Eyes For Ears (Ben Young and Andrew Pouw)

We review the causes of acquired astigmatism in this brief episode, oral boards review style.

This week, Amanda and Andrew review colobomas, from embryologic causes, anatomy, and systemic concerns when you find it.

We return with Dr. Grayson Armstrong, recent chief resident at Mass Eye and Ear, where he ran the trauma service and did most of the globe repairs in New England, to learn surgical tips and tricks, run through a few globe cases, and how to handle intraoperative and post-operative challenges. Both clinically relevant and high yield board review material abound!

Grayson also tells us about an free app he helped develop to help new residents and trainees learn the maze of ophthalmic acronyms: https://ophthalmicedge.org/physician/ophthalmic-acronyms-app-available-now/#

With the massive changes in non-urgent patient care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, ophthalmology was one of the most affected specialties in the US and the World, with significant drops in patient volume with the initial shutdowns, and difficulty adapting as many other specialties did by delivering care remotely; ie with telemedicine.

Dr. Grayson Armstrong is the first and only telemedicine fellow in ophthalmology at Mass Eye and Ear, and so has made it his job of trying to solve the problem of teleophthalmology. Join us as he takes on a tour of where we're at now, tips on how to do effective tele-ophtho starting today, and where we're headed in the near future. 

This week special guest host, Dr. David Zacks, professor at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, and vitreoretinal surgery fellowship director answers questions about basic strategies to repair retinal detachments, and when/why to use a scleral buckle.

We review the Large, Medium and Small COMS studies, which have helped shape our understanding and management of ocular melanoma, and are foundational for any ophthalmologist to understand.

Also, dear listeners our frequent co-host Amanda Redfern is running a survey:

Are you a current ophthalmology resident or recent ophthalmology residency graduate? If so, I am conducting a survey on attitudes toward the intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents by non-retina specialists. It is a short, 5-10 minute, anonymous survey. All participants will have the opportunity to enter a raffle for a $100 amazon gift card. If you are interested in participating, please click the survey link below. https://yalesurvey.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_56AACi2Tb7JBZo9

This week we go with the flow, and explore all you need to know about the aqueous; production, content, drainage, and more. Plus, wait until the end of the episode to hear the finest eye joke of all time.

We go through four common but tricky neuro-ophthalmology clinical scenarios with Dr. Jonathan Trobe, head of neuro-ophthalmology at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, who discusses his tips on how to succeed, and common traps he's seen throughout his career.

If you enjoyed this episode, check out Dr Trobe's free open-access medical educational website, Neuro-Ophthalmology at Your Fingertips. There, he has videos, reviews and quizzes to teach you practical, high yield pearls at any level: Fingertips (umich.edu)

Learn to manage the most urgent of ophthalmic problems this week, and deepen your knowledge of management options this week as we talk about chemical burn injuries and how to manage them.

This week we cover the life and times of toxoplasmosis in the eye, including a breakdown of toxoplasmosis' complex life cycle, the many manifestations it may have in the eye, diagnostic tests, and management paradigms.

Amanda rapidly reviews the differential, workup and management of bilateral disc edema with Ben.

This is part of our oral boards review series which is designed for rapid review in the style of oral boards, and does not delve as deeply into topics as our standard episodes.

Learn the many names, and curious course of macular telangectasias in this week's episode.

We discuss the different types of radiation used in ophthalmology, and the ocular side effects of radiation. 

This week, we're tackling corneal burns, part 1 of 2, where we cover all non-chemical types of corneal burns, including thermal, freezing, ultraviolet, infrared, and ionizing radiation type damage. Add the unusual ways these can present to your toolkit, and come back next week to learn about corneal chemical burns in part 2.

For our 100th episode, we get Amanda, Andrew and Ben together to reflect on their residency and fellowship training to discuss what they thought was important and what they think is actually important in training and for their rank list.

These thoughts are our own, and do not reflect the opinions of any institution we have trained or worked at. Thank you to all of our supporters and listeners on the way to episode 100! 

Amanda Redfern did her residency at Yale, her neuro-ophthalmology fellowship at the Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah, and is now faculty doing both neuro-ophthalmology and comprehensive ophthalmology at the Casey Eye Institute at OHSU.

Andrew Pouw did his residency at Yale, his glaucoma fellowship at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University, and is now faculty at the University of Iowa.

