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An introduction to Season 1 of Baa's and Bleat's with Dr. Kelly Still-Brooks and Dr. Michelle Buckley. This season will focus on improving milk quality in dairy goats through records management, mastitis detection, dry-off protocols, colostrum management, and appropriate use of pharmaceuticals. 
Questions can be emailed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

Sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture's Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

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Today we are talking with Dr. Joan Dean Rowe from UC Davis and Ryan Andrus from Bridgman Hill Farm about the importance of utilizing permanent individual animal identification and records in maintaining milk quality and animal health. 

Topics discussed include: Importance of permanent/official ID, options for identification types, when to apply ID, integrating ID with electronic records, goats losing ID, record system types, frequency of recording data, deciding who records data, and tracking drug use & equipment maintenance as well as production metrics.

Helpful links:
American Dairy Goat Association - How to tattoo a dairy goat
https://adga.org/adga-tattoo-policy-how-to-tattoo-a-dairy-goat/

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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Today we are talking with Dr. Virginia Fajt from Texas A&M University  and Dr. Paul Plummer from Iowa State University about the development and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and how it relates to food-producing animals. 

Topics discussed include: The significance of antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals; the difference between antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance; how resistance develops and how to prevent it; antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and much more!

Helpful Links:
AVMA Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance:
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance

AVMA Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Affecting Animal Health:
https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance/antimicrobial-resistant-pathogens-affecting-animal-health

AASRP Guidance for Antimicrobial Stewardship
http://www.aasrp.org/resources/AASRPantimicrobial3F.pdf

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank for estimated withdrawal intervals for extralabel drug use:

http://www.farad.org/

Antimicrobial resistance genes found in bacteria used as probiotics:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160519303198

AVMA Committee on Antimicrobials:
https://www.avma.org/membership/volunteering-avma/councils-committees-task-forces-and-trusts/committee-antimicrobials

National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE):
https://www.niamrre.org/

**We want your feedback! Email DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu and let us know how you are involved with dairy goats, what you think of the program, and send us questions that you'd like to have answered on a later episode!

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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Today we are talking with Dr. Andrea Mongini of M&M Veterinary Service and Ewetopia Dairy in Denair, California about the significance of somatic cell counts (SCC) and how this metric can be utilized to evaluate milk quality and udder health. 

Topics discussed include: significance of somatic cells in milk production, United States SCC limits and benchmarks, causes of elevated SCC, methods for evaluating SCC, basic troubleshooting for tracking down a high somatic cell outbreak.

Helpful links:
- AASRP: Find a small ruminant veterinarian: http://www.aasrp.org/about/find_a_vet.asp
-  Canadian Mastitis Network: California Mastitis Test procedure: https://youtu.be/YRbH_E7JtTU
- University of Minnesota: Easy Culture System: https://vdl.umn.edu/laboratories/laboratory-udder-health-luh/minnesota-easyr-culture
- National Mastitis Council: Order the Laboratory Handbook on Bovine Mastitis: https://www.nmconline.org/publications/


This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Fauna Smith from the University of California - Davis to discuss milk quality on goat dairies of all sizes. 

Topics of conversation include federal and state milk safety regulations, metrics for evaluating milk quality, components of producing quality milk, milking equipment maintenance, troubleshooting basic milk quality issues, and considerations for differences between goat and cow dairy production metrics. 

Helpful Links:
State Milk Laws: https://www.ncsl.org/research/agriculture-and-rural-development/raw-milk-2012.aspx

National Mastitis Council - Guidelines for evaluating teat skin condition: https://www.nmconline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Guidelines-for-Evaluating.pdf

Penn State University - Equipment Maintenance for Milkers: https://extension.psu.edu/equipment-maintenance-for-milkers

University of Minnesota - Maintenance and Monitoring of Milking Equipment on the Dairy Farm: https://www.vetmed.umn.edu/sites/vetmed.umn.edu/files/oct_26_230_thomson_china_monitoring_milk_equipment_2016.pdf

American Dairy Goat Association Dairy Herd Improvement Registry (ADGA DHIR): https://adga.org/performance-programs/production-testing/

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database (FARAD) - http://www.farad.org/

Charm SLBL test kit (validated for detecting 5 beta lactam antibiotics in goat milk): https://www.charm.com/products/test-and-kits/antibiotic-tests/rosa-lateral-flow/slbl-charm-sl-beta-lactam-test/

FDA Grade "A" Milk Safety Program: https://www.fda.gov/federal-state-local-tribal-and-territorial-officials/state-cooperative-programs/fda-grade-milk-safety-program#:~:text=The%20FDA's%20Milk%20Safety%20Cooperative,milk%20products%20for%20human%20consumption.

