Forward Thinking (McKinsey Global Institute)

Co-host Janet Bush talks with Homi Kharas. Kharas is a senior fellow in the Center for Sustainable Development at the Brookings Institution and also cofounder of World Data Lab. He studies policies and trends influencing developing countries, the emergence of the world's middle class, and global governance. He's collaborated with the McKinsey Global Institute on research into consumers in emerging markets and economic empowerment, and his latest book is The Rise of the Global Middle Class: How the Search for the Good Life Can Change The World.

In this podcast, he covers topics including the following:

• How the character of the world’s middle classes is changing
• How the middle classes shape our world
• What becoming middle class means for a household
• The role of the middle class in climate change
• How AI may affect the middle class

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Co-host Michael Chui talks with Justin Adams. Adams is the head of partnerships at Just Climate, a climate-led investment business. he answers questions, including:

• How does nature or the ecosystem provide services to the economy?
• How much needs to be invested in nature?
• What role can capitalism play in addressing issues around sustainability?
• What kind of innovations have real potential to mitigate carbon emissions?

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Co-host Michael Chui talks with Nouriel Roubini. Roubini is professor emeritus of economics at the Stern School of Business at New York University, and CEO of Roubini Macro Associates, a global macroeconomics consultancy. He covers topics including the following:

• The “mother of all” debt crises and what to do about it
• Likely future trends in the global balance sheet—the world’s economic health and wealth
• The trajectory of globalization
• Which “megathreat” worries him most

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with Ed Glaeser, the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University. His latest book, coauthored with health economist David Cutler, is Survival of the city: The future of urban life in an age of isolation, written to make sense of what might be the impact of the pandemic on cities. They covers topics including:

•    Has the pandemic changed cities temporarily or permanently?
•    What does the hybrid building look like? 
•    Do developing world cities teach us something new? 
•    How can homelessness be tackled? 

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with economist Dany Bahar. He is an associate professor of practice of international and public affairs at Brown University’s Watson Institute and a senior fellow of the Growth Lab at the Harvard Center for International Development. He’s also a nonresident fellow at the Brookings Institution and the Center for Global Development. Two themes stand out in his work: the diffusion of technology and knowledge, and migration. In this podcast, Bahar covers topics including the following:

• Why some countries are rich and some are poor
• The role of people on the move in spreading knowledge and raising productivity
• The opportunity of Ukraine’s refugee diaspora
• How companies can reap rewards by integrating migrants

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with Stephen King. King is a senior economic advisor to HSBC, having served as the bank’s group chief economist from 1998 to 2015. His latest book, very prescient in timing, is We Need to Talk About Inflation: 14 Urgent Lessons from the Last 2,000 Years. In this podcast, he covers topics including the following:

• The root causes of the current resurgence of inflation
• How long higher inflation may persist
• What history tells us about the management of inflation
• The main economic problem that lies ahead
• Why inflation matters

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with Justin Yifu Lin. Lin is dean of the Institute of New Structural Economics, dean of the Institute of South-South Cooperation and Development, and professor and honorary dean of the National School of Development at Peking University. He served as chief economist at the World Bank from 2008 to 2012, and he actually took up his World Bank position after serving for 15 years as professor and founding director of the China Center for Economic Research at Peking University. In this podcast, he covers topics including the following:

• What is new structural economics?
• How can emerging economies catch up?
• Is globalization going into reverse?
• Will the economies of China and Asia maintain momentum?

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with Andrew J. Scott. Scott is professor of economics at London Business School; his work focuses on the economics of longevity. He's co-founder of the Longevity Forum and a member of the World Economic Forum's Council on Healthy Aging and Longevity, topics that are very much the focus of the McKinsey Health Institute. His book The 100-Year Life has sold more than a million copies in 15 languages. In this podcast, he covers topics including the following:

• What benefits could greater longevity offer to economies?
• Redefining retirement
• What could be done to help people live healthier for longer

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In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward Thinking podcast, Janet Bush talks with Jessica Fanzo. Fanzo is the Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Global Food Policy and Ethics at the Berman Institute of Bioethics, the Bloomberg
School of Public Health, and the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University in the United States. From 2017 to 2019, Fanzo served as the co-chair of the Global Nutrition Report and the UN High Level Panel of Experts
on Food Security and Nutrition. She was the first laureate of the Carasso Foundation’s Premio Daniel Carasso prize in 2012 for her research on sustainable
food and diets for long-term human health.