Ben Young did his residency at Yale, is currently doing his vitreoretinal surgery fellowship at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, and is signed to join the faculty at the Casey Eye Institute at OHSU.

Ben and Amanda review VKH, including terminology, key findings, stages, and differential diagnoses.

Today, we do a fast-paced review of pediatric exotropia for the oral boards or the clinic.

(Edit: But not THAT fast, if you downloaded a previous version of this episode that was playing at a higher speed, it has now been fixed!)

This week, we talk with the program directors at UC Davis, the Wilmer Eye Institute and Yale about all the questions you had about applying for residency, especially in the time of COVID19. Topics ranged from application timing, how to contact your dream program for an interview, how much Step 1 and 2 really matter and much more.

If you are applying, please help with a survey being conducted by a team from around the US about how COVID19 is impacting your application cycle; we hope this will give program directors information which will make for a more fair application process:

https://yalesurvey.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3vLAobPb3IMSF0N

If you have any questions or concerns about the survey, please contact Ninani Kombo, MD, at Ninani.kombo@yale.edu. If you have questions about your rights as a research participant, or you have complaints about this research, you can call the Yale Institutional Review Boards at (203) 785-4688 or email hrpp@yale.edu.

Finally, check out Dr. Jay Sridhar's excellent interview of this same panel at his podcast "Straight from the Cutter's Mouth" where he discusses medical education and how to be a program director:

http://www.retinapodcast.com/episodes/2020/2/12/episode-213-being-an-ophthalmology-residency-program-director-with-drs-jessica-chow-nandini-gandhi-and-fasika-woreta

Eyes for Ears is finally back! We are re-opening with a great lesson about Duane Syndrome by Dr Srav Vegunta, who is both a pediatric ophthalmologist and neuro-ophthalmologist at the Moran Eye Center at the University of Utah.

Haven't read about PPS Maculopathy? Just because it isn't in your BCSC yet doesn't mean you won't need to learn about this newly described disease. We learn about it here from the man who first discovered it, Dr. Nieraj Jain, vitreoretinal surgeon and ophthalmic genetics expert at the Emory Eye Center. Learn how he came to realize he was seeing a previously undescribed disease associated with a commonly used drug, how you can recognize it, and some of the techniques Dr. Jain used to show the strength of the association.

This week, find out what's so pseudo about pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, one of the most common causes of secondary open-angle glaucoma.

This week we tackle Axenfeld Rieger syndrome, as well as take detours into comparisons with ICE syndromes, and genetics of other anterior segment disorders.

We discuss the basic principles of ophthalmic lasers that guide how they work and how to use them. Plus we take brief asides into Archimedes lore and using Star Wars as a memory tool.

We discuss both common and unusual causes of a common ophthalmology consult, and considerations for management in this week's episode. We include thoughts aimed to be helpful for both fresh ophthalmology residents taking call, and more seasoned residents prepping for boards/OKAP.

Welcome to the new academic year with one of our favorite lectures that is perfect for any student or resident brushing up their skills to see patients, with our award-winning faculty Dr. Paul Gaudio. 

This was released last year as part of our "Buddy Call" series, designed for new residents about to take call. If you liked this episode, you can search for our other Buddy Call episodes to learn more!

This week we learn about the diagnosis and pre-operative management with Dr. Grayson Armstrong, who recently completed his chief residency at Mass Eye and Ear, where he ran the trauma service, and thus did many of the globe surgeries of New England. Even if you've managed a number of globes, you'll have a lot to learn with Grayson. Keep your eyes peeled for next week when we come back for part 2 to go through trauma cases and learn surgical tips!

We review the rapid rundown of what to remember about pediatric esotropia for the oral boards or the clinic.

As a reminder, these oral board review episodes will not extensively review the topic, but rather review it at the pace we feel is helpful as a refresher.

We bring back Maternal-Fetal-Medicine Fellow Dr. Fei Cai to teach us about what we should know about pregnant patients with eye problems. 

If you liked this content, check out or recommend to an OB/Gyn friend Fei's own podcast, CREOGs over Coffee! https://creogsovercoffee.com/

Disclaimer:In this episode, we use the term "pregnant women" throughout. We mean to use the term pregnant people or pregnant patient, and do not mean to exclude those that are pregnant that do not identify as women. 

We review ophthalmic manifestations of Marfan's disease, as well as a mystery cause of vision loss in a case presentation with guest host Dr. Eri Verter.

