The Peter McCormack Show (Peter McCormack)

Location: San Francisco
Date: Tuesday, 3rd September
Project: balajis.com
Role: Angel Investor & Entrepreneur

A little over a year ago Coinbase announced the acquisition of Earn.com in a $120 million deal. Earn.com allows users to earn cryptocurrency by replying to emails or completing tasks.

As a vital part of the acquisition, Balaji Srinivasan the CEO and Co-founder moved into the role of CTO at Coinbase where he oversaw the integration of Earn.com into the exchange and the launch of the controversial Coinbase Earn. This allowed users to earn several cryptocurrencies directly from the Coinbase website by merely answering a few questions to aid the education of the exchange users.

After just a year as Coinbase CTO, Balaji has recently departed the company. It was a mixed year for Coinbase with reports of infighting with regards to the direction of the business. Still, they managed to raise $300m, at $7.7bn valuation, navigate a brutal bear market and build out an entirely new infrastructure to support multiple crypto assets.

So, what was life like at Coinbase for Balaji?

Coinbase has often felt the wrath of Bitcoiners, many arguing that they were on the wrong side of history regarding the New York Agreement. Add to this delay in implementing Segwit and supporting other contentious forks, does Coinbase hate Bitcoin?

In Part 2 of my interview with Balaji, we explore the world of Bitcoin, altcoins and Coinbase. Is it irresponsible for Coinbase, an entry-level Bitcoin onramp, to list an ever-growing list of questionable altcoins? Is the earn.com integration encouraging risky token investments?

Balaji Srinivasan joined me in San Francisco to discuss this and lots more. As well as:

• The Earn.com acquisition

• Whether daily active users is a flawed metric for cryptocurrency

• ICO’s, scams and founders dumping on retail investors

• Whether Earn.com should be teaching risk management 

• Democratising investment

• The lack of adoption for many cryptocurrencies

Location: Zoom
Date: Wednesday 5th July
Company: Blockstream, BHB Network, Zap & Strike, Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap, Castle Island Ventures
Role: Director of Research, Director, Founder, Co-Host, Partner

For my 250th show special, I asked some of my favourite Bitcoiners to join me for a panel discussion. In this episode, Andrew Poelstra, Giacomo Zucco, Jack Mallers, Matt Odell, Nic Carter and myself discuss all things Bitcoin.

Michael Saylor is the CEO of MicroStrategy. In this interview, we discuss ossification, user rights, sovereignty, funding Bitcoin development, the political war over digital asset regulation, and the sly roundabout revolution.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-is-forever-money

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Oslo Freedom Forum - June 3-5

niftynei is a CoreLN contributor and a Bitcoin educator. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin education, Lightning development, sovereignty, ecash, ossification, covenants, time-locks, tokens, and zero-knowledge tech.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-truth-about-bitcoin-scaling

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Location: Remotely
Date: Thursday 15th April
Company: Hypersheet
Role: Co-Founder

Bitcoin has broken an all-time high again, rallying to over $64,000 this week, and it appears to be holding its ground with more new investors entering daily. 

Willy explains how he uses models that rely on moving averages to observe the rising “natural price” of bitcoin and how they help him identify the degree to which it is above or below a specific natural range. If it goes up or down too quickly, for example, it might be a good strategy to use a little leverage to ride it back to a more locally appropriate price. 

Managing risk is very important for traders, and Willy takes the time to explain how he uses various strategies to hedge his bets. He also clarified how I could manage my risk of not winning my bet with American HODL.

In this episode, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss moving price targets, hedging my bet with American HODL, and some of the strategies and risks of trading.

Luke Gromen is the Founder and President of Forest for the Trees (FFTT). In this interview, we discuss the state of the economy, government borrowing and the bond market. We explore the implications of increased US government borrowing and spending on debt and taxes. We also talk about cycles of quantitative easing, a comparison of the economies of Argentina and the US, the impacts of inflation on different groups and investment strategies during a recession.

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Luke Gromen has been praised by former clients and colleagues as having a "unique ability to connect the dots". Well, there are lots of dots at the moment, and none of them are static. The economy still seems like it’s in a perilous state with debt levels seemingly out of control. We discussed whether there is a limit to how much money the Treasury can borrow, and how the bond market might be signalling that the Fed needs to restrict borrowing.

We talked about how debt has ballooned as a result of the reliance on quantitative easing (QE) as a means to bring down interest rates. As Luke explained, this tool results in inflation, the need to raise interest rates again, then rinse and repeat. This cycle has been ongoing since 2014 when global central banks stopped growing their holdings of reserves.

The issue is who will buy the US’s burgeoning debt? Many expect the US to follow Japan’s model if the Fed starts buying bonds. However, Luke stated that the US risks mirroring Argentina’s economic situation as US government debt is financed mostly by foreign entities. This significantly hinders the US government's flexibility: it constrains money printing, adds upside risk to bond rates and makes containing a spiralling debt burden much more difficult.

The economic system's evolution over the past 30 years has contributed to growing wealth inequality and unrest. We discussed how these issues are manifesting in the US, suggesting that it is likely to be due to the hollowing out of the middle and working classes by successive governments from both sides of the aisle.

The result is a more comprehensive welfare budget, which increases the tax burden. But, given that GDP growth lags behind inflation and consumer spending is down, increased government spending requires more debt. Money printing for entitlements only adds more fuel to the inflationary fire. It is little surprise that Luke remains bullish on Bitcoin.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-vs-the-infinite-money-printer

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats

Macro Alf is the founder of The Macro Compass, an investment strategy firm. In this interview, we discuss QE & debt in Japan, instability from artificial stability, if a recession is imminent, and the globally managed fiat decline.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-vs-the-fiat-decline

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Max Hillebrand is an economist and open-source entrepreneur who runs Agora Towards Liberty. In this interview, we discuss the release of Wasabi Wallet 2.0 that he has been contributing to, the importance of CoinJoin, providing easy privacy for everyone, and why the personal risks of facilitating privacy are worth it.

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Every year increasing volumes of personal digital data are being leaked. As the general public doesn’t perceive the impacts to be immediately damaging, there is insufficient consideration for the risks posed by this creeping encroachment on privacy. But, it is the replacement of cash by digital currencies that is causing privacy advocates real cause for concern.

Removing people’s ability to transact is perhaps the most potent means of control outside of internment. Monitoring and censoring personal transactions by both private institutions and the state is becoming increasingly common. As we saw in Canada, the temptation to use such draconian measures can be too much for governments of all persuasions to resist.

Bitcoin’s censorship resistance is therefore the right tool at the right time. However, maximising the privacy utility of Bitcoin requires certain practices to be adopted by the user, and the application of the right tools. CoinJoin is one such practice, which re-establishes Bitcoin’s fungibility by breaking the traceability of UTXOs. The issue to date has been that such a technique requires reasonably advanced technical skills.

This is where Wasabi Wallet 2.0 seeks to help. It comes with CoinJoin as an automatic built-in function. Privacy as standard. This is a potential game-changer: privacy is obviously easier to maintain when more people are able to remain private.

Ted Cruz is a serving US Senator for Texas. In this interview, we discuss the importance of Bitcoin for Texas and the United States, communicating the threat of CBDCs, the political and regulatory challenges, and Bitcoin’s symbiotic relationship with energy.

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Ted Cruz is one of the most consequential politicians of his generation. He is a strong advocate for liberty and the tools that support freedom within society. It is perhaps no surprise that he is therefore a fan of Bitcoin. But equally, it shows strength and courage as many of those in positions of power still cast aspersions about Bitcoin and its associated community.

Yet, as with all firebrand politicians, Ted Cruz divides opinions. He is uncompromising in his approach to certain issues. He is also part of the modern political game whereby the opposition is deemed to be the enemy. There is an obvious political incentive to adopt such characteristics in terms of being able to clearly delineate your position where there is significant competition for attention.

There are certainly strong critics of Bitcoin within the Democratic party. However, Bitcoin can not be allowed to become a political football. It is still a nascent technology, and its development in the US could still be derailed by damaging regulation. It is imperative therefore that those who back Bitcoin on both sides of the aisle not only work together, but they are seen to be working together (e.g. Lummis and Gillibrand).

Ted Cruz acknowledges this. He knows that his voice has a limited reach within more progressive circles. He needs those who would otherwise be antithetical to his politics to join him, and vice versa, to ensure this technology and its community is not driven out of the US. The basis of the reasoning is sound: it is freedom money that has a symbiotic relationship with energy. Let’s work to ensure politicians can see the issues anew by discarding the broken lens of politics.

Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the recent market turmoil that followed the UK government's proposed tax cuts. Why did the market reaction nearly result in the collapse of UK pension funds? What are the underlying issues? Where are we heading?

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Liz Truss became the UK’s new Prime Minister on the 6th of September. She immediately worked to develop a financial package that would protect people from unprecedented hikes in energy prices. At the same time, Truss was keen to implement a long-held economic ideology predicated on stimulating growth through low taxes and reduced regulatory burdens.

A political judgement was made to prioritise promulgating tax cuts ahead of any assessment of what spending cuts would be required to balance the budget; a huge emergency fiscal package was being combined with reductions in revenue. In the absence of any other information, the market took fright: the government wasn’t deemed to be in control of a burgeoning debt pile.

Immediately following the government announcement, the bond interest rates rose sharply whilst the British pound dropped precipitously. Despite government protests that the market response was due to external factors, the messaging was clear: the UK economy is becoming dangerously unbalanced. Within days the Bank of England had to react and start a £65 billion purchase programme to save a number of pension funds from collapse.

So, what actually happened? Experts, commentators and politicians have argued about the causes and outlook, whilst mortgage rates have rocketed such that emergency payments for energy costs will be dwarfed by additional mortgage payments. Is the UK economy at risk? If so, why, and what is the outlook? Does history teach us anything? And, fundamentally, can debt be brought back under control?

Location: New York
Date: Monday 20th September
Company: XBTO Humla Ventures
Role: Managing Partner

For millennia, technology has shaped society, and sometimes in giant leaps. Whether it’s the invention of gunpowder or connecting our world with the internet, the result is civilisational transformation.

Today, Bitcoin is still a nascent technology, yet it may already be a revolution of value in the digital age. Multiple industries that comprise tens of trillions of dollars may be on the precipice of massive disruption.

So how will this financial transformation play out?

In this interview, I talk to Greg Carson, a Managing Partner at XBTO Humla Ventures. We discuss how technology can reshape society, $20 trillion market disruptions, and Bitcoin’s inevitable design.

Tony Giorgio is the co-founder and CEO of Mutiny Wallet, a self-custodial lightning wallet. In this interview, we discuss the privacy implications of using Lightning Network, challenges faced by Mutiny, the concept of coin swaps, the web-based nature of Mutiny, the Lightning Service Provider (LSP) model, and the potential future developments of Mutiny.

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Just over three weeks ago Mutiny launched what it refers to as the “first self-custodial lightning wallet that runs on the web.” Being web-based means that Mutiny can innovate without the restrictions that can and are placed on wallets distributed via app stores. In this fascinating podcast, Mutiny’s co-founder and CEO Tony Giorgio sets out the background, challenges and future for Mutiny.

Mutiny started as a hackathon project that the founders developed whilst working at Voltage, the Bitcoin-focused infrastructure provider. Voltage supported the founders by allowing them to develop Mutiny whilst also building the lightning service provider for Voltage, which now also powers Mutiny!