College of Veterinary Medicine Milk Quality Laboratories (non-exhaustive list): 
California - https://www.vmtrc.ucdavis.edu/laboratories/milk-quality-laboratory
Georgia - https://vet.uga.edu/diagnostic-service-labs/milk-quality-laboratory/
Iowa - https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdl/laboratory/bacteriology/bacti-milk-quality
Minnesota - https://vdl.umn.edu/laboratories/laboratory-udder-health-luh/laboratory-udder-health-overview
New York - https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/programs/quality-milk-production/about

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Joan Dean Rowe from the University of California - Davis and Dr. Roselle (Rosie) Busch from the University of California's Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources to discuss strategies for maintaining and improving udder health during the dry period. 

Topics of conversation include a basic overview of the physiology of a goat's lactation and dry period; discussion of dry-off protocols and considerations for which strategy to apply to a given herd; the National Mastitis Council's Five-Point Mastitis Control Plan, its effects on the bovine dairy industry, and how it can be applied to dairy goat production; considerations for intramammary dry-off antimicrobial use in dairy goats; overview of the Iowa State University/UC Davis dry tube research project.

Helpful Links:
National Mastitis Council's Five-Point Plan: https://www.nmconline.org/2018/02/06/nmc-speakers-address-the-five-point-mastitis-control-plan/#:~:text=NMC's%20five%20points%20include%3A%20post,maintenance%20and%20culling%20problems%20cows.

Order form for the Dairy Goat Production Handbook (Langston University): http://www.luresext.edu/sites/default/files/DGPHorderform_1stEdition_case_spiral.pdf

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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*We want to hear from you! Send an email to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu and let us know where you are listening from, how you are involved with the dairy community, and if you have any questions that you'd like our experts to answer in a future episode!*

Today we are talking with Dr. Virginia Fajt -- a boarded veterinary clinical pharmacologist from Texas A&M University -- about the in's and out's of how to use pharmaceuticals appropriately in dairy goats.

Topics discussed include: Appropriate drug selection for a small ruminant; withdrawal times, how they are determined and where to find them; what is FARAD and what do they do; accidental inappropriate drug or chemical exposure protocols; how meat and milk processing facilities prevent accidental drug residues from reaching consumers; safeguards for preventing treated animals/milk from leaving the farm.

Helpful Links:
AASRP Guidance for Antimicrobial Stewardship
http://www.aasrp.org/resources/AASRPantimicrobial3F.pdf

Databases for searching for approved drugs:

https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/views/#/search

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/

 
Federal regulations about extralabel drug use:

https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-E/part-530?toc=1

 
FDA resource for veterinarians about extralabel drug use:

https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/resources-you/ins-and-outs-extra-label-drug-use-animals-resource-veterinarians

 
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank for estimated withdrawal intervals for extralabel drug use:

http://www.farad.org/

 
Details about how withdrawal times are established for approved drugs:

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cvm-gfi-3-general-principles-evaluating-human-food-safety-new-animal-drugs-used-food-producing

 
Compliance policy guide about using feed additives extra-label in minor species:

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-615115-extralabel-use-medicated-feeds-minor-species

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Robert VanSaun from Pennsylvania State University and Dr. Andrea Mongini of M&M Veterinary Practice and Ewetopia Dairy in Denair, CA to discuss colostrum management. This is part 1 of a 2 part series on youngstock feeding. Listeners are encouraged to email DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu with feedback and questions to be addressed to our content experts.

Topics of conversation include options for feeding newborn kids, evaluating colostrum replacers and natural colostrum, heat treatment of goat colostrum, storage recommendations, comparison of bovine quality parameters with caprine.

