips for Unleashing Creativity
17:22 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

References and Links

Additional Resources

Poetry Foundation. (n.d.). Poems and poets. https://www.poetryfoundation.org

Poets.org. (n.d.). Poems and poets. https://poets.org
Michael Sheen "Do not go gentle" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-sM-t1KI_Y
Maya Angelou "Still I Rise" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qviM_GnJbOM

Psychology of Art and Creativity

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row.

Dissanayake, E. (1995). Homo aestheticus: Where art comes from and why. University of Washington Press.

Kidd, D. C., & Castano, E. (2013). Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind. Science, 342(6156), 377–380. 

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.

McCrae, R. R., Greenberg, D. M., & Tamir, M. (2009). Aesthetic chills: A review of the empirical literature. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 3(4), 219–228. 

Thibodeau, P. H., & Boroditsky, L. (2011). Metaphors we think with: The role of metaphor in reasoning. PLOS ONE, 6(2), e16782.

Vessel, E. A., Starr, G. G., & Rubin, N. (2012). The brain on art: Intense aesthetic experience activates the default mode network. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 66. 

Winner, E., Goldstein, T. R., & Vincent-Lancrin, S. (2013). Art for art’s sake? The impact of arts education. OECD Publishing.

Zeki, S., Romaya, J. P., Benincasa, D. M. T., & Atiyah, M. F. (2014). The experience of mathematical beauty and its neural correlates. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 68. 

Art Therapy and Mental Health

Malchiodi, C. A. (2012). Handbook of art therapy (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.

Stuckey, H. L., & Nobel, J. (2010). The connection between art, healing, and public health: A review of current literature. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 254–263. 

Poetry and Art References

Angelou, M. (1978). And still I rise. Random House.

Clifton, L. (1993). The book of light. Copper Canyon Press.

Lorde, A. (1978). The black unicorn. W. W. Norton & Company.

Thomas, D. (1952). Do not go gentle into that good night. In Collected poems, 1934–1952. Dent.

Cultural and Historical Context

Baraka, A. (1964). Dutchman and The slave. Harper Perennial.

Simone, N. (1969). To be young, gifted and black [Recorded by Nina Simone]. On Black gold [Album]. RCA Victor.

Evolutionary Psychology

Dissanayake, E. (1992). Homo aestheticus: Where art comes from and why. Free Press.

Close Connections: Exploring Parasocial Relationships on TikTok

Exploring parasocial relationships on TikTok and the psychological dynamics behind them, focusing on the unique aspects of TikTok that intensify one-sided bonds.

00:00 Introduction to Parasocial Relationships
01:12 Evolution of Parasocial Relationships with Technology
02:28 Psychological Appeal of Parasocial Relationships
03:28 Impact of Different Social Media Platforms on Parasocial Relationships
04:50 Visual Nature of Parasocial Relationships on Instagram and YouTube
05:43 Intensification of Parasocial Relationships on TikTok
07:59 TikTok's Role in Personal Transformation and Discovery
10:47 Creating Community and Awareness on TikTok
11:44 Transformative Potential of TikTok Content

Mastering Change Management: Understanding the Psychology Behind Transformation

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston, a marketing executive and research psychologist, tackles the complex topic of change management. Leslie discusses the critical skills needed to manage change in the workplace, explores the psychological reasons behind resistance to change, and examines how different leadership styles can impact change initiatives. The episode also covers the importance of cross-functional collaboration, managing change across different generations, and overcoming resistance. Leslie emphasizes ethical considerations and the need for empathy, communication, and understanding to create successful and inclusive change processes.

Last day to vote for us for Best Psychology Podcast! Vote here. Voting open until October 1, 2024.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
00:34 The Importance of Change Management
01:29 Understanding Human Resistance to Change
03:24 Leadership Styles and Change Management
06:55 Managing Change Without Formal Authority
10:16 Fostering Collaboration During Change
13:53 Cross-Generational Change Management
17:00 Overcoming Resistance to Change
20:01 Ethical Considerations in Change Management
24:22 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Decoding Morality: Vertical vs. Horizontal Morality and Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivations

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the complexities of our moral compass by exploring the dimensions of vertical versus horizontal morality and intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation. Through real-life scenarios and psychological theories, the episode examines how our upbringing, cultural background, and neurological processes influence our ethical decisions. Additionally, the discussion offers practical insights into how understanding these moral frameworks can improve communication, conflict resolution, and personal well-being in both personal and professional settings.