Tony discusses the challenges faced with interoperability on lightning nodes, having intuitive payment functionality for non-technical users, and the difficulties of enabling automatic software updates. Tony also explains the concept of coin swaps, how Mutiny utilizes lightning as a contract layer for these transactions, and how this approach eliminates the need for a middleman and allows users to control their funds in new ways.

Tony finally covers the advanced features of Mutiny wallet: integrating cold storage, social tipping, facilitating wallet connections, and other innovative features such as enabling people to manage subscriptions on top of Lightning. Then there are Mutiny’s future plans like integrating e-cash and allowing users to easily transition from a custodial to a non-custodial lightning transaction. It’s an exciting project, to say the least.

Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-mutiny

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence

Location: Austin
Date: Thursday 7th October
Project: From Bars to Bitcoin
Role: Author

The power of a permissionless network means that people are able to participate from all walks of life by removing the ability for any individual to control your money. From billionaires on Wall Street, to street vendors in El Salvador, it is the fairest money the world has ever known. Bitcoin is for anyone. 

The path to bitcoin is different for everyone. While many of the early bitcoiners found it through libertarianism, now most come to Bitcoin, at least initially, to speculate. Justin Rhedrick's story, however, is not like most.

After being released from prison for his role in a home invasion, longtime friend and author of Bitcoin & Black America, Isaiah Jackson, introduced Justin to Bitcoin. 

So how did he go from prisoner to bitcoiner?

In this interview, I talk to Justin Rhedrick, the author of From Bars to Bitcoin. We discuss his imprisonment, the power of discipline, and how bitcoin helped him unlock success.

Dr. Aseem Malhotra is a cardiologist and public health advocate. He has been at the forefront of exposing the influence of Big Pharma on global healthcare systems and calling for a revolution in evidence-based medicine. From critiquing flawed dietary guidelines to challenging the widespread use of mRNA vaccines, Dr. Malhotra has consistently pushed back against corporate interests that prioritise profits over public health.

In this interview, we discuss corporate capture of healthcare, the ethical failures of Big Pharma, and the dangerous consequences of systemic corruption. Dr. Malhotra shares his insights on the pandemic response, vaccine controversies, and how profit-driven medicine has eroded trust in public health. We also discuss solutions for reclaiming healthcare, the power of grassroots advocacy, and the urgent need for transparency and accountability in a system built on exploitation.

Location: Los Angeles
Date: Wednesday 2nd February
Company: Independent
Role: Author

The Bitcoin rabbit hole is a confusing, perplexing, and thoroughly exhilarating experience. It involves the dissolving of previous certainties and the discovery of a labyrinthine mass of revolutionary knowledge. It is a life-changing experience.

This journey necessitates one to consider profound and fundamental concepts that society has almost uniformly forgotten to question: what is the purpose of money, what is the best money, who decides this for us, what is money backed by? The process is like an awakening from a long and childish dream. The result is a realisation that the status quo should and can be changed.

Bitcoin is now ubiquitous; it is easy to forget that it is a nascent and rapidly evolving technology. Despite there being a growing library of valuable information by an illustrious collection of authors, those new to the subject often feel swamped. Particularly as there are factions within the community with sometimes conflicting views and opinions.

That is why it is valuable to have material written by people who have been on that journey of discovery, those who have had to unravel the twisted knot of diverse subjects that underpin Bitcoin: computer science, cryptography, economics, finance, banking, philosophy, civics, geopolitics, law. And perhaps most vitally, those able to provide a neutral position on Bitcoin.

In this interview, I talk to Eric Yakes, author of The 7th Property. We discuss the genesis of the book, the Federal Reserve, the role of libertarianism in our future, and the foundational and unique strengths of Bitcoin.

Location: Remotely
Date: Monday 24th May
Project: The Human Rights Foundation & Castle Island Ventures
Role: Chief Strategy Officer & Partner

Bitcoin is in the midst of an immense cycle of FUD. In the last few weeks alone, Elon Musk has questioned the energy consumption, China has again imposed regulations on bitcoin miners, and even the Pope raised fears concerning fossil fuels.

As Bitcoiners, we are used to the constant stream of attacks, but often the disparagement is down to a lack of understanding of Bitcoin, with people viewing it as just a visa-like payment processor. As Alex Gladstein says, Bitcoin “is not a fintech company competing with Visa. It is a decentralized asset competing to be the new global reserve currency, aiming to inherit the role gold once had and the role the dollar holds today.”

If bitcoin does become the new global reserve currency, superseding the dollar, will that usher in a more peaceful world? And what impact will it have on equality and foreign policy? 

In this interview, I talk to Alex Gladstein, the Chief Strategy Officer at The Human Rights Foundation and Nic Carter, a Partner at Castle Island Ventures. We discuss the petrodollar system, moving to a bitcoin standard and the benefits that it would have on society.

Location: Squadcast
Date: Tuesday 3rd November
Project: Amber
Role: CEO

The sound money properties of Bitcoin attract those interested in Austrian Economics and Libertarianism; in fact, Libertarians were one of the earliest groups of people to adopt Bitcoin and truly understand its importance and value.

Since I've gone down the Bitcoin rabbit hole, Libertarianism has been something that I have paid close attention to on the show. The arguments for an anarchist society are compelling; however, one thing that I have always struggled with is how an anarchist society would work and how we would transition to this from a democratic society.

In this interview, I talk to Aleks Svetski, a Libertarian who has written several articles outlining how he thinks an anarchist society would work. We discuss libertarianism, democratic v anarchist societies and the erosion of individual freedoms.

Former Head of the UK Border Force, Tony Smith, pulls back the curtain on the hidden complexities of immigration and border control.

In this interview, Tony explains how policy, security, and global trends shape the UK’s borders. From asylum seekers and illegal immigration to the economic and social impact of migration, we dive into the challenges of managing a modern border. Tony also shares insights into controversial policies like the Rwanda Plan and the UK’s approach to human rights and deportations.

Location: Remotely
Date: Friday 26th, March
Company: lynalden.com
Role: Macroeconomist

Bitcoin was born out of the 2008 financial crisis when central banks worldwide started printing money at levels never seen before to bail out the banks for a mess they created. 

Now, a decade later, amid a global pandemic, the money printer is again being used to rescue up a faltering economy. This time, the level of money printing dwarfs that of 2008/09.

With the ongoing debasement of fiat currencies globally, inflation is more of a concern than ever before. Bitcoin offers a hedge against the threat of inflation, and with its sound monetary principles, it is the antithesis of the inequity and reckless money printing of central banks.

Corporations are now using Bitcoin as an inflation hedge. When MicroStrategy announced their initial bitcoin purchase in 2020, CEO Michael Saylor explained that he was worried about their cash position being like a ‘$500m melting ice cube’. This sentiment has been echoed by many other corporations, with a record 47 S&P 500 companies citing ‘inflation’ in their 2021 Q1 earnings reports.

The link between printing money and inflation is not black and white, so how is inflation measured? And what are the markets telling us? 

In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss the growing concern of rising inflation, CPI as a measure and what the markets are signalling.

Anita Posch is a fellow Bitcoin podcaster, author, advocate, and educator. In this interview, we discuss her mission to educate Bitcoin educators in emerging countries, the challenges Africans face using Bitcoin, and the numerous innovative Bitcoin initiatives happening in Africa.

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Bitcoin has a tremendous capacity to help people, particularly those living in emerging economies, but a lot of people associate it directly with scams. A large part of this is due to misreporting within mainstream media. Traditional media outlets have incredible reach but seem to lack the care required to provide authoritative balance.

Last Saturday, The Times printed an article with the headline “How the Bitcoin boom led to ‘a giant fleecing of ordinary people’”. The article focused on the numerous events in crypto over the past few months that have wiped out retail investors. But, at no point in the article is there any attempt to differentiate Bitcoin from the crypto market.

The Bitcoin community is therefore lucky to have fearless advocates like Anita Posch, pushing back against the mainstream FUD to educate people on the ground level. This is hard, lonely, but vital work, to provide access to uncensorable money to those who need it the most. It is this type of work that has made the growth and adoption of Bitcoin, despite all the obstacles, a silent revolution.

Anita has focused a lot of attention on Africa. She has visited and helped people throughout the continent. Against a backdrop of countries suffering from crippling inflation, corruption and strict currency controls, there are numerous innovative initiatives empowering ordinary people through Bitcoin. These are inspirational stories of normal people doing extraordinary things.

But Anita is one person. She is therefore focused on maximising her impact by educating the educators. To this end, Anita has set up a non-profit initiative, Bitcoin for Fairness. Please give generously. That way you can help Bitcoin’s silent revolution to continue.

Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist, investment strategist and General Partner at Ego Death Capital. In this interview, we discuss the unwinding of the Japan carry trade, the Fed cutting interest rates, how broken money leads to social unrest and what all of this means for Bitcoin.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/lyn-alden-on-japans-unwinding-us-recession-social-unrest

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin

Jesse Powell is the co-founder and Chairman of Kraken. In this interview, we discuss the rising anger over the FTX collapse, parallels with Mt. Gox, FTX’s exploitation of regulatory arbitrage, odd mainstream media reactions, proof of reserves and the future of custodial services.

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FTX has caused untold damage. There could be over 1 million creditors, from large institutions to small retail investors. There are going to be numerous heartbreaking stories of people getting rekt. But, the most significant damage caused by this criminality could be ahead of us. There is a significant risk that a misreading of the causes of this crisis will lead to regulatory damage removing access to Satoshi’s innovation for future generations.

There are many within the industry who were deeply sceptical of FTX and Sam-Bankman-Fried well before the event of the past few weeks played out. The pace of growth, the scale of revenue, and the huge expenditure. To those in the know, none of it made sense unless FTX was involved in nefarious activities. And yet, SBF was rubbing shoulders with DC politicians whilst shaping the laws to be applied to the industry.

In short order, the whole facade has come crumbling down. Stories of drug taking, polyamory, and excess within the criminal empire have emerged, confessions have been made that the effective altruism promotion was a sham, and then SBF engaged in a bizarre media campaign via Twitter. FTX’s new CEO brought in to organise its bankruptcy process stated in his 40 years of restructuring companies (including Enron) he’s never seen anything as bad as this.

So, in the face of this obvious narcissistic and incompetent criminality, why have there been a number of puff pieces in the media? Why did DC take the warnings that were made seriously? And how is it justified for politicians to threaten a sweeping global legal framework for Bitcoin and crypto? Strange things are happening, and forces are being aligned against all of us. And yet, we know the community is resilient. This could take years to play out.

Dan Weintraub is a retired history teacher, author and Bitcoin advocate. In this interview, we discuss how fiat money results in a cycle of increasing consumption to meet our need for stimuli, destroying our neurological systems, and how Bitcoin arrests and reverses this cycle.

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Previous societies had been more spiritually centered and had long regarded the roots of materialism (i.e. pride, greed, lust, envy etc.) as being the worst of sins. Then, following industrialisation, materialism has been distorted and promoted as a desirable mindset. The capitalist rationale is obvious: meeting people's needs generates wealth.

