Long COVID the Answers (Kojala Medical)

Professor David Putrino is a physiotherapist with a PhD in Neuroscience. He is currently the Director of Rehabilitation Innovation for the Mount Sinai Health System, and a Professor in the Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.  Professor Putrino recently opened the Mount Sinai Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness in New York also known as (CoRE) and serves as CoRE’s Family Director and is also a member of PolyBio’s Long COVID Research Consortium.

Today we talk about the pathophysiology of Long COVID in the context of describing research into targeted treatments for the disease.

REFERENCES

1 Proal AD, VanElzakkerMB, Aleman S, Bach K, Boribong BP, Buggert M, Cherry S, Chertow DS, Davies HE, Dupont CL, Deeks SG. SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19(PASC). Nature Immunology. 2023 Oct;24(10):1616-27.

2 Klein J, Wood J,Jaycox JR, Dhodapkar RM, Lu P, Gehlhausen JR, Tabachnikova A, Greene K, Tabacof L, Malik AA, Silva Monteiro V. Distinguishing features of Long COVID identified through immune profiling. Nature. 2023 Nov 2;623(7985):139-48.

3 Long COVID low-dose Rapamycin clinical trial

4 Lumbrokinase LongCOVID & ME/CFS clinical trial

5 Silva J, Takahashi T, Wood J, Lu P, Tabachnikova A, Gehlhausen JR, Greene K,

Bhattacharjee B, Monteiro VS, Lucas C, Dhodapkar RM. Sex differences in

symptomatology and immune profiles of Long COVID. medRxiv. 2024 Mar 2:2024-02.

6 VanElzakker MB, Bues HF, Brusaferri L, Kim M, Saadi D, Ratai EM, Dougherty DD, Loggia  ML. Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [11C] PBR28 PET correlates with vascular disease measures. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

7 Fernández-CastañedaA, Lu P, Geraghty AC, Song E, Lee MH, Wood J, O’Dea MR, Dutton S, Shamardani K, Nwangwu K, Mancusi R. Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation. Cell. 2022 Jul 7;185(14):2452-68.

Professor Danny Altmann is a professor of Immunology at Imperial College London in the UK. In this interview, Professor Altmann defines Long COVID.

Research Articles:

1. Altmann DM, Whettlock EM, Liu S, Arachchillage DJ, Boyton RJ. The

immunology of long COVID. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2023

Oct;23(10):618-34.

2. Elneima O, McAuley HJ, Leavy OC, Chalmers JD, Horsley A, Ho LP, Marks M,

Poinasamy K, Raman B, Shikotra A, Singapuri A. Cohort profile:

post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. International Journal

of Epidemiology. 2024 Feb 1;53(1):dyad165.

3. Scheppke KA, Pepe PE, Jui J, Crowe RP, Scheppke EK, Klimas NG, Marty AM.

Remission of severe forms of long COVID following monoclonal antibody

(MCA) infusions: A report of signal index cases and call for targeted

research. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Jan

1;75:122-7.

Professor James Jackson PsyD is a licensed neuropsychologist and internationally renowned expert on Long Covid and its effects on cognitive and mental health functioning. He is a research professor of Medicine and Psychiatry at Vanderbilt, University School of Medicine Consortium in Nashville, Tennessee in the USA. He is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola about the psychological management of mental illness in Long COVID.

References

1. “Clearing the Fog from Surviving to Thriving with Long COVID – A Practical Guide”.

2. The Long COVID Handbook by Gez Medinger & Professor Danny Altmann

3.Dindo L, Van Liew JR, Arch JJ. Acceptance and commitment therapy: a

transdiagnostic behavioral intervention for mental health and medical

conditions. Neurotherapeutics. 2017 Jul 1;14(3):546-53.

4.REVERSE LC - Randomized trial Evaluating Baricitinib on pERSistent nEurologic and Cardiopulmonary Symptoms of Long COVID

5."Live Like You Were Dying" - lyrics

6.Field Of Dreams -Movie

7.GAD-7

8.The Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale

9.The Impact of Events Scale Revised

10.Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist

This interview is part of our neurological Long COVID section of the series.

Professor Thida Thant MD is an award-winning consultation liaison psychiatrist  and Director of the Psychiatric Consultation for the Medically Complex Clinic at the University of Colorado, where she provides rehabilitation for Long COVID survivors.  She is one of the few psychiatrists we have found who is taking a lead in the rehabilitation of people with complex chronic disease.