00:00 Introduction to Moral Frameworks
01:23 Understanding Vertical and Horizontal Morality
05:59 Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
09:18 The Neuroscience of Moral Decision-Making
11:53 Clashing Moral Systems
13:33 Moral Education and Future Generations
15:31 The Impact of Technology on Morality
18:02 Applying Moral Insights in Daily Life
19:47 Conclusion and Reflection

References underpinning this episode:

Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: The medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(4), 268-277. 

Bicchieri, C., & Muldoon, R. (2011). Social norms. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 

Blasi, A. (1980). Bridging moral cognition and moral action: A critical review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 88(1), 1-45. 

Decety, J., & Cowell, J. M. (2014). Friends or foes: Is empathy necessary for moral behavior? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(5), 525-537.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. 

Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., & Fuller, D. (1992). Moral maturity: Measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. 

Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 55-130. 

Greene, J. D. (2015). The rise of moral cognition. Cognition, 135, 39-42. 

Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Pantheon.

Huesmann, L. R., & Guerra, N. G. (1997). Children's normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 408-419. 

Keltner, D., & Kogan, A. (2014). The science of compassion: Origins, measures, and interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 287-313. 

Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. Harper & Row.

Narvaez, D. (2010). Moral complexity: The fatal attraction of truthiness and the importance of mature moral functioning. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(2), 163-181.

Rest, J. R. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. 

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. 

Schwartz, S. H., & Rubel-Lifschitz, T. (2009). Cross-national variation in the size of sex differences in values: Effects of gender equality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 171-185. 

Smetana, J. G. (2006). Social-cognitive domain theory: Consistencies and variations in children's moral and social judgments. In M. Killen & J. G. Smetana (Eds.), Handbook of moral development (pp. 119-153).

Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372. 

Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Bartels, J. M. (2007). Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), 56-66. 

Vohs, K. D., & Schooler, J. W. (2008). The value of believing in free will: Encouraging a belief in determinism increases cheating. Psychological Science, 19(1), 49-54. 

Welch, M. R., Rivera, R. E. N., Conway, B. P., Yonkoski, J., Lupton, P. M., & Giancola, R. (2005). Deterring delinquents: A rational choice model of theft and violence. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 95-122. 

Yarkoni, T., & Westfall, J. (2017). Choosing prediction over explanation in psychology: Lessons from machine learning. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(6), 1100-1122. 

Invisible Strings: The Hidden Power of Anticipatory Compliance in Shaping Minds

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores 'anticipatory compliance'—a phenomenon where individuals conform to expectations in advance, often under the influence of propaganda or social pressures. Leslie delves into how anticipatory compliance shapes individual behavior, political landscapes, and societal norms, examining historical and contemporary examples, the media's role, and the impact of social media algorithms. The episode also discusses the consequences of non-conformity and offers strategies for building resilience against manipulative influences.

00:00 Introduction

00:57 Defining anticipatory compliance

01:47 Mechanics of anticipatory compliance

03:44 The media's role in shaping compliance

06:32 Historical media influence examples

06:57 Social media and real-time propaganda

09:53 Consequences of non-conformity

12:29 Building resilience against manipulative influence

14:29 Individuals and communities in shaping resistance

16:25 Conclusion

Understanding the Psychology Behind the Spread of Misinformation

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host and media psychologist Leslie Poston digs into the psychological mechanisms that drive the spread of misinformation. Exploring the impacts of misinformation in contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 US presidential election, and climate change denial, Poston highlights the role of cognitive biases like confirmation bias, availability heuristic, and cognitive dissonance. The episode also examines the emotional and memory factors in the perpetuation of false beliefs and the intentional spread of misinformation by those with deceptive traits. Additionally, it discusses the social dynamics within online and offline communities and effective strategies, including education, fact-checking, and technological interventions, to combat misinformation.