But, have fiat currencies locked the capitalist system into a dangerous charade? Increased debt within the system means there is a need for increasing economic activity. This can be met by exploiting people to create superficial desires and wants beyond their actual needs. Advertising is now a ubiquitous facet of modern living: a 24/7/365 machine of selling.

Thus, it is not surprising that as materialism has grown, so has the reaction to it. It has long been lambasted as being harmful to society: excessive consumption can be at once wasteful, polluting and divisive. However, increasing concern has been raised over its destructive effects on human neurology: our brains are being rewired, and we have lost the memory of an alternate way to live.

Materialism enslaves us in an elusive search for satisfying stimuli. A lot of our consumption is driven by an addiction to our brain's chemical reaction: a release of endorphins and dopamine gives us momentary pleasure. With the body's exposure to any drug, we build tolerance. Then, we need a greater high to satisfy our need for stimulation. We’re biologically locked in.

Bitcoin is heralded as the opportunity for a new and more honest economic paradigm. The question is though whether Bitcoin can reset more than just the economic system; can it reset our damaged neurological systems? Can it enable us to re-establish an understanding of the path to more centered and happy lives?

Location: Los Angeles
Date: Thursday 3rd February
Project: Market Disrupters Live
Role: Market Analyst

In the last show with Mark Moss, we discussed how society is currently at a rare confluence of 3 revolutionary cycles: political/social/cultural, technological, and financial. In this show, we expand on that thesis by discussing the ramifications of living in an age of great disruption. An age when the previous solid principles underpinning the organisation of operation of society are in flux. 

Truly revolutionary questions that were assumed until recently to have been settled are now being seriously considered as being up for debate. What role, if any, should the state have? How should rules and regulations be determined, implemented, and policed? How can individuals act against the forces of centralization? Can we find truth in this post-fact world?

These questions are being debated as some believe monumental change within society is around the corner: we’re at peak centralisation and could be approaching a ‘Blow-Off Top’. Discordant forces will stretch and meld society into new shapes. Those not prepared will have their futures mapped out for them by others who are.

Those who are self-sufficient will be best placed to react to this changing world; Bitcoin is the means by which people will be able to have geographic freedom so they can escape coercion. Bitcoin is also the basis for helping like-minded groups to mould a new future.   

In this interview, I talk to the serial entrepreneur and market analyst Mark Moss. We discuss peak centralization, the role of a state, the balkanization of society, the need for transparency and truth, and how Bitcoin enables people to free themselves from the tyranny of place.

Derrick Broze is an investigative journalist, author, documentary filmmaker, and activist. In this interview, we discuss Trump & Bitcoin, the Ross Ulbricht case, the rise of the technocratic state, surveillance & privacy and the AI digital arms race.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-technocratic-state

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Location: Los Angeles
Date: Friday 4th February
Company: USC Marshall School of Business
Role: Author and Adjunct Professor of Finance

Bitcoin empowers individuals, the threat to the state is clear. As the New German Chancellor Olaf Scholz asserted in December 2020: “We must do everything possible to make sure the currency monopoly remains in the hands of states.” 

As a response to Bitcoin, the major world economies are pilot testing CBDCs, and pressure is being applied to low and middle-income countries. In October 2021 the IMF stated in its Global Financial Stability Report that “Emerging markets faced with cryptoization risks should strengthen macroeconomic policies and consider the benefits of issuing central bank digital currencies.” 

The privacy concerns emanating from CBDCs are being exacerbated by the same organisations promoting them; in another IMF statement in late 2020 they stated a person's online search and purchase history is a suitable data source for undertaking a credit assessment. In addition, the anonymity of cash is known to be an issue for governments around the world. 

Whilst there are obvious benefits to enabling better payments processes to citizens, CBDCs could also facilitate state controls on how and when people spend money. The Bank of England is considering using smart contracts within a CBDC; the FT raised concerns about the potential for severe restrictions on personal freedom mirroring China’s “social credit” system.

As we have seen, these fears are no longer being seen as theoretical threats that don’t apply to those living in western democracies. What is currently happening in Canada is giving even the most centred observers pause for thought. Bitcoin is the only obvious tool to provide freedom of currency denomination in a secure, trustless way, outside of the purview of Governments. 

In this interview, I talk to the Author and Professor of Finance Nik Bhatia. We discuss the rationale for CBDCs and their limitations, a new form of heavily surveilled ‘free’ banking, Bitcoin as a discovery and a right, and how the Lightning Network makes Bitcoin a currency.

Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the success of Lyn's book before delving into the complexities of the current economic landscape, including the correlation between global liquidity and asset prices, notably Bitcoin. The conversation covers the bond market, inflation measures, bank insolvency issues, and the impact of fiscal policies on the economy. Lyn also shares insights on Bitcoin's price cycles.

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Lyn Alden provides a comprehensive overview of the fiscal and monetary forces shaping 2023 in this podcast. She details how the Federal Reserve's tightening measures were counterbalanced by the Treasury's actions, leading to a stabilization in global liquidity measures. This balance is crucial for understanding asset price movements, with Bitcoin's sensitivity to liquidity dynamics serving as a prime example.

We evaluated the Federal Reserve's performance, monetized fiscal deficits and the state of the bond market. Lyn acknowledged the central bank's challenges and the limitations of their tools in addressing fiscal deficits, a primary inflation driver. Despite relying on potentially outdated models and theories, the Fed has shown adaptability in adjusting policies to the economic climate. Albeit, the level of public debt and deficits may limit the central bank's control.

Lyn posits that inflation, driven by unresolved fiscal issues and energy dynamics, could define the next decade. She discussed the historical context of high inflation and the role of gold and Bitcoin as hedges against currency crises, noting the increasing institutional interest in these alternative assets.

We covered the outlook for Bitcoin in 2024, with Lyn underscoring the importance of viewing its price in logarithmic form, revealing a pattern of resilience and potential normalization among institutions. We also discussed the need for scaling solutions in Bitcoin to make interactions with the asset easier, cheaper, and more efficient. Lyn mentioned the possibility of soft forks and covenants, aiming to empower hubs in the Bitcoin network and improve the user experience.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/2024-the-year-of-the-bitcoin-bull

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic
SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan

Lane Rettig is a core developer for Spacemesh. In this interview, we discuss the much-criticised New York Times article that attacked Bitcoin mining, specifically focusing on its strange attacks on demand response and the strange use of marginal emissions accounting. We also talk about the difficulties of finding truth in a world with misaligned incentives.

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On April 11th, The New York Times (NYT) published a piece of investigative journalism by Gabriel J.X. Dance entitled “The Real-World Costs of the Digital Race for Bitcoin”. The piece stated Bitcoin mines “cash in on electricity — by devouring it, selling it, even turning it off — and they cause immense pollution. In many cases, the public pays a price.” As Margot Paez stated in a brilliant review of the article for the Bitcoin Policy Institute, The NYT’s hit piece is “Absurd”.

The article had been long expected as a number of prominent people within the community have been interviewed for it. What transpired was that any pro-Bitcoin information provided had been ignored. The flip side was the biased representation of Bitcoin mining using flawed analysis, false equivalences, wild extrapolations and incorrect deductions. It is an exemplar of confirmation bias writ large, where the conclusions preceded the investigation.

That Gabriel Dance has no experience of Bitcoin or crypto in any of his previous work is neither here nor there. Any journalist worth their salt knows the basic tenets of reporting: a clinical gathering of evidence, cold interrogation of facts, and an unbiased and clear interpretation of the results. The NYT put’s it best in its mission statement: "seek the truth & help people understand the world".

So, what has happened? A commissioning editor would have signed this off following a modicum of independent fact checking. That it has been published whilst being riven with distortions and mistruths suggests either a corruption of the journalistic practices at The NYT or that their internal systems have been stripped to the bone and the drive for clickbait trumps everything else. Either way, we have a problem, as mainstream fake information spreads like a virus.

Victor Boutros is CEO and co-founder of the Human Trafficking Institute. In this interview, we discuss the anger that drove him into tackling human trafficking in the US and then set out to prove it could be tackled across the globe. His work literally saves lives. He needs support.

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Human trafficking is a hidden scourge. Most of us would assume human slavery is a shameful historical relic. Yet, the market for trading humans is thriving. People are traded for labour and sex in huge numbers. It is estimated that there are at least 25 million victims of this brutal industry, but the true number could be much much higher. Both perpetrators and victims hide in the shadows.

Yet, statistics are just dry numbers. It is the stories of individual victims that evidence the evil that permeates human trafficking. Such stories display the cold heartless depravity that enables some to view others as tradable commodities to be exploited. It is these stories that have driven people such as Victor to dedicate themselves to trying to tackle this issue and save lives.

Victor learnt and honed the skills necessary to combat traffickers in the US. But, with the knowledge that the majority of human trafficking takes place across other countries, he set up the Human Trafficking Institute. This mission has successfully proved that through thorough investigation, and dedicated enforcement, it is possible to curtail this scourge anywhere it exists.

But, this work needs to be scaled, which needs funding. Bitcoiners have shown that they are a force for change, using their funds to help shape a better world in numerous ways. It is Victor's hope that the philanthropic zeal within the Bitcoin community could assist his mission.

Can Bitcoin become the driving force behind the effort to make trafficked people free at scale across the globe?

Gloria Zhao is a Bitcoin Core maintainer. In this interview, we discuss upgrading Bitcoin vs ossifying the protocol, ordinals and mempool “spam”, and the theory & ‘power’ of core developers.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-power-of-bitcoin

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

William Clouston is the leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), advocating for a patriotic, pragmatic, and socially conservative vision for Britain's future.

In this interview we discuss the UK’s pressing challenges. From immigration and housing to free trade and privatisation. Clouston unpacks the policies that have left Britain in crisis. Discover the SDP’s vision for economic reform, border control, and a renewed focus on working-class issues to rebuild trust in UK politics.

Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist, Natalie Brunell is the host of the Coin Stories Podcast, Alex Thorn is the Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy, Thomas Pacchia is co-owner of Pubkey, and Christopher Gordon from Bridge2Bitcoin. In this interview, they discuss how Bitcoin wins, and the CheatCode for business.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-bitcoin-wins

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Consensus - Use code WBD20 to get 20% off your pass

Location: Skype
Date: Monday, 16th March
Project: CoinTracker
Role: COO

Nothing is certain but death and taxes, and for most people, their largest expense is not their rent, mortgage or car, it is their taxes.

Most see taxes as an unavoidable fact of life, however, many Bitcoiners are also libertarians who believe taxation is theft and an infringement on their property rights. So, when I introduced a new What Bitcoin Did sponsor, Cointracker, who helps you prepare cryptocurrency tax returns, I received a few direct messages for supporting “the man”. 

I understand that tax and Bitcoin do not necessarily go hand in hand, with tax being somewhat antithetical to Bitcoin. Bitcoin was created to separate money and state and with that taxation. Tax is not something I support or want to pay; however, I do so to avoid fines and legal retribution.

In this bonus episode of What Bitcoin Did, I talk to Chandan Lodha, the COO of Cointracker. We discuss the ramifications of not filing crypto taxes, techniques to save money on your tax return and major exchanges getting subpoenaed.

Location: Remote
Date: Tuesday 28th December
Project: Tales from the Crypt, the Rabbit Hole Recap
Role: Co-host, host

Twelve months ago, we felt 2020 had been a defining year for Bitcoin, yet it pales into insignificance compared to what bitcoin has done in 2021. Microstrategy, Elon Musk, El Salvador, China, the list goes on. And now we have a football club run on the Bitcoin standard!