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In this episode, co-host Michael Chui talks with Nicholas Bloom. Bloom is the William Eberle Professor of Economics at Stanford University and a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. He covers topics including the following:

• The history of remote work
• How remote work can enhance productivity
• What practices make hybrid work most effective
• How the views of employers and employees compare on working remotely

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The UNDP’s Pedro Conceição talks about today’s global gridlock, uncertainty complex, and a pervasive sense of disempowerment.

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with Marco Buti. Buti holds the Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Chair in European Economic and Monetary Integration at the European University Institute. They cover topics including the following:

• The evolution of European policy coordination
• European competitiveness
• Whether Europe’s business model is sustainable
• The need of more speed among European companies in frontier technologies
• The importance of Europe’s capital markets union

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Cohost Janet Bush talks with Carlos Lopes. He is a professor in the Mandela School of Public Governance at the University of Cape Town. He’s also an affiliate professor at Sciences Po, Paris, an associate fellow in the Africa Program at Chatham House, and a member of the African Union reform team. Lopes was the policy director for UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and executive secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Africa. He serves as an advisor on MGI’s research on Africa, including our latest report, which discusses the continent’s human capital and natural resources and how they can help to accelerate productivity and reimagine Africa’s economic growth. His views are his own. In this podcast, he covers topics including the following:

• The factors constraining Africa’s potential
• The promise of AI for Africa
• The threat and opportunity of climate change for Africa

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A former US deputy chief technology officer talks about how digitization can be used to create a government that works for the people.

Jennifer Pahlka is the founder of Code for America, served as the United States government’s deputy chief technology officer, and is author of the book Recoding America: Why Government Is Failing in the Digital Age and How We Can Do Better. Jenn joins us to share her personal reflections of her time in government and the path forward.

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Co-host Michael Chui talks with Nan Ransohoff. Ransohoff is the head of climate at Stripe and leads Frontier, an advanced market commitment for carbon removal. She answers questions including:

• Is carbon removal a get out of jail free card for emitters?
• What are the most promising carbon removal technologies?
• Is it possible to scale up effective technologies quick enough?
• How much do costs need to come down before scaling is possible?
• What is an advanced market commitment?

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Co-host Janet Bush talks with Ann Mettler. Mettler is Vice President, Europe, at Breakthrough Energy, working on cleantech innovation in pursuit of a net-zero-emissions future. Before her current role, she worked for many years in European public policy. She was head of the European Political Strategy Center, the in-house think tank of the European Commission, from 2014 to 2019. In this podcast, she covers topics including the following:

• Investing for climate impact
• The challenges in Europe’s clean energy technological ecosystem
• Useful innovation beyond new products
• The new priority of energy security accelerating the net-zero transition

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Leading economists Mike Spence and Mohamed El-Erian talk about the “pretty complicated and disorienting environment” we face. 

In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward thinking podcast, co-host Michael Chui talks with A. Michael Spence, dean emeritus of the Stanford Graduate School of Business, and Mohamed El-Erian, president of Queens’ College Cambridge and chief economic advisor at Allianz. Together with former UK Chancellor of the Exchequer and Prime Minister Gordon Brown, they have leveraged decades of experience to explore the question “Is the world in a state of permacrisis?” 

In this podcast, the guests touch on the following:  
•    How the New Zealand central bank came up with 2 percent as an arbitrary inflation target, which was then adopted by the central banks of major economies around the world. 
•    How the Queen of the United Kingdom asked a room full of economists why they hadn’t seen the Great Financial Crisis coming. 
•    How finance hijacked growth strategies, leading to 20 lost years of thinking about how to promote productivity and high, durable, inclusive growth. 