Vote for this show for Best Psychology Podcast! Voting open until October 1st 2024.

00:00 Introduction to Misinformation
00:42 Real-World Examples of Misinformation
02:17 Psychological Mechanisms Behind Misinformation
02:39 Cognitive Biases and Misinformation
05:10 Emotional Influence on Misinformation
06:07 Memory and Misinformation
07:33 Intentional Spread of Misinformation
12:11 Social Dynamics and Misinformation
15:24 Combating Misinformation: Strategies and Solutions
19:44 Technological and Community-Based Solutions
26:14 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Navigating the Digital Classroom: The Psychological Impact of Technology in Education

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the psychological impact of technology on education. The discussion spans AI-enhanced learning, neuroeducation, the challenges of balancing screen time, and the ethical implications of data privacy and equitable access. Key points include the benefits of personalized AI learning systems, the promise of neuroeducation, the risks of excessive screen time, and the evolving role of teachers. The episode also explores the gamification of education, the rise of VR in classrooms, and the challenge of AI-assisted cheating. Ultimately, it emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that leverages technology while preserving the irreplaceable elements of human interaction and emotional intelligence in education.

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00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
01:14 AI in the Classroom: Benefits and Challenges
03:00 Neuroeducation: Brain-Based Learning
05:07 The Dark Side of Screen Time
06:54 Teachers vs. Technology: Finding Balance
10:26 Ethical Considerations in EdTech
12:52 The Cheating Conundrum: AI and Academic Integrity
15:40 Virtual Reality in Education
17:31 Gamification: Leveling Up Learning
19:23 Conclusion: The Future of Education

Navigating and Transforming Toxic Workplaces

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs into the pervasive issue of toxic workplaces. The discussion covers identifying toxic behaviors such as micromanagement, harassment, and discriminatory practices and their detrimental effects on mental and physical health. The role of leadership, particularly toxic leaders, and their impact on workplace culture is highlighted. Strategies for survival and transformation are provided, including building a support network, maintaining strong boundaries, and possibly leaving the toxic environment. The complexities of discrimination, including sexism, racism, and disability discrimination, are also addressed, along with the importance of reporting mechanisms and organizational change. Listeners are encouraged to recognize signs of toxicity, take protective actions, and strive for real change within their workplaces.

00:00 Introduction to Toxic Workplaces
00:45 Recognizing Toxic Behaviors
01:59 Impact of Toxic Work Environments
02:35 Role of Leadership in Workplace Toxicity
03:48 Toxicity at Different Organizational Levels
06:29 Discrimination and Workplace Toxicity
11:07 Surviving a Toxic Workplace
14:42 Weaponized Performance Improvement Plans
18:43 Reporting Toxic Behavior
22:30 Psychological Dynamics of Workplace Change
26:03 Strategies for Preventing Toxic Workplaces
29:23 Conclusion and Call to Action

Amal Masri on LinkedIn (Never Go to a Second Location framework)

Selection of Research:

•  Appelbaum, S.H., Deguire, K.J. and Lay, M. (2005), "The relationship of ethical climate to deviant workplace behaviour", Corporate Governance, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 43-55. 
• Barrie E. Litzky, Kimberly A. Eddleston, and Deborah L. Kidder, 2006: The Good, the Bad, and the Misguided: How Managers Inadvertently Encourage Deviant Behaviors. AMP, 20, 91–103
• Higgins, P. (2024). “I don’t even recognize myself anymore”: An autoethnography of workplace bullying in higher education. Power and Education, 16(1), 29-41.
• MOORE, C., DETERT, J.R., KLEBE TREVIÑO, L., BAKER, V.L. and MAYER, D.M. (2012), WHY EMPLOYEES DO BAD THINGS: MORAL DISENGAGEMENT AND UNETHICAL ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. Personnel Psychology, 65: 1-48.
•  Moore, C., & Gino, F. (2015). Approach, Ability, Aftermath: A Psychological Process Framework of Unethical Behavior at Work. The Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 235–289. 
• Singh, P. & Twalo, T.G. (2015) Mismanaging Unethical Behaviour in the Workplace. Journal of Applied Business Research. DOI: 10.19030/jabr.v31i2.9150
• Webb EM, Kohi MP. How to Navigate Toxic Behaviors at Work. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Dec;16(12):1723-1725. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.06.013. Epub 2019 Jul 9. PMID: 31299248.
• YIKILMAZ, A. P. D. Ü. İ. (2023) WORRYING WORKPLACE TREND: TOXIC RESILIENCE. Business Journal of the 2nd International Paris Social Sciences Congress