Each event was surprising and seismic. And yet, we end the year feeling like the price has tracked sideways (albeit with the characteristic volatility). Now, the year ends with some red lines being drawn by powerful players on either side of the Web3 debate. 

It’s time to take stock, review what just happened and what is in store for 2022.

To round off 2021, I talk to Matt Odell, co-host of Tales From the Crypt and host of the Citadel Dispatch. We discuss everything in Bitcoin in 2021, from the Bitcoin podcast space, price action, Elon Musk, El Salvador, Web3 and a Bitcoin Football Club.

Vivek Ramaswamy is an entrepreneur and author. In this interview, we discuss his thesis that social and political struggles are rooted in the rise of a managerial class dominating society at the expense of everyday citizens. We also talk about the need to revive a binding national identity, and how the social justice movement may be causing more harm than good.

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Public choice theory influenced a generation of conservatives around the world in the 1970s and 80s. In essence, the theory applied economic thinking to political behaviour. It undermined the notion of public interest: it was a nebulous irrelevance in relation to public policy as all individuals, including politicians and bureaucrats, work in their own self-interest.

What resulted was the development of a managerial class that would be incentivized to achieve specific aims through monetary rewards. This class has grown since the 1980s to now represent, in some people’s views, an oversized controlling force within society. However, their decision-making is increasingly outside of the purview and influence of ordinary citizens.

Vivek Ramaswamy believes this friction between managers and everyday people is at the root of the current social and political struggles within society. Exacerbating these tensions are increasing incidents of managers being coopted by elites to do their bidding, undermining constitutional norms. Vivek believes that we are now at a defining moment when the defining principles of political organisation need to be reviewed.

The ideals and principles of the United States, as laid out in the constitution, became a unifying force around which a vibrant national identity was developed. This, until very recently, facilitated and supported American hegemony. But, in short order, that binding sense of a united vision has been replaced by factionalised ideologies that threaten the viability of the American experiment.

The fundamental issue is that the notion of Americanism has been allowed to wither. Vivek believes that to combat China and meet the other great challenges of our age, America must find again a shared national identity that eclipses current partisan divisions. In essence, the US must retrace its steps before venturing forward.

Stephan Livera is the host of the Stephan Livera Podcast, and head of education at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss Argentina’s newly elected Libertarian President, Javier Milei. We talk about his policies, dollarisation, abolition of the central bank and whether he can truly tame Argentina's inflation problem.

- - - -

A few days ago Javier Milei became the world's first anarcho-capitalist leader after his success in Argentina's recent elections. The win signals a big shift in the country's political ideology and economic ambition. His campaign promised to bring libertarian principles for a nation tired of economic troubles & ready for change.

Milei ran his campaign on defunding and dismantling government bureaucracies, abolition of the central bank, and a mass privatisation of state enterprises and dollarization, in an attempt to stabilise Argentina's chronic high-inflation. While these are radical changes, radical may be exactly what Argentina needs and he struck a chord with voters desperate for a departure from perpetual economic crises.

As perhaps the most well-known libertarian politician since Ron Paul, all eyes will be on Milei over the next four years. Can he bring economic stability to Argentina? Will he be able to navigate the political structures without becoming corrupted? Will he really follow through on dismantling the government? And, will this usher in a new wave of Libertarian politicians across the world?

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/mileis-argentine-revolution

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats

Location: Zoom
Date: Wednesday, 8th April
Project: BlockFi
Role: Co-Founders

On March 12th Bitcoin fell by over 50% from ~$8,000 to ~$3,800. One day earlier, the World Health Organisation had escalated the evolving COVID-19 situation to pandemic status, and Bitcoin wasn't alone in this, markets around the world crashed. 

The Coronavirus black swan event caused huge volatility which has been a critical concern held by many Bitcoiners about Bitcoin financial service companies. Critiques of these services have questioned what the impact would be of such an event on crypto-backed loans and whether they would lead to high default rates from borrowers. Would the risk management strategies put in place by companies such as BlockFi be robust enough? 

Coronavirus would trigger the market collapse that would test the doubter's theories.

In this interview, I talk to Zac Prince and Flori Marquez, the co-founders of BlockFi, a bitcoin financial services business. We discuss how they manage high volatility, operating as a custodian and the state of the Bitcoin market.

Richard Tice is a British businessman and politician. He has been serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Boston and Skegness since July 2024 and is the Deputy Leader of Reform UK.

In this interview we discuss why Britain feels broken and how Reform UK aims to fix it. Richard explains the flaws in net zero policies and addresses immigration, NHS inefficiencies, and economic stagnation, laying out bold plans for a better future. We also discuss why the establishment fears Reform UK, what’s driving cultural and financial decline, and how real change can be achieved.

Location: Austin
Date: Thursday, 22nd Nov
Project: Texas Gun Sense
Role: Executive Director (Texas Gun Sense) & Board Member (c)

The 2nd Amendment to the U.S constitution outlines Americans’ right to keep and bear arms. America is now home to more guns than people and is the country with the highest number of deaths by firearms in the world.

The gun debate continues to polarise the nation. While many firmly stand by the constitution and see removing their right to own a gun as an attack on their civil liberties, others see the weapons as a dangerous and unnecessary threat responsible for tens of thousands of deaths per year.

Texas Gun Sense is a group who come at this debate with a more nuanced viewpoint. They aim to bring ‘common-sense, fact-based gun policies to Texas’. The organisation is not anti-gun, but they do support increased and more rigorous background checks alongside education to improve gun safety practices.

In a previous episode, Ragnar Lifthrasir joined me on What Bitcoin Did, and we discussed why he believes it is every American’s right to own a gun. To continue the discussion, in this episode, we hear from Executive Director at Texas Gun Sense, Gyl Switzer and Leesa Ross from Lock Arms for Life, whose son was killed in a handgun accident. We discuss their approach to gun ownership while still supporting the 2nd Amendment.

Location: Los Angeles
Date: Thursday 27th May
Project: Thiel Capital
Role: MD

Bitcoin can be a toxic place. If you question a narrative or fall on the wrong side of a debate, you will quickly find yourself on the receiving end of the ‘bitcoin plebs’, and rarely a day passes without a fight of some kind exploding on Twitter.

Earlier this year, Eric Weinstein found himself amongst a heated discussion after challenging the narratives of bitcoiners across Clubhouse and Twitter.

Eric is a cultural commentator who has been aware of Bitcoin since as early as 2010. Whilst supporting Bitcoin and the community, he does not consider himself a bitcoiner.

In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin maximalism & toxicity, Elon Musk and whether Bitcoin fixes everything. My friend Travis Kling joins me as co-host for this episode.

Location: Remotely
Date: Tuesday 9th March
Company: Validus Power Corp
Role: Bitcoin Strategist

Since early February, 10-year Treasury yields have risen from 1.13% to as high as 1.625%. This rise, which equates to 48 basis points, is the highest in a year and has sparked some bond investors to raise inflation concerns. 

While the Consumer Price Index (a metric for judging the level of inflation) is currently around 2%, analysts suggest the actual inflation rate could be as high as 10%. Because of this and growing uncertainty in the markets, Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss sees Bitcoin as portfolio insurance. He believes that if you don’t own Bitcoin, you are taking “extreme amounts of risk”.

In this interview, I talk with Greg about the growing treasury yields, what this means for the markets, inflation and what a debt spiral means for fiat currencies and bitcoin.

Location: Remotely
Date: Wednesday 7th April
Company: zubymusic.com
Role: Rapper, Podcaster and Author

With the emergence and rapid spread of COVID-19 in early 2020, governments worldwide opted to lockdown in an unprecedented move. After struggling to contain the spread of COVID and the deadliness and contagiousness relatively unknown, they argued that it was a temporary measure and a necessary step to take as they learned more about the virus.

Now, one year on from the initial lockdowns and with vaccination programs well underway, many countries are on their way out of lockdown, but did the lockdowns work? And, was it a necessary reaction to the virus?

In this interview, I talk to rapper, podcaster and author Zuby. We discuss the government's response to COVID, the economic and social impact of lockdowns, libertarianism, and the state's role.

Alex Gladstein is the Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation and Natalie Smolenski founded and leads the Texas Bitcoin Foundation. In this interview, they discuss how Bitcoin is a cheat code for human rights, privacy, sovereignty and the reciprocal loss of trust.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-human-rights

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Jameson Lopp is the co-founder & CTO of Casa. In this interview, we discuss why Casa has extended custody support to Ethereum, important security lessons from the Luke Dashir hack, Bitcoin security & inheritance planning, and how AI came of age in 2022 with the release of ChatGPT.

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Last year provided the most brutal examples of why “not your keys, not your coin” should be the first thing anyone new to the ecosystem learns. Dave Portney’s infamous tweet questioning where his Bitcoin was after FTX blew up, showed how generally unaware people are of the risks associated with exchanges, and the importance of custody in relation to ownership.

However, there are also those who quite reasonably need greater protection than that offered by a hardware wallet. There are many examples of people losing access to their Bitcoin held off-exchange. Further, the hacking of Luke Dashir’s security setup shows the risks of bespoke security solutions. This is where Casa comes in - providing multisig custody solutions for Bitcoin holders.

Casa has now extended its service provision to Ethereum. For Bitcoin maximalists this may be viewed as a red line having been crossed. For those who hold Bitcoin and Ethereum, this may provide a practical one-stop shop solution that convinces them to take their holdings (including Bitcoin) off exchanges. There are merits to both sides of the pragmatism versus maximalism argument, which is sure to continue to be debated throughout 2023.

And yet, history may relegate the significance of the collapses in crypto in 2022 behind last year's massive advances in AI technology. ChatGPT, in particular, has the potential to revolutionise the employment market: online customer services, copywriting, journalism, consulting, academia, computer programming… the disruption to white-collar workers could be unprecedented.

Despite being less than 2 months old, ChatGPT has led to a pervading wave of excitement and hysteria. It is a wake-up call of how technology can rapidly interrupt the assumed order within society. The issue is that it will be followed not only by advances in its own capabilities, but other technologies will follow in biotechnology, VR, nanotechnology etc. etc. etc. Are we on the edge of the greatest revolution to impact humans?

Location: Remotely
Date: Monday 25th January
Company: lynalden.com
Role: Macroeconomist

Since early January Bitcoin has been consolidating between $30k and $40k and the fundamentals and technicals remain strong. Grayscale has ceased their hiatus, MicroStrategy has added to their position during this time and, in early February, will be holding a conference for other corporations to go through their Bitcoin playbook.Since early January Bitcoin has been consolidating between $30k and $40k and the fundamentals, remain strong. Grayscale has ceased their hiatus, MicroStrategy has added to their position during this time and, in early February, will be holding a conference for other companies to explain their Bitcoin playbook.

However, the big story over the last couple of weeks has been Wall Street Bets, the Reddit community taking on Wall Street. These retail investors have picked highly shorted stocks such as GameStop and AMC and bought in huge numbers. Traders activated a massive short squeeze on GameStop, and at least two hedge funds have had to cover their positions at a considerable loss. During this period the GameStop price went from ~$19 to ~$460.