Helpful Links:
Using a Brix refractometer for colostrum evaluation:
https://extension.psu.edu/colostrum-management-tools-hydrometers-and-refractometers

Assessment of Goat Colostrum Quality and Passive Transfer:
https://extension.psu.edu/colostrum-management-tools-hydrometers-and-refractometers

Heat Treatment of Goat Colostrum:
https://www.extension.iastate.edu/dairyteam/files/page/files/DairyGoatColostrumManagementFactsheet.pdf

Colostrum Management for Commercial Goat Production:
https://ontariogoat.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Colostrum-Management-Book-LR.pdf

Tube Feeding Goat Kids:
https://extension.wsu.edu/wam/tube-feeding-neonatal-small-ruminants-an-essential-skill-for-sheep-and-goat-farmers/

Basic Small Ruminant Nutrition:
https://bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/bovine/index.php/AABP/article/view/3553

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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On this episode we sit down with Dr. Robert VanSaun from Pennsylvania State University and Dr. Andrea Mongini of M&M Veterinary Practice and Ewetopia Dairy in Denair, CA to discuss feeding goat kids from 2 days of age until weaning. This is the second half of our 2 part series on youngstock nutrition. Listeners are encouraged to email DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu with feedback and questions to be addressed to our content experts.

Topics of conversation include options for feeding growing kids on bottles; pros and cons of feeding goat's milk, cow's milk or milk replacer; cleaning feeding equipment; nutritional requirements of young goats; managing coccidia, and more.

Helpful Links:

Basic Small Ruminant Nutrition:
https://bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/bovine/index.php/AABP/article/view/3553

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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This week we sit down with one of our neighbors to the north, Dr. Cathy Bauman of Ontario Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Bauman's research focuses on helping producers identify, investigate, and mitigate milk quality issues as efficiently as possible. On this episode, we lay the groundwork for conducting a milk quality investigation on a goat dairy by introducing concepts for identifying a milk quality problem; measurable paramaters for evaluating milk quality (specifically somatic cell count and bacterial counts); general principles governing fluctuations in these numbers as they relate to milk production on a goat dairy; key players to have on your team during an investigation; and finally, Dr. Bauman discusses the relationship between high quality milk and cheese production.  This is part 1 of a 2 part series that delves into a logical step-wise approach to working up milk quality issues on a dairy goat operation.

Helpful Links:

Small Ruminant Veterinarians of Ontario
https://srvo.ca/

Dr. Cathy Bauman - Ontario Veterinary College
https://ovc.uoguelph.ca/population-medicine/faculty/Cathy-Bauman

American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners - find a vet
http://www.aasrp.org/about/find_a_vet.asp

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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This week we continue our conversation with Dr. Cathy Bauman of Ontario Veterinary College in Guelph, Ontario, Canada about conducting a milk quality investigation on a goat dairy by walking through the process for tracking down a high  bulk tank bacterial count.

Helpful Links:

Luminometer FAQ
https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/food-safety/at-the-food-processor/luminometers.html

Small Ruminant Veterinarians of Ontario
https://srvo.ca/

Dr. Cathy Bauman - Ontario Veterinary College
https://ovc.uoguelph.ca/population-medicine/faculty/Cathy-Bauman

American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners - find a vet
http://www.aasrp.org/about/find_a_vet.asp

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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This extra special bonus episode from our chat with Dr. Cathy Bauman (Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) walks listeners through three real-life case investigations. Dr. Bauman describes how she and her team conducted the various outbreak investigations and puts into practice the information she shared with us in the previous two episodes.

Helpful Links:

Luminometer FAQ
https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/food-safety/at-the-food-processor/luminometers.html

Small Ruminant Veterinarians of Ontario
https://srvo.ca/

Dr. Cathy Bauman - Ontario Veterinary College
https://ovc.uoguelph.ca/population-medicine/faculty/Cathy-Bauman

American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners - find a vet
http://www.aasrp.org/about/find_a_vet.asp

This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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For the final episode of Season 1 Dr. Michelle Buckley sits down with Ryan Andrus of Bridgeman Hill Dairy in Vermont to discuss what makes a successful symbiotic relationship between dairy goat producers and veterinarians. Topics discussed include setting attainable goals, expectations of producers and veterinarians, how to talk about expenses, building and managing a successful animal health team, finding the right veterinarian for your farm, and much more.

Helpful Links:

SMART Goals:
https://www.ucop.edu/local-human-resources/_files/performance-appraisal/How%20to%20write%20SMART%20Goals%20v2.pdf

AASRP Find A Vet:
http://www.aasrp.org/about/find_a_vet.asp

Storey's Guide to Raising Dairy Goats:
https://a.co/d/7dLVDlm

The Dairy Goat Production Handbook:
http://www.luresext.edu/sites/default/files/DGPHorderform_1stEdition_case_spiral.pdf

Iowa State University Dairy Goat Extension:
https://www.extension.iastate.edu/dairyteam/dairy-goats-and-sheep


This podcast is sponsored by the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners as well as USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Antimicrobial Resistance grant # 2020-04197.