Amanda and Andrew dive into the world of iris tumors, and other related spots and nodules. When do you watch? When is it melanoma? Find out in this episode!

This week we run through a challenging pupil emergency with PGY4 resident Nikhil Bommakanti, and learn something new about anisocoria and the art of medicine.

We also mention a great, free and easy to use data visualizing app that Nikhil developed to get a better grasp of how your ACGME surgical case log is progressing:

https://github.com/nbommakanti/surgical_case_dashboard

We review pigment dispersion syndrome, which can cause pigmentary glaucoma, one of the most common secondary open-angle glaucomas.

What walks like an abrasion, talks like an abrasion, but can look nothing like an abrasion? Find out this episode!

Also, if you are a medical student, help us fill out this survey regarding your experience in the OR during your ophthalmology elective. In collaboration with Straight from the Cutter's Mouth, we are working to evaluate if there are ways to improve your experience in the OR and clinic:

https://yalesurvey.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4GUtztfLSlSsrrv

This week, we review an organized differential diagnosis for vitreous hemorrhage for when you encounter it in the emergency room and clinic.

Learn about the unusual condition juvenile xanthogranuloma, the four adult xanthogranulomas (Adult xanthogranuloma, Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Adult xanthogranuloma with asthma and periocular involvement, and Erdheim-Chester disease), and basics about histiocytes and giant cells.

Welcome the New Year with the second part of our review of Strabisums Fundamentals.

Check out part 1 here, or on your normal podcatcher app: https://eyes4ears.podbean.com/mf/play/5kxnk3/Episode31StrabFund_Mastered_Levelated.mp3

If you'd like to support our work on the podcast, a rating/review, or follow on Twitter @Eyes4Ears is very helpful!

This week, we talk about the etiology, diagnosis, pathology and management of Acute Retinal Necrosis, and we touch on the differential diagnosis, including CMV Retinitis and Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis.

In this episode, we present four neuro-ophth cases to Dr. Jonathan Trobe, division head of Neuro-Ophthalmology at the Kellogg Eye Center, where he dissects them to find the seemingly small details that can get us and our patients into big trouble if missed. Join along in his case analysis, and see if you can find where mistakes were made so you can avoid them yourself!

Dr. Trobe went to Harvard Medical School, did his residency at Wills Eye, a neuro-ophth fellowship at Bascom Palmer, then a full neurology residency at the University of Miami. He's also served in the US Air Force, and is a tireless supporter of medical education, having won the teaching award at the University of Michigan countless times. 

Amanda and Ben review differential diagnosis and management if you're presented with a patient with unilateral disc edema, either for oral boards or in the clinic.

This is part of our oral boards review series for rapid review, and won't go into as full depth as our more focused episodes.

This episode, we field all questions one might have about visual fields, from fundamentals to finer details.

Ben and Andrew review toxocariasis and its gnarly lifecycle, why every ophthalmologist needs to know about it, treatment, and more.

We wish everyone about to take OKAPs the best of luck!

After a hiatus, we're back this week to talk about corneal grafts, starting with selection criteria. Learn what disqualifies a donor cornea from being a transplant candidate, the preservation times and transport media, and the basics of the Cornea Donor Study.

This week we delve into orbital lymphatic malformations, also commonly called lymphangiomas. Learn the diagnostic pearls to identifying this potentially dangerous pediatric orbital tumor, and what's so tricky about their management.

We discuss the corneal, trabecular, lenticular, and retinal manifestations of congenital aniridia, as well as the need-to-know genetics, with a sidebar here and there.

We wish our listeners around the world safety and good health as we all deal with the COVID19 pandemic. We plan to still be with you with weekly episodes as we all push through this together. #TeamOphtho

We discuss screening protocols, and CRYO ROP, ETROP and BEAT-ROP trialsto learn how to manage retinopathy of prematurity. Guest host Fei Cai of CREOGs over Coffee is back to help.

Ben and Andrew puzzle through a mystery case of a patient who can't look up... or down? We review major causes of vertical gaze palsies, including progressive supranuclear palsies, dorsal midbrain syndrome, and more this week.

Note: This episode was reuploaded with a correction after a message from listener Tiago Fernandes. Thanks Tiago!

Crack this mystery case with our repeat guest host, PGY4 and Yale's Chief Resident Michael Park!