The Psychology Behind New Year's Resolutions and Lasting Change

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the psychology behind New Year's resolutions and why many people abandon them by February. Discussing neuroscience and behavioral psychology, Leslie examines how our brains resist change and the significance of setting realistic, intrinsic goals. The episode highlights the importance of flexibility, self-compassion, and the role of environmental cues. It also debunks the myth of January 1st as the optimal start date, emphasizing readiness and strategic planning over arbitrary timing. Cultural perspectives on gradual change and the effectiveness of habit formation apps are also explored, providing listeners with science-backed strategies for achieving meaningful, lasting transformation.

00:00 Introduction and Overview
00:24 The Psychology of New Year's Resolutions
01:34 Understanding Habit Formation
05:42 Effective Goal Setting Strategies
08:27 The Role of Environment in Habit Formation
13:01 Cultural Perspectives on Change
15:45 Technology and Habit Formation
18:22 Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Understanding Generational Dynamics: Conflicts, Stereotypes, and Cooperation

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the intricate world of generational dynamics. Leslie explains how every generation is shaped by distinct historical and societal events, affecting their values and behaviors. The episode covers the characteristics and conflicts among Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Gen Z, highlighting the influence of economic factors, media portrayals, and psychological theories on these intergenerational clashes. Leslie also explores ways to bridge these divides through various collaborative initiatives and anticipates the future impact of Generation Alpha. The episode underscores the importance of understanding and embracing generational diversity to foster a more dynamic and cohesive society.

00:00 Introduction to Generational Dynamics

01:01 Understanding Generational Identity

01:20 Baby Boomers: The Work-Centric Generation

01:45 Generation X: The Skeptical Bridge

02:11 Millennials: The Digital Natives

02:44 Generation Z: The Pragmatic Activists

03:21 Theoretical Frameworks and Historical Context

04:48 Economic Influences on Generational Perspectives

07:08 Media's Role in Shaping Generational Views

10:09 Psychosocial Development and Generational Conflict

13:34 Intergenerational Cooperation and Mentorship

16:15 Looking Ahead: Generation Alpha

18:28 Conclusion and Future Topics

The Psychology of Hope: Understanding Its Power and Impact

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston delves into the concept of hope, exploring its definition, neurological basis, and significant psychological benefits. The discussion covers pioneering theories by CR Snyder, recent neurological studies on the brain's activity during hopeful thoughts, and the impact of hope on mental and physical health, academic and professional success, and social resilience. Leslie also highlights the interplay between hope and joy and provides evidence-based strategies for cultivating hope in daily life. The episode concludes by emphasizing hope's vital role in driving positive social change and encourages listeners to practice hope actively.

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00:00 Introduction to the Psychology of Hope
00:42 Understanding Hope: Definitions and Theories
02:50 The Neuroscience of Hope
05:06 Psychological and Physical Benefits of Hope
08:59 Hope in Social Movements and Collective Action
13:00 The Interplay Between Hope and Joy
15:23 Cultivating Hope: Strategies and Practices
19:17 Conclusion and Final Thoughts
20:03 Housekeeping and Exciting News

Understanding Psychopaths and Sociopaths: Traits, Impacts, and Interactions

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the complex and often misunderstood personality types of psychopaths and sociopaths. The discussion delves into how these individuals navigate through life and the distinct behaviors that characterize them. It highlights the dangers when such individuals rise to positions of power, particularly in corporate and political environments, and the impact they can have on organizations and society. The episode also covers practical strategies for dealing with psychopathic personalities in different settings, emphasizing the importance of boundaries, documentation, and emotional distance. Listeners are encouraged to reflect on how this knowledge could influence their views on leadership and personal relationships.