With retail traders desperate to take it to Wall Street, what is the eventual outcome, and what role has the COVID lockdowns and subsequent stimulus played in this?

In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss the Bitcoin price action, retail investors/WSBs and Lyn’s economic analysis of Ethereum. 

Location: El Salvador
Date: Saturday May 8th
Project: tomerstrolight.medium.com
Role: Writer

The inflationary aspects of fiat money and the ultimate control wielded by the central banks create a rigged game that forces us to consume rather than save. As Tomer Strolight puts it, ‘time-travelling thieves are stealing our energy and wealth’. As the soundest money the world has ever known, the magical qualities of Bitcoin fix this.

Tomer Strolight has been pondering Bitcoin’s profound implications for nearly a decade. His writings are unique, elegant tidbits of helpful perspectives for bitcoiners, new and old.

In this interview, I talk to Tomer, and we discuss his many short articles on Bitcoin, the dark magic of fiat money, and why Bitcoin is the most important thing happening in the world.

Location: Remote
Date: Thursday 27th January
Company: Hypersheet
Role: Co-Founder

Given the unprecedented combination of events that impacted Bitcoin in 2021, it is perhaps not surprising that the market currently feels like it’s in uncharted territory. Patterns of trading behaviour have changed, new investors and trading instruments are influencing the price, and the old cycles no longer seem to apply.

This wasn’t forecasted. The rally into the back end of 2021 was expected to be sustained: institutional adoption ramped up. Yet, despite the influx of capital, whales hodling, and even miners keeping hold of their bitcoin, the price has seen a 50% correction since the ATH in early November.

However, shorting Bitcoin from this position would be a bold trade. The old coins are still not selling. Further, positive regulatory clarity could kickstart a rush of institutional capital.

In this interview, I talk to Willy Woo, on-chain analyst and Co-Founder of Hypersheet. We discuss the current Bitcoin price, why it doesn’t look like a bear market, the breaking of the 4-year cycles, and how he’s positioning his portfolio.

Phil Geiger is the Managing Director of Concierge Services at Unchained Capital. In this interview, we discuss how a robust protocol and monetary policy, a vital utility for energy producers and a committed community of hodlers, makes Bitcoin an extremely low-risk investment.

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No other scalable commodity, currency or asset has as robust a fixed supply issuance as Bitcoin. 21 million coins. That’s it. The rough consensus governance process, miners’ financial incentives, and a highly decentralized node verification process combine to make this digital scarcity rigid. No altcoin can compete. “Digital scarcity is a one-time phenomenon” - Phil Geiger, April 2020.

There are those that have been pushing the edges of this assumed commitment. They are motivated by different concerns, chiefly that a declining supply will impact security: how can a 51% attack be avoided when the volume of Bitcoin issued becomes significantly low and eventually finishes? Can transaction fees alone secure the network?

But it is the fixed supply schedule that supports Bitcoin’s value, from which all other considerations follow. According to Phil Geiger, these 21 million coins already exist. Both in terms of the supply schedule and the fixed limit. This is what underpins the huge investment by miners: a transparent monetary policy, and scarcity that supports the price. Changes to this could seriously damage minings assimilation into energy production.

This is what makes, in Phil’s view, Bitcoin an extremely low-risk investment compared to other assets (both digital and physical). The proof is in the hodling behaviour. Using Bitcoin is vital for the transition of Bitcoin from a defensive store of value to a productive medium of exchange, the fact that those hodling Bitcoin for more than a year is at an ATH shows investors still remain extremely confident in its long-term success.

So, what about long-term security? Decreasing block rewards will incentivise miners to maximise the use of block space. Combined with more users this should drive up Bitcoin transaction prices, thereby supporting the transition to a post-block reward world. The issue is whether there are enough incentives to ensure miners don’t game the system. This needs to be debated. But, making Bitcoin inflationary isn’t the answer, because this is the essence of Bitcoin.

Erik Hersman is an entrepreneur and the co-founder of Gridless. In this interview, we discuss how half of all Africans are without access to electricity, the affordability issue affecting the rest who do have access, and how Gridless aims to alleviate this situation by helping to build out cheap sources of stranded renewable energy.

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Africa has an energy problem. It has been estimated that the continent has the potential to produce approximately 2.5 million terawatt hours of energy per year from solar and wind energy. To put that into context, the US uses around 4,000 terawatt hours of energy per year. And yet, approximately half of all Africans lack access to electricity. Furthermore, a large number of those with access struggle with the relatively high costs.

There are a multitude of reasons why this situation has been allowed to develop. But, despite the focus of major NGOs and developed nations, the issue is getting worse: whilst access to electricity is increasing around the world, it is declining in sub-Saharan Africa. And, without access to energy, any plans to improve Africa’s economic future will always be constrained.

While some have seen this as a tremendous challenge, others have recognised it as a tremendous opportunity. Whilst the issue of stranded renewable energy was being mitigated by Bitcoin mining, the costs for the associated equipment were prohibitively high. That was until last year when the problems that beset the mining industry in the US, opened the doors for those looking to harness the power of Bitcoin mining in Africa when the price of ASICs dropped sharply.

The thesis is simple: Bitcoin miners help subsidise the build-out of mini-grids, providing electricity to dispersed and remote communities. As supply and demand find an economic equilibrium, the Bitcoin miners can be redeployed and the process starts in a new location. It is a market-driven solution that provides a return to all stakeholders. The aim is to catalyse the electrification of Africa. It may result in Africa becoming a new home to Bitcoin miners.

Troy Cross is a Professor of Philosopher and Fellow at BPI, and Harry Sudock is Chief Strategy Officer at Griid. This interview was a live recording made at the Bitcoin 2023 Conference in Miami, where we discussed Bitcoin mining: the industry’s rapid evolution, how it’s optimising other markets, and why its relentless search for cheap energy will facilitate human flourishing.

- - - -

Bitcoin mining has been the subject of much controversy and debate in mainstream media. The infamous New York Times (NYT) article in April still casts a shadow over the industry: the piece characterised Bitcoin mining as an exploitative parasite feeding off cheap energy at the expense of local users and the environment. And yet, Bitcoin mining is the exact opposite.

As Troy Cross states in this live interview, when people get to hear the truth about Bitcoin mining's impact on energy systems it “blows their minds!” Harry Sudock adds more colour by explaining how Bitcoin mining is a black hole that sucks in economic utility and spits it out in its most efficient form, making it a revolutionary tool for human flourishing.

Both speakers criticize the media for pushing a biased agenda and cherry-picking data to fit a preconceived narrative. They argue that the truth about Bitcoin mining's impact on energy systems is more complex than the media portrays, but, this doesn’t provide the clickbait media outlets are after. The irony is that the NYT’s mission is “to seek the truth and help people understand the world.”

However, we are optimistic that the tide will soon turn. With this show, both Harry and Troy have been on What Bitcoin Did now a combined 13 times (lucky for us!), and they continue to blow our minds with their tales of the possible worlds opened up by the race for cheap and abundant energy. The other side just doesn’t have the calibre of persuasive, authentic and enthusiastic voices we have.

Jason Brett is a former FDIC regulator who worked through the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. In this interview, we discuss the events that led up to the 2008 GFC, the implosion of IndyMac & subsequent bank-run and what to expect from regulators following the crypto contagion of 2022.

- - - -

In 2008, the Global Financial Crisis brought the economic world to its knees. The crisis was triggered by a combination of factors, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the failure of large financial institutions, and some outright systemic corruption. One of the most notable events during the GFC was the bank run on IndyMac, an institution that failed due to a lack of confidence among its depositors. This event was a clear sign that the financial system was in trouble, leading to calls for greater banking industry regulation.

In response to the GFC, governments around the world implemented a range of regulations. These included increased capital requirements, restrictions on risky lending practices, and increased scrutiny of financial institutions. These regulations aimed to make the financial system more robust and reduce the risk of another crisis.

It's easy to draw parallels to the ‘crypto’ market in 2022. Luna, 3AC, Celcius and FTX all failed because of their lack of adequate risk management, sketchy lending practices, and some out-and-out fraud. Calling into question concerns about the stability and legitimacy of the crypto industry and, unfortunately, dragging bitcoin into this discussion.

While we may see Bitcoin as totally separate to 'crypto', lawmakers and decision-makers do not, and in the fallout from the crypto contagion, we may see draconian regulations impact us going forwards. So what can we learn from the GFC in 2008, and the regulation that may affect us in 2023?

Location: Zoom
Date: Friday, 3rd April
Project: Pantera Capital
Role: Co-Founder & CEO

Markets around the world have posted their worst quarterly results in decades with the FTSE, DJI, S&P500 and many others down over 20%. While the coronavirus pandemic is certainly the catalyst behind this drop, it may have been the pin that popped the global economy propped up by cheap credit.

With the markets falling, the forced closure of businesses and unemployment at record levels, governments around the world have taken unprecedented action with their monetary and fiscal policies.

With huge amounts of quantitative easing globally, this economic event again highlights the benefits of Bitcoin’s monetary policy. It was created in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, born out of years of cheap credit and poor government oversight. Now nearly 12 years since its creation, we are again in a time of financial crisis. So, could this crisis lead people to a non-sovereign, global, immutable, digital, decentralised, hard money?

In this interview, I talk to Dan Morehead, a veteran investor and the co-founder & CEO of Pantera Capital. We discuss the effect of coronavirus on the economy, how the markets will recover, and Bitcoin’s coming of age.

Dylan LeClair is the Director of Bitcoin Strategy at MetaPlanet and Senior Market Analyst at Bitcoin Magazine Pro. In this interview, we discuss Michael Saylor’s Bitcoin strategy, and how they are implementing this at Metaplanet. 

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/microstrategy-metaplanet-real-bedford

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin
Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.

Steve Barbour is the president of the Bitcoin mining infrastructure company Upstream Data. In this interview, we discuss the intricacies of Bitcoin mining, the potential of off-grid Bitcoin mining for oil companies and the growing economic importance of Bitcoin mining. We also talk about the potential of integrating Bitcoin mining with power generation, the geopolitical implications of the shift in Bitcoin mining dominance from China to the US and the future of this sector.

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As the President of Upstream Data, Steve Barbour’s company specialises in building off-grid Bitcoin mining operations for the oil and gas industry looking to utilise otherwise flared or vented methane emissions. The company started by mining Bitcoin itself, but they have now shifted its focus to selling equipment and services to other companies and individuals interested in self-mining.

The podcast covers a wide range of topics, beginning with the intricacies of Bitcoin mining economics. Steve explains the importance of the swings in hash rate and the hash price and the importance of forecasting for making sound business decisions.

We also delve into the ongoing battle between two subsets of the Bitcoin economy: merchants and miners. While merchants prefer low fees to avoid congestion, miners favour high fees for increased revenue. The role of custodians in the Bitcoin ecosystem is also a critical topic: the importance of self-custody and holding your own keys is clear, but it is also recognized that not everyone will be able to achieve this.

We discussed the importance of building a good reputation in the international mining industry. Upstream Data is also concerned about domestic issues as a Canadian company. We therefore talked about the challenges and frustrations faced by Canada, a resource-rich country that should be wealthy but isn't due to various factors. Steve set out his thoughts on the potential for change within the country.