References

1 Psychiatric Consultation for the Medically Complex Program at the University of Colorado

2 APA Resource Document on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Subacute & Chronic Long COVID

Dr Richard Baron MD - Immediate Past President and CEO, American Board of Internal Medicine and ABIM Foundation talks about how social media was used in a positive fashion by healthcare professionals to conduct a successful COVID vaccination program during the height of the pandemic.

This podcast was recorded earlier in 2024 prior to Dr Baron's leaving his post as President and CEO of the American Board of Internal Medicine in September 2024

REFERENCE

Lalani HS, DiResta R, Baron RJ, Scales D. Addressing viral medical rumors and false or misleading information. Annals of Internal Medicine.2023 Aug;176(8):1113-20.

Professor Danny Altmann is a Professor of Immunology at Imperial College London in the UK. In this interview, Professor Altmann will describe the functional changes in the body that occur with Long COVID.

1. Altmann DM, Whettlock EM, Liu S, Arachchillage DJ, Boyton RJ. The

immunology of long COVID. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2023

Oct;23(10):618-34.

2.Elneima O, McAuley HJ, Leavy OC, Chalmers JD, Horsley A, Ho LP, Marks M,

Poinasamy K, Raman B, Shikotra A, Singapuri A. Cohort profile:

post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. International Journal

of Epidemiology. 2024 Feb 1;53(1):dyad165.

3.Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F, Arthofer C, Wang C, McCarthy P, Lange

F, Andersson JL, Griffanti L, Duff E, Jbabdi S. SARS-CoV-2 is

associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature. 2022

Apr 28;604(7907):697-707.

4.Stein SR, Ramelli SC, Grazioli A, Chung JY, Singh M, Yinda CK, Winkler

CW, Sun J, Dickey JM, Ylaya K, Ko SH. SARS-CoV-2 infection and

persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy. Nature. 2022 Dec

22;612(7941):758-63.

5.Hany M, Sheta E, Talha A, Anwar M, Selima M, Gaballah M, Zidan A,

Ibrahim M, Agayby AS, Abouelnasr AA, Samir M. Incidence of persistent

SARS-CoV-2 gut infection in patients with a history of COVID-19:

Insights from endoscopic examination. Endoscopy International Open. 2024

Jan;12(01):E11-22.

6.

THIS PODCAST WAS RECORDED ON THE 17th JANUARY 2024

Professor David Cutler, the Otto Eckstein Professor of Applied Economics at Harvard University in the U.S.A., research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and a member of the National Academy of Medicine in the USA talks about the economic cost of Long COVID.

REFERENCES

1 Otto Eckstein

2 Cutler DM, Summers LH. The COVID-19 pandemic and the $16 trillion virus. Jama. 2020

Oct 20;324(15):1495-6.

3 Cutler DM. The economic cost of long COVID: an update. Publish Online July. 2022.

Professor Erica Spatz MD talks to Dr Funmi Okunola MD about the effects of Long COVID on the heart. Professor Spatz is a cardiologist and clinical investigator at the Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation. She is the Associate Professor of Cardiology and Associate Professor of Epidemiology at Yale School of Medicine in the USA and is the Director of the Preventative Cardiovascular Health Program.

REFERENCES

1.Shah SM, Odanovic N, Kunnirickal S, Feher A, Pfau SE, Spatz ES. Chest pain and coronary endothelial dysfunction after recovery from COVID‐19: A case series. Clinical Case Reports. 2022 Apr;10(4):e05612.

2.HilserJR, Spencer NJ, Afshari K, Gilliland FD, Hu H, Deb A, Lusis AJ, Wilson Tang WH, Hartiala JA, Hazen SL, Allayee H. COVID-19 Is a Coronary Artery Disease Risk Equivalent and Exhibits a Genetic Interaction With ABO Blood Type. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2024 Nov;44(11):2321-33.

Professor Todd Davenport is the Professor and Vice Chair of the Department of Physical Therapy in the School of Health Sciences at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California, USA is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola about Post Exertional Malaise in Long COVID and ME/CFS.

REFERENCES

1.    Davenport TE,Stevens SR, Stevens J, Snell CR, VanNess JM. Lessons from myalgic

encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome for Long COVID: Postexertional

symptom exacerbation is an abnormal response to exercise/activity. J Orthop

Sports Phys Ther. 2022.