00:00 Introduction to Psychopaths and Sociopaths
01:10 Defining Psychopaths and Sociopaths
02:55 Corporate Psychopaths: The Hidden Dangers
05:20 Psychopaths in Personal Relationships
08:02 Psychopaths in Positions of Power
13:01 Therapeutic Approaches and Challenges
15:21 Practical Strategies for Dealing with Psychopaths
17:06 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

References:

• Anderson, J. L., Sellbom, M., Wygant, D. B., Salekin, R., & Krueger, R. (2014). Examining the associations between DSM-5 section III antisocial personality disorder traits and psychopathy in community and university samples. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 1-23.
• Babiak, P., & Hare, R. D. (2015). Snakes in suits: When psychopaths go to work. Harper Business.
• Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 174-193.
• Boddy, C. R. (2015). Organisational psychopaths: A ten year update. Management Decision, 53(10), 2407-2432.
• Boddy, C. R., Taplin, R., Sheehy, B., & Murphy, B. (2021). Finding psychopaths in white-collar jobs: A review of the evidence and why it matters. Society and Business Review, 16(2), 170-184.
• Cooke, D. J., Hart, S. D., Logan, C., & Michie, C. (2012). Explicating the construct of psychopathy: Development and validation of a conceptual model, the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(4), 242-252.
• Dutton, K. (2012). The wisdom of psychopaths: What saints, spies, and serial killers can teach us about success. Scientific American.
• Garofalo, C., Eisenbarth, H., & Shane, M. S. (2022). All walks of life: Editorial for the special issue on "The impact of psychopathy: Multidisciplinary and applied perspectives." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology.
• Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2010). Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: A neurobiological model. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 194-210.
• Hart, S. D. (1998). The role of psychopathy in assessing risk for violence: Conceptual and methodological issues. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 3(1), 121-137.
• Henning, J. B., & Wygant, D. B. (2014). Mapping the darkness and finding the light: DSM-5 and assessment of the "corporate psychopath". Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 7(1), 144-148.
• Kiehl, K. A., & Hoffman, M. B. (2011). The criminal psychopath: History, neuroscience, treatment, and economics. Jurimetrics, 51, 355-397.
• Landay, K., Harms, P. D., & Credé, M. (2019). Shall we serve the dark lords? A meta-analytic review of psychopathy and leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(1), 183-196.
• Leistedt, S. J., Braun, S., Coumans, N., & Linkowski, P. (2009). Psychopathy: From "The Mask of Sanity" to social neurosciences. Revue Medicale de Bruxelles, 30(6), 577-587.
• Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., & Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 489-505.
• Mealey, L. (1995). The sociobiology of sociopathy: An integrated evolutionary model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18(3), 523-541.
• Ogloff, J. R. P. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(6-7), 519-528.
• Patrick, C. J. (2007). Handbook of psychopathy. Guilford Press.
• Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Toward a taxonomy of dark personalities. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(6), 421-426.
• Reid, W. H. (1986). Unmasking the psychopath: Antisocial personality and related syndromes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143(11), 1452-1453.
• Rogstad, J. E., & Rogers, R. (2008). Gender differences in contributions of emotion to psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(8), 1472-1484.
• Skeem, J. L., Polaschek, D. L., Patrick, C. J., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic personality: Bridging the gap between scientific evidence and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12(3), 95-162.
• Spytska, L. (2024). Symptoms and main differences between a psychopath and a sociopath. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.
• Strickland, C. M., Drislane, L. E., Lucy, M., Krueger, R. F., & Patrick, C. J. (2013). Characterizing psychopathy using DSM-5 personality traits. Assessment, 20(3), 327-338.
• van Dongen, J. D. M. (2020). The empathic brain of psychopaths: From social science to neuroscience in empathy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 695.
• Venables, N. C., Hall, J. R., & Patrick, C. J. (2013). Differentiating psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder: A triarchic model perspective. Psychological Medicine, 43(9), 1899-1910.
• Wallace, L., Heym, N., Sumich, A., & Fido, D. (2020). A systematic review on the current conceptualisations of successful psychopathy. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law.
• Walsh, A., & Wu, H. (2008). Differentiating antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, and sociopathy: Evolutionary, genetic, neurological, and sociological considerations. Criminal Justice Studies, 21(2), 135-152.
• Warren, J. I., & South, S. C. (2006). Comparing the constructs of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in a sample of incarcerated women. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 24(1), 1-20.
• Wellons, S. (2012). The devil in the boardroom: Corporate psychopaths and their impact on business. Pure Insights, 1(1), 42-45.
• Werner, K. B., Few, L. R., & Bucholz, K. K. (2015). Epidemiology, comorbidity, and behavioral genetics of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy. Psychiatric Annals, 45(4), 195-199.
• Yildirim, B. O., & Derksen, J. J. (2013). Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(7), 1254-1296.