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In this podcast, economist Alan Taylor covers how history can provide a lens into trends in globalization and wealth and the long-term impact of pandemics.

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Leading economist Chad Syverson speculates about the ingredients in productivity’s secret sauce.

In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward thinking podcast, co-host Janet Bush talks with Chad Syverson. Syverson is George C. Tiao Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. His work focuses on the interactions between firm structure, market structure, and productivity.

In this podcast, he covers topics including the following: 

• Why productivity is important
• How the world economy is doing on productivity
• What major themes of our age, from the path to net zero to trade fragmentation and aging, could impact productivity
• The potential role of AI to change the game for productivity
• How productivity growth is diffused

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Janet Bush talks with Chad P. Bown. Bown is Reginald Jones Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. They cover topics including:

• How contentious current trading relationships are in the context of history
• Is the world deglobalizing or not?
• The economic and human cost of decoupling

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In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward Thinking podcast, co-host Michael Chui talks with Jayshree Seth, a corporate scientist and the chief science advocate at the 3M company. She covers topics including:

How the human context can be brought into the practice of science and engineering

Expanding talent pipelines into STEM fields

The role of leadership in technical fields

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Co-host Michael Chui talks with economist Hans-Helmut Kotz who is a visiting professor of economics at Harvard University, a senior policy fellow at the Leibniz Institute for financial research at Goethe University, Frankfurt, and on the economics faculty of Freiburg University. Kotz covers topics including the following:

• Parallels between the 2007–09 global financial crisis and today’s financial turbulence.
• The balance that banking regulators need to strike to protect the economy but encourage innovation.
• Being prepared by taking eclectic perspectives.

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Co-host Michael Chui talks with business professor Ethan Mollick. He is an associate professor at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Mollick covers topics including the following:

• What is generative AI?
• How substantial are the performance improvements workers can gain from using generative AI
• How to use human management skills to get better results from generative AI
• What generative AI means for the future of work and trust
• What he learned when he made the use of generative AI mandatory in his classes

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Co-host Michael Chui talks with Andy McAfee. McAfee is a principal research scientist at the MIT Sloan School of Management, co-founder and co-director of MIT’s initiative on the digital economy, and the inaugural visiting fellow at the Technology in Society organization at Google. 

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Cohost Michael Chui talks with Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, both professors of public policy and economics at the University of Michigan. They cover topics including the following:

• Subjective well-being
• How the labor market has evolved since the pandemic
• A decline in inequality
• The potential impact of AI
• Why write a new economics text book?

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We ask these questions (and more) to Sir Chris Pissarides, He’s a Nobel prize-winning economist, the professor of economics at London School of Economics, and professor of European studies at the University of Cyprus. Chris specializes in labor markets, macroeconomic policy, economic growth, and structural change.

This conversation was recorded in February 2021.

To read a transcript of this episode, visit: mck.co/forwardthinking

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As part of Black History Month, MGI co-chair James Manyika had an open, candid conversation with Mellody Hobson and an audience of McKinsey colleagues in the San Francisco office. “You can almost pick any arena you want in American business, society, and community, and I think you’ll probably find Mellody involved, playing some important pioneering role there.” From her childhood on the South Side of Chicago, to Princeton, to leading Ariel Investments and now chairing the board of Starbucks, Mellody Hobson is an inspirational business leader and investor. She shares her journey, a peek into her how she sees her work, and gives advice on mentorship, sponsorship, and difficult feedback. On that note, she says: “Accept it, do not push back, do not fight. If this feedback is a gift, take it for what it is.”

This conversation was recorded on February 21, 2020.

To read a transcript of this episode, visit: mck.co/mellodyhobson

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You’ve heard about the Industrial Revolution and the digital revolution. But now, we’re heading into a Bio Revolution. And this is going to transform the economy and society in many ways—even beyond health and agriculture. And we need to understand both the potential for good and how to avoid the pitfalls.