Questions or comments about today's episode can be directed to DairyGoatExtension@iastate.edu

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In this episode, we'll learn how Dr. Mary Smith lets Cornell's veterinary students take the lead in their small ruminant and camelid education. 

If you have questions or comments about this episode or are interested in sharing what your program is doing to train young veterinarians in small ruminant and camelid practice, we want to hear from you! You can contact us by email at: 

Ann DiPastina, DVM
ann.dipastina@gmail.com

 Lesley Moser, DVM
 trmvetc@gmail.com 

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Welcome to Season 2 of Baas and Bleats!  
 
 In this season, Dr. Lesley Moser and Dr. Ann DiPastina, the 2022 AASRP Emerging Leaders, interview faculty liaisons and student representatives from veterinary colleges across North America to find out what they’re doing to prepare the next generation of veterinarians for small ruminant and camelid practice.
 
 What is the AASRP Emerging Leader Program?
 
The Emerging Leaders Program gives young veterinarians with a passion for small ruminants an opportunity to become involved in leadership experiences within the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners.  As an Emerging Leader, you’ll get to practice your leadership skills, network with members of various AASRP committees, and gain a better understanding of the role of organized medicine in the veterinary profession.  You’ll also attend the Veterinary Leadership Conference, which is an excellent chance to develop relationships with leaders across many disciplines of veterinary medicine including academia and government.
 
Probably the most exciting part of the Emerging Leaders Program, though, is designing and executing a project which integrates your interests in small ruminant medicine with the needs of the membership of AASRP.
 
This year, Lesley and Ann have teamed up with other members of AASRP, including Dr. Michelle Buckley, to bring you the organization’s first podcast, “Baas and Bleats”. 
 
In Season 1, you heard from Michelle about managing milk quality in dairy goats. Now, in Season 2, we’ll be shifting gears to focus on our student membership. We hope these episodes empower veterinary students by highlighting examples of stellar faculty mentorship and excellent student initiative. 
 
If you have any questions about this episode, the Emerging Leader program, or other opportunities to get involved in AASRP, feel free to contact us:
 
AASRP website: aasrp.org

Ann DiPastina, DVM
 ann.dipastina@gmail.com

Lesley Moser, DVM
trmvetc@gmail.com

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We hope you enjoy this conversation between Lesley Moser and previous AASRP Emerging Leader, Mike Pesato. 

Dr. Pesato is the current chair of the College Liaison Committee for AASRP and an assistant clinical professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine at Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. As you will appreciate, he is a passionate small ruminant practitioner and educator of veterinary students. In this episode, Dr. Pesato tells us more about the AASRP Student Symposium, an exciting opportunity for students to gain insight into small ruminant and camelid practice from clinicians in the private and public sectors. 

If you have any questions about this episode, the 2023 AASRP Student Symposium, or opportunities to get involved in AASRP, feel free to contact us:
 
AASRP website: aasrp.org

Ann DiPastina, DVM
ann.dipastina@gmail.com

Lesley Moser, DVM
trmvetc@gmail.com

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In this episode, we welcome back to the podcast Dr. Mike Pesato. This time, Dr. Pesato shares his experience as the AASRP faculty liaison for the students at Mississippi State University. You'll also gain his and Lesley's insights into the Emerging Leader program--an excellent opportunity for young small ruminant and camelid practitioners to become involved in the organization. 

We hope this episode motivates other students who are passionate about small ruminants to take an active role in their education, just as the students at Mississippi State have done.  From labs focusing on animal handling to practicing transabdominal ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis, the AASRP student representatives at Mississippi State are making tremendous efforts to add hands-on experiences to their curriculum. 

Thanks for listening! And, as always, if you have any questions about this episode, the Emerging Leader Program, or other opportunities to get involved in AASRP, feel free to contact us:
 
AASRP website: aasrp.org

Ann DiPastina, DVM
ann.dipastina@gmail.com

Lesley Moser, DVM
trmvetc@gmail.com

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In this episode, we hear from Dr. Kelly Still-Brooks and Allysen Lower, the president of Colorado State University's AASRP student chapter. Students and faculty alike will be impressed by the initiative that Allysen has taken to bring her colleagues valuable hands-on experiences to prepare them for clinical practice. Tune in to hear what Dr. Still-Brooks and Allysen have to say about the importance of mastering the basics, including small ruminant and camelid husbandry and behavior. Most importantly in this episode, students will be reminded of their most valuable resource—each other.