Finally, Steve set out his view on the future of Bitcoin mining and the important voice miners have in the Bitcoin community. There are potential technology advancements that could impact Bitcoin mining, including material science improvements for semiconductors, which could lead to improved efficiency and new applications.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-mining-economics

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats

Dan Held is the Growth Lead at Kraken. In this interview, we discuss the splintering and factionalization of the Bitcoin community, trying to be honest in a toxic environment, update on the Bitcoin supercycle, and Bitcoin application (selling, hodling, lending, and collateralizing).

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Bitcoin is under almost constant attack, but despite significant pressures, efforts to ensure the technology remains truly decentralised and open have been successful, in a large part, thanks to the toxicity within the bitcoin community. But those who have worked at close quarters to the Bitcoin ecosystem have witnessed a rapid evolution and segmentation of beliefs, business proposals, and market for what is still a nascent innovation.

The original libertarian community that nurtured Bitcoin has been diluted by new groups. Conservatives and progressives have aligned themselves to Bitcoin with their own dogmas. In the wake of the maximalist victory in the Blocksize Wars new divisions have arisen based on divergent ideologies. Can we find a unifying narrative to coalesce these factions?

Equally, the industry that has developed around the unique monetary and payment characteristics of the technology has resulted in an explosion of new products and features. No longer is Bitcoin merely a static store of value: hodlers can now lend, short, and collateralize their asset. Should we fully embrace the investment opportunities this asset can provide?

Finally, the cyclical nature of the asset price has continued to evolve. Macro forces, game theory, and geo-political events are potentially aligning to create a supercycle: a new phase of adoption that could propel Bitcoin into becoming a global reserve currency to rival gold. Will those who have prevised such a future be proven right?

Are we finally about to enter a phase when Bitcoin matures and becomes money for all?

Vivek Ramaswamy is a 2024 US presidential candidate. In this interview, we discuss Vivek’s decision to run for president, his experiences in the corporate world and his belief in American ideals like free speech and meritocracy. Vivek outlines his plans to reduce government size, address national debt and protect individual wealth. We also talk about the importance of constitutional principles and why he may be the most pro-Bitcoin candidate in American history.

- - - -

Vivek Ramaswamy has had a massive impact on the Republican primaries. A relative novice in a field of candidates dominated by Republican big hitters like DeSantis, Haley, Christie and Pence, Vivek has rapidly taken his place amongst the leading contenders for the Republican presidential nomination with a largely self-funded campaign. In some polls, Vivek has placed second behind Trump.

A former biotech CEO, Vivek has decided to enter politics as a means to drive change. He states this decision came after witnessing a suffocating environment in corporate America. Vivek's journey into politics is not a conventional one. He is not a career politician, nor does he come from a high-profile business background. Instead, he believes he is an outsider with a unique set of attributes who can offer a viable alternative to the status quo.

We discuss his belief that a strand of progressivism has been weaponized as a deflection tool by those in power to avoid accountability for their failures. Vivek emphasises that his critique of “woke” ideology is not specifically directed at the left, but is based on a reaction to the dangers posed by the merger of state, corporate, and institutional power. All the while, the critical issues being faced by the country, such as drug addiction and the neglect of cities, continue to exacerbate.

Vivek outlines his plan to reduce the size of the federal government by 75% and suggests that the US president has the power to do so on day one. He believes in zero-based budgeting and illustrates the need to reassess the necessity of each budget item from the ground up. He also criticises the trillions of dollars spent on foreign wars and proposes a policy of not providing foreign aid to countries with lower national debt per capita than the United States.

We also discuss the importance of protecting individual wealth and Vivek’s advocacy for Bitcoin. His comprehensive crypto policy includes restoring constitutional principles such as protecting the freedom to code, financial self-reliance and the freedom to innovate. And, for a community where signal is everything, it’s important to note that he’s the first Republican politician to enable Bitcoin lightning donations, and he could also be the first-ever presidential candidate to own Bitcoin.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-on-the-ballot

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats

Location: Squadcast
Date: Wednesday 30th September
Company: Human Rights Foundation & BYSOL
Role: Chief Strategy Officer

Belarus is in the midst of massive protests, sparked in August by an election win for the long time leader of the country, Alexander Lukashenko. Lukashenko has been in power since the first presidential election in Belarus in 1994 when the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. The constitution following independence limited presidents to two terms but Lukashenko fought to change this and has remained in power since.

Following the disputed election on August 9th hundreds of thousands of people have taken to the streets claiming Lukashenko rigged the election results. Opposition leader Svetlana Tikhanovskaya is claiming that she is the rightful president with reports that she had won 60-70% of the votes.

These marches have become violent with Lukashenko's state security forces using rubber bullets, tear gas and extreme brutality against the protesters.

Protestors are targeting state infrastructure by striking. To support those standing up to the regime, the Human Rights Foundation has set up a Belarus Solidarity Fund. They are using Bitcoin as a censorship-resistant way of getting money to those striking to supplement their lost wages. 

In this interview, I talk to Alex Gladstein the Chief Strategy Officer at The Human Rights Foundation and Jaraslau Likhachevski from BYSOL We discuss the political situation in Belarus, the protests and how Bitcoin is helping activists.

Location: Squadcast
Date: Monday 21st September
Company: lynalden.com
Role: Macroeconomist

When COVID-19 struck, governments across the world implemented unprecedented stimulus packages to help what were already fragile economies, which had never fully recovered from the 2008 global financial crisis.

While the economy moves in short-term 5-10 year cycles, a larger multi-decade cycle appears to be coming to an end. As governments pursue further rounds of quantitive easing, debt to GDP levels are heading towards what Lyn calls the event horizon, where debt to GDP is over 130% and currency devaluation is the most likely outcome.

Holding cash through a currency devaluation risks losing purchasing power as governments increase the money supply to service debt, thus scarce assets such as gold and Bitcoin are a safe haven. 

In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and founder of Lyn Alden Investment Strategy. We discuss the current state of the economy, monetary and fiscal policy debt cycles and if we should expect currency devaluation.

Location: New York
Date: Wednesday 27th October
Company: Equity Management Associates
Role: Investment Manager

Bitcoin is decentralised sound money whose supply cannot be arbitrarily expanded. It’s a system where no one has an advantage or disproportionate control.

The ability to increase the supply of money is a very powerful tool to wield. Through monetary policy, orthodox economists aim to promote growth and mitigate crises.

However, the Austrian school of economics explains instead that central banks create the environment for crises in the first place.

In the Great Financial Crisis, trillions of dollars were printed to bail out failing banking institutions and stimulate the economy. Instead of repercussions, many bankers received millions in bonuses. While credit markets rebounded, many average Americans lost their homes, their jobs and received no bailouts.

So can Bitcoin help by aligning incentives in society? And what will happen to gold?

In this interview, I talk to Investment Manager and Austrian Economist Lawrence Lepard. We discuss sound money as a moral issue, the monetary role of gold, and why bitcoin is the most important invention in history.

Location: Remotely
Date: Tuesday 15th December
Company: Block Digest
Role: Host

Checking your balance or sending Bitcoin can be as simple as opening an app or scanning a QR code and clicking send, but what is happening behind the scenes to make that happen?

Unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) are the monetary units of bitcoin. They are likes coins and notes in the traditional financial system but can be of any value. 

When accessing a wallet, the software creates your balance by totalling the value of all your UTXOs, and when you want to send someone bitcoin, your wallet selects the UTXOs required to make up the amount you want to send. 

In many cases, wallet software abstracts away UTXOs so that the user does not have to consider them. However, it is a crucial part of the system that, when properly used, can help protect your privacy and reduce your transaction fees. 

In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest. We discuss UTXOs, what they do, how they work and the implications for both privacy and transaction fees.

Location: Remotely
Date: Wednesday 21st July
Role: Author, Student

Bitcoin can take a lot of time to understand, but the core foundations of sound money are relatively straightforward.

For adults, learning about bitcoin often means unlearning the status quo. Understanding bitcoin challenges what we take for granted about the existing monetary system.

While older generations may struggle with bitcoin being digital-only, a digital world is all that young people have ever known. Growing up with computers, the internet, and video game currencies makes understanding a purely digital decentralized monetary network a much easier task.

So what do kids think of Bitcoin? And how can we teach the next generation?

In this interview, I talk to author Michael Caras and student Violet Mauceri. We discuss how digital natives understand bitcoin, the properties of sound money, Bitcoin and Judaism.

Lawrence Lepard is an Investment Manager and Austrian Economist and Quoth The Raven is an independent financial researcher. In this interview, we discuss how the dollar could fall, signals in the bond market, what central banks can do, and the debt spiral unwinding.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fiat-apocalypse

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Jimmy Song is a Bitcoin educator, developer and entrepreneur. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s growing political power, how Lightning has better privacy properties than Monero, why decentralisation is binary, and the moral case for Bitcoin.

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There is plenty to be concerned about in today’s world: economic, social, and political issues are compounding in severity. Solutions from governing elites are in short supply. And there seem to be bad faith actors at every turn. Imagine then a world without Bitcoin.

But whilst people may thank God (or blind serendipity) for Bitcoin, we also need to be cognizant of, and prepared for, the associated pitfalls and critical examinations.

A powerful and growing constituency of Bitcoiners, who cut across political divides, is seen as ripe for cultivating by ambitious and power-hungry politicians. How do we distinguish between genuine support for the community and exploitative manoeuvring?

Further, what about Bitcoin’s fixed monetary policy? In a time of rampant monetary and fiscal stimulus, where inevitable inflationary effects are beginning to bite, Bitcoin’s potential as an unrivalled store of value could see its adoption accelerate.

Those in the industry contend with these concerns at regular intervals. What is apparent is that Bitcoiners are kept energised by Bitcoin’s most unique utility: its strong moral underpinning. This is one of the attributes that give people faith that Bitcoin can be the basis for a better world.

Location: Remotely
Date: Thursday 6th August
Role: N/A, Angel Investor, Author & Entrepreneur

Most Bitcoiners are staunch believers in the technology's potential to facilitate a more honest, fair and prosperous future. 

Bitcoin emerged from the unifying values of crypto-liberty, but as its appeal grows, so does the diversity of the beliefs surrounding it. 

It wouldn't be possible or beneficial for Bitcoin's ideology to become homogenised, but certain values need to be upheld, and a balance must be found in rejecting bad ideas while welcoming new ones.

But if the ultimate goal is to bring Bitcoin to the entire world, how can a leaderless movement bring that to fruition?

In this interview, I talk to American HODL and Angel Investor and Author Jason Williams. We discuss the negatives of cancel culture, asset inflation, buying Lambos and how bitcoiners can manifest the future.

Location: Remotely
Date: Monday 16th November
Company: Brink
Role: Founder

Bitcoin has a market capitalisation of over $300 billion, holding significant value for millions of investors. Yet we all rely on the developer community around the world to protect the network from bugs and attack. The importance of high-quality development and review is paramount to every bitcoiner. However, with no centralised developer fund or company, it can be challenging for developers to find funding.

While there are a handful of companies who actively support Bitcoin development such as Chaincode Labs, Blockstream, Square Crypto, among others, opportunities as a full-time Bitcoin developer are limited. 

Recently, companies in the space have started dedicating funds to developers, including Coinbase and Gemini, recognising that the foundations of their businesses rely on this work too.

John Newbery recently left Chaincode Labs to set up a Bitcoin research and development centre. With Brink, John aims to onboard and fund new Bitcoin developers.