2.    Long COVID Physio’s Pacing Video

3.    Carruthers et al International Consensus Criteria for ME, which contains the criteria for PENE

4.    Walitt B, Singh K, LaMunion SR, Hallett M, Jacobson S, Chen K, Enose-Akahata Y, Apps

R, Barb JJ, Bedard P, Brychta RJ. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic

encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nature Communications. 2024 Feb

21;15(1):907.

5.    Appelman B, Charlton BT, Goulding RP, Kerkhoff TJ, Breedveld EA, Noort W, Offringa C,

Bloemers FW, van Weeghel M, Schomakers BV, Coelho P. Muscle abnormalities

worsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID. Nature communications. 2024

Jan 4;15(1):1-5

6.    PEM time course fact sheet

7.    Energy saving tips fact sheet

8.    Heart rate monitor fact sheet

9.    Why do a two-day CPET? Informational sheet

10. 

Dr Funmi Okunola MD interviews Professor Nancy Klimas MD about her research into the use of Monoclonal Antibodies as a possible treatment for Long COVID. We have an exciting and exclusive breaking news item in this episode!

REFERENCES

1 Scheppke KA, Pepe PE, Jui J, Crowe RP, Scheppke EK, Klimas NG, Marty AM. Remission of severe forms of long COVID following monoclonal antibody (MCA) infusions: a report of signal index cases and call for targeted research. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2024 Jan 1;75:122-7.

2 Zuo W, He D, Liang C, Du S, Hua Z, Nie Q, Zhou X, Yang M, Tan H, Xu J, Yu Y. The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in tissues and its association with long COVID symptoms: a cross-sectional cohort study in China. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2024 Apr 22.

3 Hope & Help for Fatigue and Chronic Illness - The Institute For Neuro-Immune Medicine Podcast

4  Appelman B, Charlton BT, Goulding RP, Kerkhoff TJ, Breedveld EA, Noort W, Offringa C,

Bloemers FW, van Weeghel M, Schomakers BV, Coelho P., Wüst Rob.C Muscle abnormalities

worsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID. Nature communications. 2024

Jan 4;15(1):1-5

This is the second of a two-part series of episodes about Paediatric Long Haulers. Dr Danilo Buonsenso is a is a Physician-Scientist and a specialist in Infectious Diseases in children. He talks with Dr Funmi Okunola MD about how to diagnose and manage children with Long COVID.

Dr. Buonsenso currently works at the Department of Women, Child and Public Health at the Gemelli University Hospital in Rome, Italy.

Research Articles and Links:

1. Bygdell M, Kindblom JM, Martikainen J, Li H, Nyberg F. Incidence and characteristics in children with post–COVID-19 condition in Sweden. JAMA Network Open. 2023 Jul3;6(7):e2324246-.

2.Buonsenso & the Kids

3.Long COVID Kids

4.IP4C - Brackel CL, Noij LC, Vijverberg SJ, Legghe CL, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Van Goudoever JB, Buonsenso D, Munblit D, Sigfrid L, McFarland S, Anmyr L. International Care programs for Pediatric Post-COVID Condition (Long COVID) and the way forward. Pediatric research. 2024 Jan 29:1-6.

Professor Nancy Klimas is interviewed about the mechanisms behind how a nebulised medication caused a remarkable recovery from symptoms of ME/CFS and Long COVID in a small group of individuals and her objective to gain the ability to extend this research into a larger population of people with the hope of finding a viable treatment for these diseases.

REFERENCES

1 Gil A, Hoag GE, Salerno JP, Hornig M, Klimas N, Selin LK. Identification of CD8 T-cell dysfunction associated with symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long COVID and treatment with a nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen agent a restropective case series.

2 Long COVID the Answers Episode 6:“PEM, Long COVID & It’s Management featuring Professor Todd Davenport”

3  Appelman B, Charlton BT, Goulding RP, Kerkhoff TJ, Breedveld EA, Noort W, Offringa C,

Bloemers FW, van Weeghel M, Schomakers BV, Coelho P., Wüst Rob.C Muscle abnormalities

worsen after post-exertional malaise in long COVID. Nature communications. 2024

Jan 4;15(1):1-5

4 Oldham WM, Lewis GD, Opotowsky AR, Waxman AB, Systrom DM. Unexplained exertional dyspnea caused by low ventricular filling pressures: results from clinical invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Pulm Circ. 2016 Mar;6(1):55-62.