Thanks for listening! And, as always, if you have any questions about this episode, the Emerging Leader Program, or other opportunities to get involved in AASRP, feel free to contact us. We want to hear from you!
  
 AASRP website: aasrp.org

Ann DiPastina, DVM
 ann.dipastina@gmail.com

Lesley Moser, DVM
trmvetc@gmail.com

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We're back with another season of Baas and Bleats, the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioner's podcast! This year, Dr. Sarah Lowrey will be breaking down current research projects that pertain to the care and wellbeing of small ruminants, camelids, and cervids. She will be speaking with the experts to help practitioners, producers, and anybody interested in owning or working with these species to understand the advances that are being made in understanding these fascinating animals.

Questions or comments can be emailed to: Office@AASRP.org

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Join us for this discussion about urinary calculi (aka bladder stones) with the one and only Dr. Meredyth Jones-Cook of Oklahoma State University. This episode covers stone types, predisposing factors, management strategies, and current knowledge gaps in the field of small ruminant urolithiasis.

The title of today's paper is Mineral Composition of Uroliths Obtained from Sheep and Goats with Obstructive Urolithiasis, published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Volume 31, Issue 4, Jul 2017, pages 961-1362
Access the full text here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.14743

Dr. Jones also references a separate article from Vet Clinics of North America - Food Animal Practice titled Urinary Calculi of Small Ruminants. Published in July 2023, volume 39, issue 2, pages 355-370.
Access the full text here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37032300/

To learn more about the AASRP Research Fund visit: https://aasrp.org/Main/Main/Research/AASRP-Research-Grant.aspx?hkey=546d2e15-f2cd-4ce8-a837-a16cfd4f3790

If your company or organization would like to sponsor an episode or if you have questions about today's show, email Office@AASRP.org

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Join us for this discussion about colostrum evaluations and benchmarking Dr. Robert VanSaun from Pennsylvania State University. This episode covers IgG concentration, evaluating passive transfer, heat treatment of colostrum, and remaining knowledge gaps in the world of small ruminant colostrum.

Today's episode references several papers including: 

• Dr. VanSaun's Proceedings from the AABP 55th Annual Conference regarding colostrum in lambs and kids (2022): https://bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/AABP/article/view/8638
• Dr. VanSaun's Proceedings from the AABP 45th Annual Conference regarding pregnancy toxemia diagnostics (2012): https://bovine-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/AABP/article/view/3888

• Consensus recommendations on calf- and herd-level passive immunity in dairy calves in the United States: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030220303830

• Heat treatment of colostrum increases immunoglobulin G absorption efficiency in high-, medium-, and low-quality colostrum: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030214000939

• Heat-treated (in single aliquot or batch) colostrum outperforms non-heat-treated colostrum in terms of quality and transfer of immunoglobulin G in neonatal Jersey calves: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030215000181

• Temporal kinetics of bovine mammary IgG secretion into colostrum and transition milk: https://academic.oup.com/jas/article-abstract/99/5/skab083/6170618

To learn more about the AASRP Research Fund visit: https://aasrp.org/Main/Main/Research/AASRP-Research-Grant.aspx?hkey=546d2e15-f2cd-4ce8-a837-a16cfd4f3790

If your company or organization would like to sponsor an episode or if you have questions about today's show, email Office@AASRP.org

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Join us for this discussion about pain control options in goats with Dr. Daniela Luethy from the University of Pennsylvania as we discuss kidding complications in goats that are seen at veterinary teaching hospitals. The primary paper discussed is titled:

“A Multi-Center Study of Uterine Tears and Other Reproductive Complications in Periparturient Goats Presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospitals”

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10658512/

Collaborating teaching hospitals included the University of Florida, Michigan State University, Auburn University, Iowa State University, Louisiana State University, Texas A&M University, UC Davis, University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Tennessee.

Topics discussed include descriptions of kidding complications seen in veterinary referral hospitals with emphasis on uterine tears.