Learn the fundamentals of vitreous composition and anatomy; important facts to know for beginning trainees, and higher level facts to memorize for senior trainees studying for boards.

This week we review the Age-related Eye Diseases Studies (AREDS) which resulted in the AREDS and AREDS2 vitamin supplements for patients with age-related macular degeneration. Learn the finer points of when to actually prescribe them, the evidence behind them, and what to do in those odd edge cases.

Thinking about your first job or a new job? Amanda brings on Heidi Mason, JD, SHRM-CP, PHR to teach us about what we should be looking for in a contract, whether you really need to hire a lawyer (and what kind to get), how to negotiate, and much much more in this special episode!

Learn about the board testable exotic conditions that can affect the eye and surrounding bones:

• Unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the bone,
• Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the bone (previously called Hand-Schuller-Christian disease)
• Diffuse soft tissue histiocytosis (previously called Letterer-Siwe disease)

Kellogg resident Dr Otana Jakpor takes us through a challenging case of transient monocular vision loss, and possibly exposes host Ben Young as a liar!

Amanda and Ben discuss their experience with studying for oral boards, and share their study tips and what they wish they had done differently. Please note that the advice and opinions expressed are our own, and do not in any way represent the ABO. Further, any case examples discussed in this episode are theoretical, and do not represent what Ben or Amanda experienced on their test days.

Learn what you need to know to prevent and prepare for medical malpractice lawsuits, and what it's like to be on the other side as an expert witness with Dr Jonathan Trobe, head of neuro-ophthalmology at the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan, as well as frequent expert witness in medico-legal cases.

Amanda and Ben discuss problems that can happen with LASIK flaps, including diffuse lamellar keratitis, infectious keratitis, epithelial ingrowth, and more!

We review the incredible narrative of how FA was invented, simplify and streamline FA interpretation, review ICG and its uses, and leave off with a discussion of the use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). You'll also learn about FAs in cats! 

Ben and Amanda do a rapid review of what to think about when encountering pseudostrabismus on oral boards or in the clinic.

This is part of our oral boards review series, which is designed for review in the style of oral boards, and may not be as in-depth as our regular episodes.

Straighten out the alphabet soup of pattern strabismus in this episode.

We refer you to this excellent video by Dr. Tim Root to orient yourself to eye muscle actions, tropias and phorias:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRYBOBSyzAU

And we make reference to this aircraft during the episode if you are curious:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II

This week, we discuss anterior uveitis, especially HLA B27 related disease. Next week, we'll discuss the other causes of anterior uveitis, as well as treatment and management.

Also, we are doing a survey to assess the impact of the podcast. If you'd like to support us, take this 4 minute survey: bit.ly/2VpPRND

We return this week to finish discussing acute anterior uveitis. If you haven't listened to part 1 (last week), we recommend starting there.

Also, we are doing a survey to assess the impact of the podcast. If you'd like to support us, take this 4 minute survey: bit.ly/2VpPRND

This week, we review the major flagship anti-VEGF agents, pegaptinib, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, as well as some of the flagship clinical trials, including VISION, MARINA, ANCHOR, CATT, and VIEW 1 and 2.

Also, we are doing a survey to assess the impact of the podcast. If you'd like to support us, take this 4 minute survey: bit.ly/2VpPRND

This week, Amanda and Ben review Atypical Optic Neuritis. 

Also, we are doing a survey to assess the impact of the podcast. If you'd like to support us, take this 4 minute survey: bit.ly/2VpPRND

This week, we cover non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), as well as diagnostic pearls to differentiate optic neuropathies and retinopathies in general, and how to differentiate NAION from AAION.

Unthaw your understanding of the Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) syndromes; Essential Iris Atrophy, Chandler Syndrome and Cogan-Reese Syndrome. 

Andrew and Ben simplify the nuances of how to prescribe glasses for children, and why you sometimes shouldn't just give the refraction you measured. There are relevant pearls for what they'll test you on in the boards, and practical tips for the clinic.

Amanda and Ben do a rapid fire, oral boards style review of entropion.

To those taking oral boards this week, the whole team wishes you the best of luck!

Ben and Andrew review how oculocutaneous and ocular albinism affect the eye, genetics of these problems, and other systemic conditions that cause albinism.

This week, keep your eyes on target with Dr. Anvesh Annadanam, a Kellogg Eye Center resident, as teaches us about a patient with no complaints but much ado. 