5 Joseph P, Arevalo C, Oliveira RKF, Faria-Urbina M, Felsenstein D, Oaklander AL, Systrom DM. Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing of Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Chest. 2021 Aug;160(2):642-651.

6 Singh I, Joseph P, Heerdt PM, Cullinan M, Lutchmansingh DD, Gulati M, Possick JD, Systrom DM, Waxman AB. Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19: Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Chest. 2022 Jan;161(1):54-63.

7 Joseph P, Pari R, Miller S, Warren A, Stovall MC, Squires J, Chang CJ, Xiao W, Waxman AB, Systrom DM. Neurovascular Dysregulation and Acute Exercise Intolerance in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pyridostigmine. Chest. 2022 Nov;162(5):1116-1126.

8 Open Medicine Foundation: Dr. David Systrom Discusses OMF's LIFT Clinical Trial

Professor James Jackson PsyD is a licensed neuropsychologist and internationally renowned expert on Long Covid and its effects on cognitive and mental health functioning. He is a research professor of Medicine and Psychiatry at Vanderbilt, University School of Medicine Consortium in Nashville, Tennessee in the USA. He is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola about the nature and rehabilitation of Brain Fog in Long COVID.

He is also author of “Clearing the Fog from Surviving to Thriving with Long COVID – A Practical Guide”.

REFERENCES

1. “Clearing the Fog from Surviving to Thriving with Long COVID – A Practical Guide”.

2. The Long COVID Handbook by Gez Medinger & Professor Danny Altmann

3. MoCa Test

4. Mini Mental State Exam

Dr Funmi Okunola MD interviews Professor Michelle Harkins MD – Professor of Medicine at

the School of Medicine at the University of New Mexico in the USA about how to diagnose Long COVID in Primary Care.  Professor Harkins runs a Post COVID clinic and Project Echo telehealth program that provides real time education and case discussions for community health practitioners for the management of Long COVID in the community.

1. Pinto MD, Lambert N, Downs CA, Abrahim H, Hughes TD, Rahmani AM, Burton CW,

Chakraborty R. Antihistamines for postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2022 Mar 1;18(3):335-8.

2. Brennan CM, Nadella S, Zhao X, Dima RJ, Jordan-Martin N, Demestichas BR,

Kleeman SO, Ferrer M, von Gablenz EC, Mourikis N, Rubin ME. Oral

famotidine versus placebo in non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a

randomised, double-blind, data-intense, phase 2 clinical trial. Gut.

2022 May 1;71(5):879-88.

3. Tosato M, Calvani R, Picca A, Ciciarello F, Galluzzo V, Coelho-Júnior

HJ, Di Giorgio A, Di Mario C, Gervasoni J, Gremese E, Leone PM. Effects

of l-arginine plus vitamin C supplementation on physical performance,

endothelial function, and persistent fatigue in adults with long COVID: a

single-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2022 Nov

23;14(23):4984.

 4. O'Kelly B, Vidal L, McHugh T, Woo J, Avramovic G, Lambert JS. Safety and efficacy of

low dose naltrexone in a long covid cohort; an interventional pre-post study.

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health. 2022 Oct 1;24:100485.

Dr Richard J. Baron MD - President and CEO of the American Board of Internal

Medicine and the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, talks to Dr Funmi

Okunola about how Primary Care needs to adapt to provide medical services for

Long COVID and other forms of chronic disease.

1. The Patient Centered Medical Home, History, Seven Core Features, Evidence and

Transformational Change – Published by the Robert Graham Center, 2007

2. Homer CJ, Baron RJ. How to scale up primary care transformation: what we know and what we need to know?. Journal of general internal medicine. 2010 Jun;25:625-9.

3. The Aspen Policy Strategy Institute

Professor David Putrino is a physiotherapist with a PhD in Neuroscience. He is currently the Director of Rehabilitation Innovation for the Mount Sinai Health System, and a Professor in the Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.  Professor Putrino recently opened the Mount Sinai Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness in New York also known as (CoRE) and serves as CoRE’s Family Director and is also a member of PolyBio’s Long COVID Research Consortium.

Today's episode is the second in a two part series looking at research into potential treatments for Long COVID.