Dr. Luethy also references a paper titled “Sedated cesarean sections are associated with increased kid survival compared to general anesthesia in goats: retrospective cohort of 45 cases (2011–2021)” by Dr. George Lane and colleagues at the University of Florida.

Link: https://avmajournals.avma.org/configurable/content/journals$002fjavma$002f261$002f3$002fjavma.22.10.0466.xml?t:ac=journals%24002fjavma%24002f261%24002f3%24002fjavma.22.10.0466.xml

 To learn more about the AASRP Research Fund visit: https://aasrp.org/Main/Main/Research/AASRP-Research-Grant.aspx?hkey=546d2e15-f2cd-4ce8-a837-a16cfd4f3790
 
If your company or organization would like to sponsor an episode or if you have questions about today's show, email Office@AASRP.org

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Join us for this discussion about the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous administration of flunixin meglumine in goats with Dr. Joe Smith from the University of Tennessee. The primary paper discussed is titled:

“Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Estimated Milk Withdrawal Intervals for Domestic Goats (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) After Administration of Single and Multiple Intravenous and Subcutaneous Doses of Flunixin Meglumine"

Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7248982/

Please remember that flunixin meglumine is only labeled from IV or intramuscular injection and should not be given subcutaneously without the written instructions of a licensed veterinarian in the United States. Use of alternative drugs such as meloxicam is strongly encouraged when IV injections cannot be administered. Practitioners should request withdrawal guidance from the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database (FARAD) before recommending extra-label administration of a medication.

To submit a FARAD withdrawal request follow this link: https://cafarad.ucdavis.edu/FARMWeb/

 To learn more about the AASRP Research Fund visit: https://aasrp.org/Main/Main/Research/AASRP-Research-Grant.aspx?hkey=546d2e15-f2cd-4ce8-a837-a16cfd4f3790
 
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Join us for a discussion about an exciting attempt to determine the cause of a mysterious limb deformity plaguing the Nigerian Dwarf community with Dr. Erica McKenzie of Oregon State University and Dr. Leah Streb of the University of Califorina at Davis.

In this episode we discuss an unpublished study investigating the potential causes of carpal hyperextension in Nigerian Dwarf goats. Data for this project is still being evaluated. This study was proposed and privately funded by a group of Nigerian Dwarf goat owners which is very unique and exciting to have such active involvement and advocacy by animal owners! You can follow along with the progress and results of this study on the Carpal Hyperentension in Goats Facebook page and keep an eye out for Dr. McKenzie and Dr. Streb’s peer-reviewed publication of this research in the future.

To join the discussion on Carpal Hyperextension in Nigerian Dwarf goats on Facebook visit:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/320584909045198/

Questions can be directed to Dr. Streb at lhstreb@ucdavis.edu

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Join us for a discussion about a study that looks at ways to mitigate the pain of disbudding kids with Dr. Whitney Knauer of the Department of Veterinary Population Medicine at the University of Minnesota

In this episode we discuss a 2022 paper looking at the different effects of 3 types of prevention and treatment for the process of disbudding goat kids. This paper is titled Effects of Multimodal Pain Management Strategies on Acute Physiological and Behavioral Response to Cautery Disbudding in Neonatal Goat Kids and can be found at 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36870841/ 

Questions can be sent to Dr. Knauer at knaue020@umn.edu


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Join us for a discussion about a study that looks at using bovine blood as an alternative to caprine blood when goats need a blood transfusion. 

In this episode we discuss a 2021 paper looking at xenotransfusion between bovines and caprines. This paper is titled Preliminary Investigation of Bovine Whole Blood Xenotransfusion as a Therapeutic Modality fo the Treatment of Anemia in Goats and can be found at 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969644/

Questions can be sent to Dr. Breuer at rmbreuer@wisc.edu


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Join us for a discussion about the latest research in Chronic Wasting Disease in cervids.  

In this episode we talk with Dr. Catheryn Haigh with the from the Chief Prion Cell Biology Unit at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health. We do a little looking at CWD's history, the current research and where it is going. 

Questions can be sent to Dr. Haigh at cathryn.haigh@nih.gov

I said I would put a note about testing on deer farms. From what I can find as the only certified test is done during a necropsy any animal that has shown symptoms of CWD should be tested and the entire herd may be depopulated. But actual requirements vary by state. 