This week, Amanda and Ben do an oral boards style focused review of the differential for acquired myopic shifts. 

Learn about the peculiarities retinal macroaneurysms in a micro package in this week's episode. 

This week, we return to acute angle closure and discuss how to manage this challenging disease. All residents will eventually need to know how to tackle this in the ED!

We reference this video during the episode, a demonstration of the Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty technique, by Dr. Christopher Teng: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2NYixE_0xQ

He also has videos demonstrating the traditional Laser Peripheral Iridotomy technique as well:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVicnPkZ6WA&pbjreload=102

If you've ever thought "THE PRESSURE IS 50, WHAT DO???" take a listen to this week's Buddy Call episode, with our very own Dr. Andrew Pouw, glaucoma fellow at the Wilmer Eye Institute. The pressure is off, as he takes both beginning resident and seasoned veteran on a tour of how to handle glaucoma emergencies.

Get your brain in gear with these fundamentals of neuro-ophthalmologic diagnostic and examination skills, with Dr. Amanda Redfern! 

We discuss Pediatrics on Call with Dr. Shagun Bhatia, our previous senior resident at Yale and now graduate of the pediatric ophthalmology fellowship at the Shiley Eye Institute at UCSD! We talk about the pediatric exam, and common pediatric ophthalmology emergencies on call.

If you're a long time follower of this podcast and think this episode would be helpful for junior residents you know, it really helps us to share it with them! If you'd like to support this free non-profit production, it also helps us to leave us a rating and review on the podcast app.

We explore the retina exam and retina emergencies with Dr. Kyle Kovacs, previous chief resident at Yale, and current senior vitreoretinal surgery fellow at Cornell. This is our third episode in our "Buddy Call" series aimed at new trainees in ophthalmology. If you like our podcast and want to support us, a rating and review is very helpful. If you have feedback or more ideas for episodes, we'd love to hear them on our Twitter @Eyes4Ears!

Welcome to our new miniseries, "Buddy Call", where we bring on a Buddy to discuss topics to prepare new residents or rotating medical students for ophthalmic call, and exam fundamentals. We kick things off with Dr. Paul Gaudio, Clinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at Yale, who will tell us his unique approach to not only look at the eye, but understand it, and how to approach the red eye. If I were just starting, this is an episode I'd listen to on repeat.

We think this will be helpful to review for trainees at all levels, but if you know early trainees who you think may benefit, it really helps us to spread the word.

You can follow us on Twitter/Instagram @Eyes4Ears.

Amanda and Ben do an oral-board style review of the differential of hyperopic shifts.

This week we cover the board/OKAP favorite peculiar cataracts caused by various drugs and metabolic conditions.

This week, we review the fundamentals of retinopathy of prematurity, including pathophysiology and staging. We'll return next week to talk about the landmark trials in ROP and surgical therapy.

Big thank you to Fei Cai for joining us as this week's guest host; you can find her OB/Gyn review podcast, CREOGs over Coffee at creogsovercoffee.com!

This week, we talk about the various ways the capsular bag can become opacified after cataract surgery, and tips on how to use YAG to fix it.

Also, if you applied to the Ophthalmology Fellowship Match this cycle, take the following survey from a team at Yale to enter a $50 Amazon Gift Card raffle.

Happy holidays! Our gift this season is part 1 of our review of Strabismus fundamentals

If you'd like to support us, please leave a rating or review, or follow us on Twitter @Eyes4Ears!

Many of ophthalmology trainees have or may be pulled soon to help staff the inpatient wards or the ICU give the current COVID19 pandemic. This week, we talk with Dr. Yuri Matusov, soon to be chief Pulm/ICU fellow at Cedars-Sinai Hospital, about how he takes COVID19 patients inpatient and in the ICU, geared for the outpatient specialist!

This week, we're back from ARVO to review color vision, color deficiencies, and the many ways to test color vision.

If you'd like to support the podcast, a rating/review are tremendously helpful. You can also check out our Anki flashcard decks at our website, Eyesforears.net. Follow us on Twitter @Eyes4Ears!

This week, we tackle the Corneal Dystrophies, part 1 of 2! Andrew was out of the country for this week, so please welcome our guesthost and fellow Yale resident Amanda Redfern!

Also, check out our website, Eyes4Ears.com, to find flashcards associated with this episode.