In this interview, I talk to John Newbery to discuss his decision to leave Chaincode Labs, funding for open source Bitcoin development, starting Brink and what he is working on developing.

Brandon Quittem is the VP of Revenue at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss The Fourth Turning, how the cycles play out and what they mean, the clear signs we’re in a fourth turning, the possibility of total war and how Bitcoin can be instrumental in the proceeding first turning.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fourth-turning-is-here

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26

Aleks Svetski is an entrepreneur, author and Bitcoin advocate. In this interview, we discuss his upcoming book “The Bushido of Bitcoin,” governance & power vacuums, monarchy vs democracy, CEO-kings, and virtues for a Bitcoin world.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/a-bitcoin-society

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Location: Los Angeles
Date: Wednesday 2nd February
Company/project: TBA
Role: Retired Tight End

Sean Culkin has lived the dream. An all-round sportsman, he was identified as an American football talent at high school gaining national acclaim in his senior year. There then followed a prodigious college career playing for the Missouri Tigers, which lead to him securing a much sort after professional contract with the LA Chargers.

Professional football careers are unnaturally short: injury and commercial pressures mean most players are lucky to experience more than 2 and a half seasons. Sean Culkin had 4 seasons at three teams, albeit his career was effectively curtailed after he tore his Achilles early into his 3rd season.

Sean didn’t walk for 5 months, and there then followed the harsh realities of having to seek opportunities away from LA to prove himself again in practice and reserve squads. Then, in May of last year, Sean was released, and he decided to make the fateful decision to retire.

The thing is, the dream only manifests as a result of hard work, discipline and sacrifice. Nobody prepares for fate to cruelly cut short a sports career. Then there’s the compounding effect of having to not only find a new path but to replace a life that had been dictated up to that point by routine and teamwork. And do this largely on your own.

Sean, by his own admission, struggled with this transition. He went off-grid, and faced some demons. The measure of a person is how they deal with adversity. And Sean has shown that he has fortitude: he’s turned his life around by developing a Proof of Work mindset.

In this interview, I talk to the former American football player and aspiring entrepreneur Sean Culkin. We discuss sacrifice and hard work, the rigours and harsh realities of American football, the trap of the fiat lifestyle, learning to live in the present, and the next steps.

Location: San Francisco
Date: Tuesday 8th February
Project: Bitcoin Policy Institute
Role: Fellow

On both sides of the Atlantic, politicians and regulators are questioning the sustainability of Bitcoin mining. These positions knowingly or unknowingly use narratives and statistics that have been widely dispelled by authorities within our industry.

Bitcoin is cited as a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, ignoring the detrimental impact of the petrodollar and other institutionally accepted activities. Bitcoin transactions are disingenuously portrayed as being incredibly polluting; as Nic Carter stated “The question of Bitcoin’s energy footprint is riven with misconceptions.”

Usage of renewable power for Bitcoin mining is portrayed as being wasteful as though energy use is a zero-sum game, instead of Bitcoin being a flexible load facilitating increased investment and energy production.

Satoshi Nakamoto even foresaw energy use as being an issue. In August 2010 Satoshi posted “The utility of the exchanges made possible by Bitcoin will far exceed the cost of electricity used. Therefore, not having Bitcoin is a net waste.”

But, despite the obvious attributes of Bitcoin that mitigates its impacts, powerful stakeholders still use environmental FUD to undermine the industry. What if there was a way to explicitly make Bitcoin mining part of the ESG framework rather than having ESG weaponised against the industry? Such an idea would kick away the ladder for Bitcoin mining detractors. Meet Troy Cross.

In this interview, I talk to Troy Cross, a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. We discuss his personal journey of reconciling Bitcoin’s energy footprint, the environmental FUD used against Bitcoin, how Bitcoin mining mitigates climate change, and the game-changing idea to incentivise sustainable Bitcoin mining.

American HODL is an OG Bitcoin investor. In this interview, we discuss ordinals & ‘spam’, why bitcoin makes for a better world, if Wall Street will attempt to change Bitcoin and why we are still so, so early.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-were-still-early

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Allen Farrington is the co-author of ‘Bitcoin Is Venice’ and Eric Yakes is the author of ‘The 7th Property’. In this interview, we do a deep dive into the future of the Bitcoin-centric financial system, focusing on self-sovereignty, scalability, and the future of banking. We also explore the potential of Bitcoin to serve as a superior form of money addressing issues of custody and sovereignty, and the separation of money from state influence.

- - - -

The development of Bitcoin’s ecosystem is a balancing act: making Bitcoin scale whilst ensuring it maintains its offer as a medium for self-sovereignty. In this podcast, we discuss the current trade offs being debated within the community, focusing on the impact of high transaction costs, whether the Lightning Network equates to true self-sovereignty, a growing concern that UTXO ownership might become a privilege, and the role of covenants.

The underlying issue is the potential for the community to develop a neutral financial system directed by market participants. We discuss the potential for Bitcoin to serve as a better form of money, particularly in terms of its scarcity, its speed and cost of movement benefits, and the potential for shared custody models. We address the risks and trade-offs associated with moving into a Bitcoin-centric financial system, particularly in terms of custody and sovereignty.

Eric and Alan explore the idea of reducing information asymmetry and constraints within economies, and the implications for fractional reserve systems. They emphasize the importance of creating systems that increase information transparency and reduce the likelihood of fraudulent activities. The guests also discuss the proposal for “Ark”, its prospective role in a Bitcoin financial system and its potential to address Lightning liquidity issues.

As we move forward, it's clear that the Bitcoin ecosystem is at a crossroads, with emerging technologies offering both solutions and new challenges. The path to a Bitcoin-centric financial system is fraught with technical, economic, and philosophical questions that require our collective attention and ingenuity. This podcast is a chance to hear how two of the community’s leading thinkers are collaborating to consider these complex issues.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/banking-bitcoin

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic
SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan

Nicholas Bowick is a systems engineer in the aerospace industry. In this interview, we discuss emergent behaviors in complex systems, positive and negative feedback loops and chaos vs systemic antifragility.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/why-bitcoins-design-fixes-money

This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth

Everett Redmond is a nuclear engineer working as the Senior Director of Fuel Affairs at Oklo. We discuss the enormous challenges and opportunities in renewing the US’s nuclear fleet over the next decade, Oklo’s development of fast nuclear reactors, and how such small modular nuclear reactors will soon become commonplace.

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Biden’s White House has embarked on an ambitious climate change policy: it plans to eliminate fossil fuels for energy production in the U.S. by 2035. But, as anyone who has knowledge of the energy grid knows, this can not be replaced by traditional renewable energy sources: wind and solar both have intermittency and geographic constraints, hydro is even more geographically limited, and biomass has a range of issues such as the scale of land required and emissions.

Whatever technology is used to produce sustainable energy in the future, it needs to provide a minimum level of base power that can enable human life to flourish in any and every location. Nuclear, despite the widespread fears, presents that opportunity: it is an extremely dense, reliable and effective power source. And yet, political pressure has resulted in the industry flatlining over the past few decades.

Nuclear provides 20% of the US’s energy needs. It has been like this for the past 20 years, over which time only 1 new reactor has been built. This lack of investment means the US nuclear fleet has an average age of over 41 years, the third oldest in the world. Experts realise nuclear needs to be central to Biden’s climate change ambitions. And yet, the renewal of the existing fleet represents a challenge in itself, before thinking about increasing capacity.

But there is a path forward: a new generation of fast nuclear reactors provides an opportunity to have modular designs, streamlining the build and planning process, and reducing costs and development timescales. Such reactors are designed to be inherently safe and can support a range of energy needs beyond just electricity production. Further, such reactors can use spent fuel and significantly limit the amount of waste produced. We are on the cusp of a nuclear future.

Location: Squadcast
Date: Tuesday 3rd November

In July, I tweeted that I would bet anyone $5,000 that Trump would lose the 2020 election. American Hodl took me up on the bet, and with the help of Phil Geiger we each deposited 0.5 BTC into a multisig.

With the election this week, I caught up with American HODL three times, before, during and after the election to discuss everything that is happening.

While Joe Biden went into the election as the clear favourite, according to the polls, it wasn’t long before the narrative switched and by the early hours of election day UK time, Trump looked sure to win.

The following morning, as the results of mail-in ballots hit the counts, the election swung back in favour of Biden. With Wisconsin and Michigan flipping democrat and Pennsylvania threatening to do the same, Biden looks like he may win the race to the Whitehouse. 

The election has not been without drama, with accusations from Donald Trump and his supporters of fraud. Now legal challenges are being submitted, and the path to a decision is unclear.

In this interview, American HODL and I catch up before, during & after the US Election. We follow the ups and downs of election night, Trump threatening legal action in various states, demanding recounts and what happens between now and the inauguration. 

Location: Remotely
Date: Friday 19th February
Company: balajis.com
Role: Angel Investor & Entrepreneur

The corporate adoption of bitcoin has widely defined the last 12 months for bitcoin. Following Michael Saylor’s watershed move, companies such as Tesla and Square have been adding bitcoin to their treasuries.

Many see the next logical step as nation-states adding bitcoin to their reserves. While some countries like Estonia and Malta have been very open to bitcoin, a large number still, at least publicly, have a less welcoming stance.

The Indian government recently announced its intention to ban ‘private’ cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin, fearing adoption would threaten national security and create a capital outflow from the country. Balaji Srinivasan thinks this is the wrong move and put forward the opposite case in his recent article Why India Should Buy Bitcoin.

In this interview, we discuss the benefits to a nation-state adopting bitcoin, why India are the perfect first mover and the demise of Silicon Valley.

Thomas Pacchia is a Bitcoin entrepreneur and the co-owner of Pubkey, a Bitcoin bar in New York City. In this interview, we discuss how a desire to revive a local bar after Covid inspired the establishment of Pubkey, its importance as a focal point for Bitcoin in New York City, and how its success could inspire more Pubkeys in more cities.

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The leisure industry has taken a battering during Covid, and many businesses have fallen by the wayside. These places are hugely undervalued: bars in particular are relaxed locations that can cement neighbourhoods, providing spaces for people to interact outside of the pressures of work and family. And once they’re gone, that’s usually it.

However, bars don’t only work for localised communities, they can act as a haven for disparate communities bonded by a shared passion, heritage or sexual orientation. Heavy metal bars, sports bars, Irish bars, gay bars: these can be vital meeting places for those seeking like-minded people, particularly in an atomised international city. Well, now you can add Bitcoin bar to the list.

Whilst many of us were slowly trying to make sense of the post-Covid world, Thomas and his wife decided to be the change they wanted to see. They saw a chance to take on a local dive bar and create a haven for Bitcoiners in New York. In a few short months, they have turned that pipe dream into a reality. It is now the go-to venue for Bitcoiners in the Big Apple.

Built from the principle that it must first and foremost win its reputation for service, food and ambience, it has also forged a strong and unique Bitcoin-centred character. It hosts regular BitDevs, mining and Lightning meetups. It also hosts events such as live podcast shows! As a result, it has become a very popular haunt. And there are plans for other Pubkeys in other cities.

So, what’s the secret sauce? As a regular punter put it in a recent Bloomberg article about Pubkey “I like drinking and I like Bitcoin”. Simples.