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Get a sneak peek of the AASRP annual conference as well as other conferences where our organization provides continuing education opportunities for veterinarian! President-elect Mike Pesato sits down with us to discuss all of the exciting programming coming up for AASRP members. If you are a veterinarian and curious about getting access to these resources and many more, please reach out via email at office@aasrp.org for more information or stop by and say hi at our booths if you are attending AABP, AAEP, VMX, or AVMA. We would love to meet you!

There is still time to register for the AABP/AASRP annual conference September 12-14 in Columbus, OH:
https://www.aasrp.org/Main/Main/Conference/Overview-and-Registration.aspx?hkey=850e339f-dfa8-42dd-a75f-e35ece8f1555

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Join us for a discussion about practical assessments and interventions for newborn small ruminants with Dr. Michelle Kutzler of Oregon State University.  

In this episode we review Apgar scoring as an assessment tool for newborn lambs and their need for intervention after birth as well as a technique for assisting lambs that struggle with the transition of birth called the Madigan Squeeze. This technique was popularized in horses but has also been used in cattle.

Developing a modified Apgar scoring system for newborn lambs:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32827990/

Resuscitation compression for newborn sheep:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33358064/

Dr. Kutzler's work is funded, in part, by the Oregon Sheep Commission:
https://oregonsheepcommission.com/

Learn more about Dr. Michelle Kutzler and her work:
https://anrs.oregonstate.edu/users/michelle-kutzler

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Join us for a discussion about the effects of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (small ruminant lentivirus) on flock management and lamb raising with Dr. Roselle (Rosie) Busch from the University of California's Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR). Dr. Busch is the California Sheep and Goat Veterinary Medicine Extension Specialist and her website can be found here: https://ucanr.edu/sites/sheepngoat/

In this episode we discuss identification of mastitis in pasture-raised sheep and the correlation between mastitis and OPP within a herd. We also discuss how this disease impacts lamb rearing, culling decisions, and intervention strategies on different types of operations ranging from large-scale extensive grazing outfits to small-scale intensively managed farms.

This month's paper is titled "Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Management Practices and Udder Health in California Sheep Flocks and Seroprevalence of Small Ruminant Lentivirus" and can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11350894/

Dr. Busch also hosts her own podcast called "Sheep Stuff Ewe Should Know" with her friends (and skilled sheep producers) Dan Macon and Ryan Mahoney. Give them a listen here: https://open.spotify.com/show/0wu6MF1PIBbcwp9zrJCVqI

If you are interested in attending on-farm lambing school with Dr. Busch in California, follow this link to learn more about Camp Kaos: https://fibershed.org/event/live-lambing-class/

Fibershed is a national organization focused on building regional fiber systems to promote sustainable textile production and environmental health: https://fibershed.org/

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Join us for a discussion about subclinical mastitis in dairy goats caused by non-aureus Staph species (NAS) with Dr. Michelle Buckley. This research was completed during her time as a post-doctoral associate at Iowa State University with support from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program, Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance Across the Food Chain, Grant/Award Number: 2021-69015-33501. Dr. Buckley is currently an Assistant Professor of Clinical Practice at Texas Tech University: https://www.depts.ttu.edu/vetschool/about/meet-our-team/faculty/michelle-buckley/

In this episode we discuss two drugs that can be used in an extra-label manner to address subclinical mastitis in dairy goats during the dry period: Orbenin DC (cloxacillin benzathine) and ToMORROW (cephapirin benzathine). Dr. Buckley's work evaluated how long it took for both drugs to leave the goats' bodies after administration in both meat and milk as well as how effective they were at curing subclinical mastitis due to non-aureus Staph. She also evaluated antimicrobial resistance development due to treatment with these long-acting intramammary products.

The published work that we discuss is titled "Pharmacokinetics of long acting cephapirin and cloxacillin after intramammary administration in dairy goats" and it can be found in the Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvp.13445

Additional publications will be added to the episode notes as they become available.

As part of this research, the Dairy Goat Extension and Education website was developed to provide veterinarians and producers with resources for ensuring antimicrobial stewardship and milk quality in dairy goats. This website includes short video training modules as well as electronic records templates and other useful resources: https://www.dairygoatextension.org/

As we mention several times during this episode, the drug use discussed here is extra-label and will require extended withdrawal recommendations to avoid violative residues in the food supply after use. Please contact the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank for guidance here: http://www.farad.org/

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Join us for a discussion about the most common causes of death in farmed deer in the Midwest with Dr. Amanda Smith, an assistant clinical professor and diagnostic pathologist at the University of Missouri's Veterinary diagnostic lab https://vmdl.missouri.edu/

In this episode Dr. Smith gives an overview of the farmed deer industry in the US with an emphasis on the midwest and discussed her study of causes of mortality in farmed deer from 2004-2023.