If you have any questions/feedback/corrections, we'd love to hear from you @Eyes4Ears on Twitter. If you like our episodes, we'd appreciate your support with a rating/review on iTunes, or following us on Twitter.

As always, music by Andrew Pouw. Stay tuned next week for Corneal Dystrophies II (+ Ectasias)!

We're back with Corneal Dystrophies, part II, where we discuss the posterior corneal dystrophies, and we go over the Corneal Ectasias! As always, check out our website, EyesforEars.net, to download the relevant Anki deck to review the prep material you learn in this episode. 

If you'd like to support this podcast, it helps us out tremendously to follow us on Twitter @Eyes4Ears, and to like/review on iTunes, or where you find your podcasts. Give us a shout-out to suggest future episodes, and we always want to hear your suggestions/corrections/feedback about past episodes! See you next week, and happy studying!

Don't get too tangled and learn about ophthalmic sutures this week, where we review types of suture, what gauge to you, what the different needle types mean, and some handy microsurgical tips.

We discuss the Minorities in Ophthalmology Mentorship (MOM) Program, an academic program supported by the AAO and AUPO, with executive committee members:

• Dr. Keith Carter, past president of AAO and AUPO, Chair of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa, and Chair of MOM Executive Committee
• Dr. Paul Lee, president elect of AUPO, Research Liaison for MOM, and President of NAEVR/AEVR and Chair of the Kellogg Eye Center at the University of Michigan

We discuss some of the challenges of diversity within academic ophthalmology, and the benefits and mentorship that the MOM program offers to students looking to apply to our very competitive field.

If you are interested, or if you know a medical student you think would be a good candidate for the MOM program, submit your application by April 12th, 2021 for early decision at:

https://survey.alchemer.com/s3/6052522/AAO-AUPO-Minority-Ophthalmology-Mentoring-Program-Class-of-2021

If you'd like to learn more, go to:

https://www.aao.org/minority-mentoring

This week we unravel the peculiarities of the strabismic problem of dissociated vertical deviations (DVD)

This week, an unusual case of high eye pressure is brought to us by Dr. Michael Park, current Yale Chief Resident. Tune in to help us solve this medical mystery!

Today we review five causes of peripheral corneal thinning we should all know, and how to differentiate between them.

Red glass, Worth dots, Bagolini lenses and more about how to test patients for stereoacuity and binocularity by frequent guest host Dr. Amanda Redfern. Navigate pediatrics and strabismus clinics with this episode!

Ben and Andrew review the seven rings of ocular trauma, a closed globe injury phenomenon.

This week we review ectopia lentis. If you'd like to leave feedback, or if you had episode topic suggestions, reach out to us on Twitter @Eyes4Ears. Also, check out our website eyesforears.net to use our flashcard decks to instantly review the material learned in this episode.

Welcome to Eyes for Ears Chats, our new series where we bring on exciting members of the ophthalmology community, and get their insights into ophtho and beyond (we changed the name from Eyes for Ears Talks in post-production D:). This week we're recording live from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Mid-Year Forum, which you'll get to hear about, and we are graced with a very special guest, Dr. Andrea Tooley! She is currently an oculoplastics fellow famous for her popular blog, YouTube channel, and Instagram where she covers mentorship and medical education, with tens of thousands of followers, and millions of views across her various platforms. She's also a very active member of AAOs YO Committee. This week, she talks to us about how she got into social media, her work in AAO YO, life in oculoplastics, and more. 

You can find Dr. Tooley at:

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/adoctorinthehouse

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dr.andreatooley

Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrAndreaTooley

Website: http://www.andreatooley.com/

Learn about angle closure, from fundamentals, to a deep dive into mechanisms of what makes angle closure occur. Plus, intro and intermediate gonioscopy tips!

This week we talk both about normal corneal nerves, and how understanding enlarged corneal nerves can help you one day save someone's life, with our technique for remembering the myriad causes of enlarged corneal nerves. Plus, as a bonus, we learn the clinical utility of The Notebook.

This week we review Capillary Hemangiomas. By consequence, we also review related associations, PHACES syndrome, and Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome.

Kick back and relax with Ben and Amanda as we discuss a low pressure topic: Hypotony.

We discuss idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri, with frequent guest host Amanda Redfern. We chat about the diagnostic features, mechanism behind the symptoms, differential diagnosis and management