Location: Guatemala
Date: Wednesday 26th May
Project: Head of Business Development
Role: Host

The Gradually, Then Suddenly series by Parker Lewis on the Unchained Capital blog is an excellent resource for readers with any level of knowledge. 

Bitcoin is not intuitive at first, and these articles cover many of the most common sticking points people come across when they fall down the rabbit hole. Parker's writings deeply examine the value proposition of Bitcoin from a first-principles basis.

To truly understand Bitcoin, one must answer the question: what is money?

In this interview, I talk to Parker Lewis, Head of Business Development at Unchained Capital. We discuss money as a coordination function of society, Bitcoin's energy usage, and why you cannot copy Bitcoin.

Adam Wright is a Co-Founder and CEO of Vespene Energy. In this interview, we discuss using landfill methane to power Bitcoin mining, turning waste into an asset, reducing greenhouse emissions, building decentralised baseload energy facilities, and orange pilling local government.

- - - -

According to the Environmental Defense Fund, a leading environmental nonprofit organisation, methane has more than 80 times the warming power of CO2 and drives at least 25% of today’s global warming. Further, it is a short-lived greenhouse gas remaining potent for just 12 years. And yet, for many years climate change strategies focused on reducing man-made carbon emissions.

This is changing: “Reducing human-caused methane emissions is one of the most cost-effective strategies to rapidly reduce the rate of warming and contribute significantly to global efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C… Focused strategies specifically targeting methane need to be implemented to achieve sufficient methane mitigation.” UN Global Methane Assessment 2021.

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a third of US methane emissions are generated by landfills. The EPA recognises that methane recovery is not widespread around the world due to a lack of knowledge regarding technologies, and investment challenges. Last year the EPA issued new mandatory guidelines to reduce these emissions within the US.

So, imagine you were a municipal official with responsibility for landfills, and someone told you they would: take responsibility for converting methane emissions into EPA-compliant carbon emissions, pay you for the privilege with a profit share deal, and, for isolated landfills, build out the potential for a decentralised energy facility. In short, they could turn waste from being a liability, into an asset.

This is what Vespene Energy is proposing. It is hoping to orange pill state and local authorities with their vision of turning methane into Bitcoin. It is another exciting opportunity that Bitcoin opens up; another demonstrable rebuttal of the environmental FUD - enabling the rapid build-out of energy facilities across the thousands of landfill sites across the US, and then the world, whilst tackling climate change. It really is alchemy.

Avik Roy is president of the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity think tank and a policy Editor at Forbes. In this interview, we discuss how society can improve social mobility through free markets, individual liberty, innovation, social integration, energy freedom, housing growth and harnessing good deflation.

- - - -

America was built on the notion of social mobility. The ‘land of opportunity’ opened its arms to the world. And they came from all corners. Most arrived with little to their name. But countless stories of aspirational success followed. Hard work, tenacity, and innovation were rewarded. It wasn’t perfect, but the American Dream was a theme that built a new hegemonic power not on privilege, but on the closest any major power has come to meritocratic society.

That was America up to the 1970s. Since then social mobility has all but seized up, and has even started to decline. We are now entering a period when future generations are likely to be worse off than their predecessors. Is this because governments have failed? Are the libertarians right? Do we need to unshackle humans from collective interference? Or, is there a way for society to flourish with the help of institutional collaboration?

The Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity (FREOPP) have a mission to expand “economic opportunity to those who least have it”. They provide policy advice on all the major areas of governmental concern: criminal justice, health, education, energy, finance, housing, trade etc. etc. The tools it advocates politicians use are individual liberty, free enterprise, technological innovation, and pluralism.

The aim is to make society more equal. Reducing inequality makes society more prosperous. American history is the best evidence for that. Misjudged policies and a reactive and intrusive approach from governments have allowed inequality to increase over the past decades. To change means that the status quo must be challenged.

Such change means looking forward not backwards. Whilst history can inspire, it doesn’t necessarily show the way. New ways of thinking must be embraced. The deflationary forces of innovation must be harnessed. And destructive polarisation must be defeated. American exceptionalism requires a renewed collaborative spirit. Bitcoiners can help drive that movement.

Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the challenges of promoting Bitcoin and its growing acceptance in mainstream media and finance. We delve into Bitcoin scaling, the trade-offs between self-sovereignty and convenience, and the need for education to onboard new users. The episode also covers Bitcoin's role in countries with economic challenges, the empowerment it offers individuals and its transformative potential in society.

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Promoting Bitcoin is no walk in the park. We, as advocates, face resistance from various entities. The scepticism isn't surprising, given the disruptive nature of Bitcoin, but it underscores the need for persistent education to change perceptions and address the biases that often cloud the true potential of this technology. In this latest podcast with Lyn Alden, we dissect the multifaceted nature of Bitcoin, its challenges, and its profound impact on the global stage.

We discuss the marked shift in how Bitcoin is being portrayed in the media, which could signal a move towards hyperbitcoinization – the point where Bitcoin becomes the predominant form of money globally. We also touched on the impact of ETFs on Bitcoin, which could potentially bring more mainstream acceptance and investment into the cryptocurrency space.

I questioned Lyn regarding one of the most contentious topics surrounding Bitcoin i.e. its environmental impact. The energy consumption narrative has been a sticking point for critics, yet Bitcoin mining can incentivize renewable energy development and provide a use case for excess energy that would otherwise go to waste. Moreover, the positive effects of Bitcoin projects in Africa, where access to energy can be a challenge, demonstrate the nuanced relationship between Bitcoin and the environment.

A significant part of our discussion revolved around the scaling of Bitcoin and the concept of self-sovereignty. As Bitcoin grows, the base chain becomes more expensive to use, raising questions about the trade-offs between self-sovereignty and convenience. We talk about the role of the Lightning Network and the importance of education in onboarding new users. We also cover the concept of "mints", which could revolutionize the way Bitcoin is managed and distributed.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-economics-of-bitcoin-scaling

This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default
Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic
SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan

Dhruv Bansal is a co-founder of Unchained Capital. In this interview, we discuss how Satoshi approached creating Bitcoin, Bitcoin’s deep relationship with time, how markets drive decentralisation, and scaling vs ossification.

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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-satoshis-vision

This episode’s sponsors:
Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably.
Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet
Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Bitcoin Policy Summit - Washington, D.C - April 9th, 2024

Will Storr is an acclaimed author, journalist, and storyteller, specializing in exploring human psychology, status dynamics, and the power of narratives to shape our lives and societies.

In this interview we discuss the dynamics of status, storytelling, and human psychology. Learn why we chase status, how stories shape societies, and the dangers of ego in modern life. In this thought-provoking episode, Will explores the biological, cultural, and psychological factors that drive human behaviour. Discover the hidden truths behind social media, cancel culture, and why status games dominate our lives.

The Rational Root is a Bitcoin on-chain & cycle analyst. In this interview, 9 months on from our last interview, we look into the various Bitcoin price models Root has developed. We again review his Bitcoin Spiral Models, Bitcoin Hodl price models and Bitcoin halving & cycle charts. We discuss the growing evidence of Bitcoin scarcity, and bullish cases as we approach the next halving.

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In his first interview on What Bitcoin Did last August, the Rational Root made prescient predictions about Bitcoin bear market lows that occurred a few months later. The caveat is that he also stated “You always have to be a bit sceptical about models that predict the future, they can be wrong.” Nevertheless, the models Rational Root has developed have some conspicuous patterns that are worth consideration.

The Bitcoin Spiral chart Rational Root uses is incredibly powerful. It clearly shows a correlation between Bitcoin's price and the halving events. Extrapolating this pattern forward suggests we could be on the cusp of a new bullish price triggered by next year's halving. This phase is predicted to see a material price appreciation between $100,000 and $1 million in the next cycle.

We also debate whether Bitcoin is now correlated with other more significant asset markets, in particular the S&P 500. In essence, is there a correlation between Bitcoin’s price and risk appetite in the investment market? If such a link has been established, and a rescission occurs, this could lead to a deviation from the Bitcoin halving cycle patterns.

But perhaps the most bullish analysis Rational Root has undertaken involves the assessment of demand and supply indicators, such as his "Hodl Model", which predicts the growth rate of illiquid supply in Bitcoin. It’s simple economics that price is affected by the relationship between demand and supply, and, as Rational Root states “Bitcoin is becoming more scarce, and this data is not being paid attention to by many people."

Location: Zoom
Date: Sunday 10th May
Project: Hypersheet
Role: Co-Founder

On May 11th, at block 630000 Bitcoin had its 3rd halving, cutting the block reward issued to the miners from 12.5BTC to 6.25BTC. This reduction in the subsidy is seen by many as a bullish event for Bitcoin. With the block reward cut in half, the amount of Bitcoin available for the miners to sell in the market drops from 1800 BTC/day to 900 BTC/day, reducing the sell pressure from newly minted coins.

Bitcoin’s recent drop in price has been attributed, by some, to miners selling off some of their Bitcoin, to support lower revenues with the blog subsidy halving. 

While miners have typically been the largest sellers in the Bitcoin market, now that the subsidy has again cut in half, Willy Woo has claimed the majority of the sell pressure will not come from the exchanges.

Woo puts this down to the rise in popularity of the derivatives and futures markets on exchanges such as BitMex and Deribit. These exchanges take fees of up to 0.075% per trade and offer high leverage options of up to 100x. As the popularity of these exchanges has grown, so have the fees.

With the selling pressure from miners dropping and the sell pressure from the exchanges growing, is trading detrimental to the growth of Bitcoin?

In this interview, I am joined by Willy Woo, an on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet. We discuss Bitcoin trading, the rise of the unregulated, high leverage futures platforms and if trading is damaging to the growth of Bitcoin.

Steve Parish is a British businessman and the Chairman of Crystal Palace Football Club, known for his role in revitalising the club and his outspoken views on football and business.

In this interview, we discuss challenges of leading a Premier League club. From the impact of big data and AI in football to navigating financial pressures and planning for the club’s future. We also cover the hidden strategies behind the scenes of the Premier League and the balancing act required to maintain success in one of the world’s most competitive leagues.

Erik Hersman is the co-founder of Gridless, & Marshall Long is the Head of Architecture for Rhodium Enterprises. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin in Africa: the need, the use and the support the wider community can give. We also talk about energy poverty in Africa, Bitcoin’s role in supporting mini-grids, and how Gridless’s business model & Marshall’s financing plan accelerate this process.

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There are around 800 million people in the world without access to electricity. Around 75`% of those live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given populations are distributed over vast areas in Africa, and governments have limited access to capital, grid connections can be economically unviable. But mini-grids are also challenging because of the difficulty of getting a return on the high initial investment costs: demand in these poor communities takes time to build.

To date, the only option has been well-meaning but unsustainable charitable ventures that can have unintended negative second-order effects. But then Bitcoin mining showed how curtailed energy can be monetised, and a problem has suddenly become an opportunity. It is estimated Africa could produce 2.5 million terawatt hours of wind and solar energy per year (the US uses around 4,000 terawatt hours of energy per year). The business opportunity is huge.

In the fascinating interview, Eric Hesman of Gridless discusses how his company is partnering with communities in need of energy to provide subsidised power. Marshall Long sets out how his family office is helping with much-needed finance for energy projects in Africa that utilise Bitcoin mining. Together they set out the transformational impact such initiatives could have for the continent.