This month's paper is titled "Causes of mortality in farmed white-tailed deer in the midwestern United States, 2004–2023" and can be found here: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10406387241271416?casa_token=qKpG47_0zfgAAAAA%3A1qdAgjhmpwdxmLChLxcMMWKbVXYjtmiswVSwKrUfuUzXjgqc_RD2WbRRbWd2qMrtx9WP0o6AAA

Dr. Smith also mentions a study carried out by the University of Wisconsin titled "Cause-specific neonatal mortality of white-tailed deer in Wisconsin, USA" which can be accessed here: https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.21260?casa_token=XifWnG1gdFEAAAAA%3Ah0ZVnTj096vRRAFKwD8Va-xmOYoP9_BtsMfqzDIZaxGbWJyy4Xxskevgu2hHXhqRmhhAzQS7NZVW

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Join us for a discussion about goat hoof care with Dr. Gosia Zobel, Animal Welfare Programmes Coordinator at Companion Animals New Zealand and Research Director at EthicoNZ.

In this episode Dr. Zobel discusses normal goat hoof confirmation, care, and problems with a focus on laminitis.

The papers covered in this months episode can be found at the following links:
The Development of a Hoof Conformation Assessment for Use in Dairy Goats - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/11/973

Seeing beyond gait: A case study identifying chronic laminitis in 3 goats - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921448823001645

Evaluating the long-term conformation and hoof growth effects of starting hoof trimming at 5 months of age in New Zealand dairy  goats - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222007354

Evaluating the immediate effects of hoof trimming on dairy goat hoof conformation and joint positions - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11259-023-10273-0

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Join us for a discussion about continuous blood glucose monitoring and its use in evaluating pregnancy toxemia with Dr. Munashe Chigerwe. Dr. Chigerwe is a Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology at the University of California at Davis's College of Veterinary Medicine. 

In this episode, Dr. Chigerwe discusses the efficacy of using continuous blood glucose monitoring for detecting changes associated with pregnancy toxemia in goats. The paper covered in this months episode can be found at the following link: https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/85/9/ajvr.24.03.0076.xml

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Join us for a discussion about options for euthanasia techniques and aftercare in small ruminants and other livestock species with Dr. Warren Hess, the assistant director of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)'s Division of Animal and Public Health and AVMA's Disaster Coordinator. 

In this episode, Dr. Hess discusses the results of a survey investigating veterinary knowledge surrounding safe carcass disposal after pentobarbital euthanasia. Dr. Hess highlights the concerns regarding pentobarbital use in livestock as it severely limits the disposal options that clients have. Animals that are euthanized using this very commonly used substance may not be used for rendering and burial may result in contamination of groundwater with this toxic compound. The AVMA and AASRP are working to expand veterinarians' understanding of alternative humane euthanasia techniques including gunshot or captive bolt (followed by secondary method) or magnesium sulfate injection. While intrathecal lidocane injection is not currently an approved method of euthanasia by AVMA, it is becoming more widely practiced by equine and food animal practitioners. 

The publication describing the survey which is the focus of today's episode can be found here:

https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/261/11/javma.23.03.0161.xml 

If your company or organization would like to sponsor an episode or if you have questions about today's show, please email Office@AASRP.org

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Join us for a discussion about doe and kid survival metrics based on different sedation and anesthesia protocols with Dr. George Elane, Assistant Professor of Equine Soft Tissue Surgery at Texas A&M University's College of Veterinary Medicine.

In this episode, Dr. Elane discusses the decision-making process for choosing between sedation and general anesthesia for goat c-sections. He also covers the risks and benefits to does and kids when considering both options. Other topics discussed include analgesia protocol options and post-operative antibiotic selection.

More information about Dr. Elane's work can be found here: https://vetmed.tamu.edu/elane-lab/team/

The article discussed in today's episode is titled "Sedated cesarean sections are associated with increased kid survival compared to general anesthesia in goats: retrospective cohort of 45 cases (2011–2021)" and can be found here: https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/261/3/javma.22.10.0466.xml

If your company or organization would like to sponsor an episode or if you have questions about today's show, please email Office@AASRP.org