The Psychology of Likability and Politeness as Social Control

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the intricate and often controversial dynamics of likability, politeness, and professionalism. Focusing on their roles as tools of control, the episode delves into how these constructs influence power dynamics across race, gender, and age, particularly in the American context. Various studies and research are highlighted, examining how societal norms perpetuate biases and inequalities, impacting minority groups and women disproportionately. The episode also discusses the psychological aspects of these social expectations and their pervasive influence on personal and professional lives. Strategies for challenging and redefining these norms to foster inclusivity and diversity are explored, encouraging a reevaluation of how likability and professionalism are judged.

00:00 Introduction to Social Power Dynamics

01:41 The Psychology of Likability and Control

02:50 Politeness and Professionalism as Tools of Control

04:59 Whiteness and the Need for Approval

07:47 Generational and Gender Dynamics

11:28 Consequences of Non-Conformity

15:58 Breaking Free from Social Constraints

18:27 Conclusion and Further Reading

Resilience and Coping Strategies During Turbulent Times

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston, a business strategist and research psychologist, explores coping strategies to foster resilience and understanding during periods of stress and uncertainty, such as the volatile election period in the United States. Drawing on recent scientific research, Leslie discusses the importance of belief systems, mindfulness, communal coping, and emotional regulation. She highlights practical ways to implement these strategies in daily life to maintain relationships, manage stress, and build community resilience. The episode also addresses the differential impact of turbulent times on marginalized communities and offers actionable steps for personal and communal support, workplace resilience, and civic engagement.

00:00 Introduction to Coping Strategies
01:32 Understanding Belief Systems and Resilience
02:25 Mindfulness and Positive Emotions
03:47 Practical Mindfulness Techniques
04:14 Building Personal Resilience
06:56 Maintaining Relationships During Turbulent Times
09:10 Supporting Marginalized Communities
11:54 Workplace Resilience Strategies
17:30 Community Engagement and Volunteering
19:43 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

Welcome to PsyberSpace! Meet your host, Leslie, and get a preview of upcoming topics.

Harnessing Fast and Slow Thinking in the Digital Age

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores key concepts from Daniel Kahneman's book, Thinking, Fast and Slow, to understand how our cognitive processes, specifically System 1 and System 2 thinking, impact various aspects of our digital and real-world experiences. System 1 is characterized by fast, automatic responses, while System 2 involves more deliberate and analytical thought processes. The episode delves into how these systems influence our interaction with social media, decision-making, consumer behavior, political discourse, information handling, cybersecurity, education, mental health, and more. Through examining these concepts, the show aims to provide insights into improving personal decision-making and fostering a more thoughtful society. Leslie Poston encourages listeners to recognize when they are using System 1 or System 2 thinking and to strive for a balance between the two to navigate the complexities of modern life more effectively.