In this episode, we start with a picture of the science that’s happening, then explore where might these advances lead. Our guests are two people doing truly amazing work literally on the very frontiers of where these advances are taking place. Jason Kelly is the founder of Ginkgo Bioworks, a biotech company that describes itself as “the organism company.” And Dr. Michelle McMurry-Heath is the president and CEO of the Biological Innovation Organization (BIO).

Interview date: November 2020

To read more about the Bio Revolution, visit: mck.co/biorev To read a transcript of this episode, visit: mck.co/forwardthinking

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The Bio Revolution has the potential to transform our lives, and genome editing—the ability to change the DNA sequence in a targeted way using CRISPR-Cas9, is one of the key innovations that has sparked imaginations while also raising its fair share of controversy. What is the origin of this technique? How do we weigh the enormous benefits against the potential risks? And what is its role in solving the global coronavirus pandemic? As part of the McKinsey Global Institute’s research on the Bio Revolution, partner Michael Chui spoke with Jennifer Doudna, PhD, one of the scientists who discovered the genome-editing technique CRISPR-Cas9 and leading proponent of its responsible use. Jennifer is a professor of molecular and cell biology and chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. The Doudna lab pursues a mechanistic understanding of fundamental biological processes involving RNA molecules.

To read a transcript of this episode, visit: mck.co/3dEJWhJ

To read more about the Bio Revolution, visit: mck.co/biorev

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Diane Coyle is known for her critique of how economic activity has been measured and valued. She’s written about how transactions are counted in dollars, but that accounting really leaves out important things like physical resources, intellectual resources, and valuable activity that isn't traded for money.

In this episode, we speak to hear to understand more about why this matters, how to rectify this measurement, and whether she’s optimistic about the future after COVID-19.

This conversation was recorded in February 2021.

To read a transcript of this episode, visit: mck.co/forwardthinking

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In this episode of Forward Thinking, we’ll hear an interview with one of the leading technology strategists in the world: Kevin Scott. Kevin is the chief technology officer and vice president of artificial intelligence and research at Microsoft. He also has a new book out called Reprogramming the American Dream.

The interview is conducted by MGI’s own James Manyika, who is a co-chairman and director of the McKinsey Global Institute, and a senior partner at McKinsey & Company. He’s also a deep expert in his own right when it comes to artificial intelligence and machine learning. That’s why James sat down with Kevin to discuss how AI might be the key to democratizing technology to work better for all of us.

This conversation was recorded in May 2020.

To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/forwardthinking

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There’s a lot of talk right now about artificial intelligence, or AI, and what it means for global competition. Today’s conversation features somebody you probably don’t know yet but probably should. He’s famous in certain corners of the internet but his work, it turns out, is relevant everywhere. MGI research suggests that while there’s AI happening all around the world, there are two places where the most AI development is taking place, and it’s the US and China.

What’s interesting about that is that while a lot of the Chinese AI developers are reading and even coauthoring English-language papers, very few Western AI practitioners are able to keep up with the flow of information in the Chinese language, even when a lot of it is published openly. It’s almost like a one-way mirror—and this asymmetry might seem strange in a field where a lot of the work is openly available on the internet. But our guest, Jeffrey Ding, has been helping to make sure more AI information flows back from China to the West.

This episode’s guest, Jeffrey Ding, is a PhD Candidate in international relations at the University of Oxford and a pre-doctoral fellow at Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation, sponsored by Stanford’s Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. He is also a research affiliate with the Centre for the Governance of AI at the University of Oxford.

This conversation was recorded in March 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/forwardthinking

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The conversation focuses in on how we make growth happen in a world of technological change that is largely disrupting labor markets. As Daron puts it, “I believe that the political economy of growth ... and technology, automation, AI—those [things] are intimately connected.” The influential economist connects the dots between artificial intelligence, productivity, wages, and inequality, and how to counterbalance the impacts of automation.