REFERENCES

1 Polybio Article - A clinical trial of repurposed HIV antivirals in Long COVID

2 Patterson BK, Yogendra R, Guevara-Coto J, Mora-Rodriguez RA, Osgood E, Bream J, Parikh P, Kreimer M, Jeffers D, Rutland C, Kaplan G. Case series: maraviroc and pravastatin as a therapeutic option to treat long COVID/Post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC). Frontiers in Medicine. 2023 Feb 8;10:1122529.

3 Polybio Article - Long COVID low-dose rapamycin clinical trial

4 Polybio Article - Lumbrokinase Long COVID & ME/CFS clinical trial

Professor Ric Arseneau MD is a clinical professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and a specialist in internal medicine with expertise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/ CFS), Fibromyalgia and Long COVID. He is interviewed today about ME/CFS by Dr Funmi Okunola MD.

REFERENCES

1. Walitt B, Singh K, LaMunion SR, Hallett M, Jacobson S, Chen K, Enose-Akahata Y, Apps R, Barb JJ, Bedard P, Brychta RJ. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nature Communications. 2024 Feb 21;15(1):907.

2 Project ECHO at the University of New Mexico

3 Dr Ric Arseneau Website

4. ME TV

5 "Family & Friends" - ME TV Video

6 2003 Canadian Consensus Criteria for ME/CFS

7 2016 Definition for Fibromyalgia (FM)

8 Vahratian A, Lin JM, Bertolli J, Unger ER. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in adults: United States, 2021–2022. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics; 2023 Dec 1.

9 "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome More Common than Previous Estimates" - Medical News Dec 2023

10 Hickie I, Davenport T, Wakefield D, Vollmer-Conna U, Cameron B, Vernon SD, Reeves WC, Lloyd A. Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study.Bmj. 2006 Sep 14;333(7568):575.

Three members of the Patient-Led Research Collaborative - Lisa McCorkell, Gina Assaf &

Letícia Soares are interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola about the organisation and the work it does.

REFERENCES

1 The Patient-Led Research Collaborative Website

2 The Patient-Led Research Collaborative Donation Page

3 Portela MC et al. 2024. Protocol for an ambidirectional cohort study on long COVID and the healthcare needs, use and barriers to access health services in a large city in Southeast Brazi. lBMJ Open 14:e086656.

4 Caldas B et al. 2024. Promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion in surveys: insights from a patient-engaged study to assess long COVID health-care needs in Brazil. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 173: 111423

Professor Michelle Harkins MD is Professor of Medicine at the School of Medicine at the University of New Mexico and Division Chief Of Pulmonary Critical Care in the United States of America is interviewed by Dr Funmi Okunola MD about breathing difficulties with Long COVID.

REFERENCES

1 Breathing Difficulty in Long COVID - Long COVID the Answers Website

2. . Evans R, Pick A, Lardner R, Masey V, Smith N, Greenhalgh T. Breathing difficulties after covid-19: a guide for primary care. bmj. 2023 Jun 14;381.

Chimére Sweeney, an award winning , former middle school teacher, writer, film producer, speaker, and long COVID advocate, is interviewed about her Long COVID story. This is the first of two episodes.

REFERENCES

"Could You Hug Me Longer, Please? Reclaiming Touch and Intimacy as a Black Woman with Long COVID". published online in SheKnows February 2023.

Dr Amy Proal, Microbiologist, President and Chief Scientific Officer of Polybio discusses Long COVID in the context of other viral illnesses that lead to Chronic Post Viral Illness. This is part 2 of a 2 part series.

REFERENCES

1. Polybio

2. Proal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021 Jun 23;12:698169.

In this episode Dr Danilo Buonsenso explains the underlying mechanisms of Long COVID in children.

Dr Danilo Buonsenso MD Phd is a Paediatric Infectious Disease Specialist and Physician Scientist who currently works at the Department of Woman, Child and Public Health at the Gemelli University Hospital in Rome.  He has a PhD in Public Health and Biomolecular Sciences and is currently doing his MSc in Infectious Disease at Oxford University.

 References

1.    The WHO definition of Post-COVID condition in children.

2.    Bygdell M, Kindblom JM, Martikainen J, Li H, Nyberg F. Incidence and characteristics in children with post–COVID-19 condition in Sweden. JAMA Network Open. 2023 Jul 3;6(7):e2324246-.