00:00 Welcome to Cyberspace: An Introduction
00:19 Exploring Kahneman's Cognitive Insights
00:48 The Dynamics of Fast and Slow Thinking
02:16 Social Media Through the Lens of Fast Thinking
03:12 Analyzing Information in the Digital Age
03:44 Marketing, Crises, and Political Discourse: System One at Work
05:33 Online Identities and Cybersecurity: The Role of Cognitive Systems
07:15 Education, Mental Health, and Consumer Behavior Insights
08:40 Challenging Cultural Biases and Enhancing Decision Making
10:10 Applying Kahneman's Theories in the Workplace and Beyond
11:45 Conclusion: The Importance of Balancing Fast and Slow Thinking

Unseen Bonds: The Psychology of Mass Delusion in Extremist Groups

In this episode of 'PsyberSpace', host Leslie Poston dives into the psychology of mass delusion in extremist groups. Covering historical and modern examples, Leslie explores how xenophobic organizations, extremist religious movements, authoritarian entities, and even think tanks manipulate collective beliefs to enforce their agendas. The discussion includes the historical context, psychological mechanisms, specific tactics used by cults, and the role of media and propaganda in shaping public opinion and spreading misinformation. Practical strategies to recognize and resist these manipulative tactics are also discussed.

00:00 Introduction

00:43 Historical Context of Mass Delusion

01:19 Modern Applications of Psychological Tactics

03:53 Psychological Mechanisms Behind Mass Delusion

02:48 Case Studies of Historical Mass Delusion

07:17 Modern Examples of Mass Delusion

10:44 Psychology of Cult Recruitment and Indoctrination

13:47 Role of Media and Propaganda

17:51 Combating Mass Delusion

PsyberSpace: Mastering Essential Digital Literacies for a Resilient Future

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston explores the essential literacies needed to navigate the modern digital landscape. These include media literacy, information literacy, AI verification literacy, and digital literacy. The discussion covers the historical context and the significant impact these skills have on personal and societal levels, such as discerning misinformation and enhancing civic engagement. Key topics include media reliability, digital security, the Digital Literacy Ecosystem, and the digital resilience index (DRI). Leslie also addresses future challenges like sophisticated AI misinformation and the importance of adaptive literacy skills. Listeners are encouraged to engage with the content and provide feedback to help refine these evolving concepts.

00:00 Introduction to PsyberSpace
01:09 The Importance of Media Literacy
04:22 Understanding Information Literacy
07:03 Emerging Need for AI Verification Literacy
10:32 Navigating Digital Literacy
12:51 The Importance of Digital Literacy for Older Adults
13:34 Interconnected Literacies: A Comprehensive Skillset
14:34 Emerging Technologies and Digital Literacy
15:48 Introducing the Digital Literacy Ecosystem
18:11 Enhancing Digital Literacies: Resources and Strategies
20:38 Challenges and Future Directions in Digital Literacy
22:19 Developing the Digital Resilience Index
25:09 Conclusion and Call to Action

Unpacking the Psychological Tactics and Impact of Gaslighting

In this episode of PsyberSpace, hosted by Leslie Poston, the focus is on the psychological manipulation tactic known as gaslighting. The discussion covers the origins, mechanisms, and impacts of gaslighting across various contexts including personal relationships, workplaces, and political arenas. It includes insights into the psychological damage caused by gaslighting, supported by academic research, and offers strategies for recognizing, addressing, and preventing this form of abuse. Additionally, the episode explores the role of media, both traditional and social, in perpetuating gaslighting, as well as the potential for technology and community interventions to support victims.

00:00 Introduction to Gaslighting
01:13 Origins and Definition of Gaslighting
02:09 Psychological Mechanisms and Impact
04:24 Gaslighting in Relationships
08:39 Workplace Gaslighting
13:23 Political and Public Gaslighting
17:19 Gaslighting in Media and Advertising
25:27 Mental Health and Gaslighting
33:49 Breaking the Cycle of Gaslighting
41:31 Conclusion and Final Thoughts