This conversation was recorded in April 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/daron

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This conversation was recorded in June 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/lauratyson

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This conversation was recorded in May 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/jeffreyseller

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In particular, they address the major crisis AirBnB navigated in 2020 when the online marketplace went from having its long-term survival questioned to staging a successful IPO several months later.

They also discussed the sudden and dramatic plunge in AirBnB’s business, how Brian adapted their business model to those new realities, and how this challenge led to a reimagination of how the company defines its role in society and the economy.

And if you’d like to check out more conversations with business leaders like this, just search for “Inside the Strategy Room” on your preferred podcast app and subscribe.

This conversation was recorded at a recent online global CEO event focused on growing out of the crisis. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/brianchesky

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This conversation was recorded in August 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/missycummings

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Spence reflects on some of the major shifts and challenges ahead, from rolling out vaccine programs in lower-income economies to tackling climate change. He answers questions like:
● Is the current fragility in supply chains a sign that something more fundamental is happening that could affect the course of globalization?
● Will new ways of working that emerged during the pandemic persist and, if so, what are the broader economic implications?
● Are you even more worried about rising inequality now than before the pandemic?
● Are you optimistic or pessimistic about COP26, the UN Climate Change Conference?
● Can you see a silver lining to this pandemic?

This conversation was recorded in September 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/MichaelSpence

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This conversation was recorded in September 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/GuntramWolff

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This conversation was recorded in October 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/BethCobertByronAuguste

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Sillem discusses her transition from a career as a biochemist into the world of engineering, and the work she does to promote the industry to girls and women as well as individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds. On the latter, she collaborated with seven-time Formula One world champion Sir Lewis Hamilton on a landmark study on diversity in motor sport. She answers questions including the following:
— What excites you most in the world of science at the moment?
— How does engineering fit into a dematerialized world?
— How do we change the low share of girls and women who study engineering?
— Do you feel optimistic or pessimistic that we can solve the environmental challenges facing us?

This conversation was recorded in November 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/Sillem

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This conversation was recorded in November 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/MattSlaughter

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This conversation was recorded in December 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/HaskelWestlake

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This conversation was recorded in December 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/ShafikSheng

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This conversation was recorded in February 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/DavidAutor

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This conversation was recorded in December 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/RonOHanley

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This conversation was recorded in February 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/BenedictEvans

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This conversation was recorded in March 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/ClaireONeill

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Imafidon invokes the “herstory” of stellar female technologists, such as Gladys West, who contributed to the development of GPS; Hedy Lamarr, whose work on frequency-hopping spectrum technology enabled Wi-Fi and Bluetooth; and Stephanie Kwolek, who created the first ultra-strong synthetic fibers, Kevlar being the best-known. In a rallying call for inclusion in a technologically driven world, Imafidon talks about persistent bias in data collection and algorithms that are making very big decisions that affect large parts of people’s lives. The stakes are very, very high, and we need to get this right, she states.

This conversation was recorded in February 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/Imafidon

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Okonjo-Iweala talks about her first few months leading the WTO and some of the initiatives underway, and discusses the challenge of inclusive and sustainable growth in the years ahead. She answers questions including:
— How has the COVID-19 crisis affected world trade?
— As trade rebounds, what will it take to ensure that trade patterns are much more inclusive?
— How do emerging economies ensure that they have the access they need to vaccines and build the capacity to manufacture them? What role can trade and the WTO have?
— What is the interplay between growth, inclusivity, and sustainability?
— What else do we need to do to ensure that women and SMEs have access to trade?
— What do you see as some of the opportunities emerging from the pandemic crisis?

This conversation was recorded in December 2021. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: mck.co/NgoziOkonjoIweala

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This conversation was recorded in April 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/AviCollis

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This conversation was recorded in May 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/JPF

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This conversation was recorded in June 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit: https://mck.co/ARP

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This conversation was recorded in June 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit:
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This conversation was recorded in July 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit:
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This conversation was recorded in September 2022. To read a transcript of this episode, visit:
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