3.     Thors V, Bjornsdottir KL, Love TJ, Haraldsson A. Long COVID in Icelandic Children: A Matched Cohort Study of Nonspecific Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. The Pediatric InfectiousDisease Journal. 2024 Mar 1;43(3):226-33. (behind a paywall)

4.     Delogu AB, Aliberti C, Birritella L, De Rosa G, De Rose C, Morello R, Cambise N, Marino AG, Belmusto A, Tinti L, Di Renzo A. Autonomic cardiac function in children and adolescents with long COVID: a case-controlled study. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2

5.     BaldiF, De Rose C, Mariani F, Morello R, Raffaelli F, Valentini P, Buonsenso D.

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children With Long COVID: A Case-controlled

Study. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2024 May 7:10-97.

6.     Cocciolillo F, Chieffo DP, Giordano A, Arcangeli V, Lazzareschi I, Morello R, Zampino G,

Valentini P, Buonsenso D. Case report: Post-COVID new-onset neurocognitive decline with bilateral mesial-temporal hypometabolism in two previously healthy sisters. Fr

7.    Cocciolillo F, Di Giuda D, Morello R, De Rose C, Valentini P, Buonsenso D. Orbito-frontal cortex

hypometabolism in children with post-COVID condition (long COVID): a preliminary experience. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2022 Aug 1;41(8):663-5.

Gina Assaf & Letícia Soares are interviewed about the work they do as part of the Patient-Led Research Collaborative. In this episode we do a deep dive into their latest publication.

REFERENCES

1 Soares L, Assaf G, McCorkell L, Davis H, Cohen A, Moen J, Shoemaker L, Liu L, Lewis D, Robles R, McWilliams C. Long COVID and associated outcomes following COVID-19 reinfections: Insights from an InternationalPatient-Led Survey.

Dr David Lyons Kaufman is interviewed about Mast Cell Activation Syndrome. Dr Kaufman is a working member of the U.S. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Clinical Coalition and part of the Guideline Committee.  He is a founder and practising physician of the Center for Complex Diseases based in Seattle and California, USA which has a focus on patients suffering from Complex Chronic Disease such as Mast Cell Activation Syndrome ME/CFS & Long COVID.

REFERENCE

Afrin LB, Ackerley MB, Bluestein LS, Brewer JH, Brook JB, Buchanan AD, Cuni JR, Davey WP, Dempsey TT, Dorff SR, Dubravec MS. Diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome: a global “consensus-2”. Diagnosis. 2021 May 1;8(2):137-52.

Chimére Sweeney, an award winning , former middle school teacher, writer, film producer, speaker, and long COVID advocate, is interviewed about her Long COVID story. This is the second of two episodes.

Highly respected investigative science journalist, filmmaker, Long COVID advocate and Long Hauler Gez Medinger talks about his personal Long COVID story in this interview with Dr Funmi Okunola.

REFERENCES

1 The Long COVID Handbook by Gez Medinger & Professor Danny Altmann

2. Patcai J. Is ‘Long Covid’similar to ‘Long SARS’?. Oxford Open Immunology. 2022 Jan

1;3(1):iqac002.

3. Gez Medinger You Tube Channel

4. The Shawshank Redemption

5. PACE trial & ME/CFS & Shepherd CB. PACE trial claims for recovery in myalgic

encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome–true or false? It’s time for

an independent review of the methodology and results. Journal of Health

Psychology. 2017 Aug;22(9):1187-91.

Dr Amy Proal, Microbiologist, President and Chief Scientific Officer of Polybio discusses Long COVID in the context of other viral illnesses that lead to Chronic Post Viral Illness. This is part 1 of a 2 part series.

REFERENCES

Polybio

Proal AD, VanElzakker MB. Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021 Jun 23;12:698169.

Professor Ric Arseneau MD is a clinical professor at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, and a specialist in Internal Medicine with expertise in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/ CFS), Fibromyalgia and Long COVID. Dr Funmi Okunola MD talks to Professor Arseneau MD about ME/CFS, Long COVID and the diagnosis and management of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS).

REFERENCES:

1.Definition of Dysautonomia

2.Dr Ric Arseneau Homepage

3.POTS - NASA Lean Test

4 YouTube Video of Physiotherapy Management of Dysautonomia/POTS by Trineta Mohan Bhojwani