JAMAevidence JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods (JAMA Network)

Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Equipoise in Research—Integrating Ethics and Science in Human Research with Alex John London, PhD

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Equipoise in Research—Integrating Ethics and Science in Human Research

Cost-effectiveness analysis defines trade-offs between costs, harms, and benefits of alternative treatments and combines them into a single metric, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), that can inform decisions about which interventions to recommend when limited resources are available. Gillian Sanders-Schmidler, PhD, professor of population health sciences and medicine at Duke University, explains the method in terms clinicians can understand.

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• Cost-effectiveness Analysis for Clinicians

One of the most common causes for problems we see in manuscripts at JAMA is an inappropriately calculated study sample size. This seemingly mysterious process is explained by Lynne Stokes, PhD, professor of Statistical Science at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.

Clinical researchers and biostatisticians use highly specialized language to help them discuss statistics and research methods efficiently. In 2019 JAMA published the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods, a book of short reviews that translate that specialized language and explain statistics and methods to a broad physician readership. The book's editors and authors, Edward Livingston, MD, and Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discuss their approach to choosing statistical topics and their objectives in compiling the reviews into book format.

Purchase the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods at:

McGraw-Hill:                    ja.ma/StatsGuideMH

Barnes and Noble:           ja.ma/StatsGuideBN

Amazon:                            ja.ma/StatsGuideAmazon

Miguel A. Hernán, MD, DrPH, professor of epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, discusses Target Trial Emulation: A Framework for Causal Inference From Observational Data with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Target Trial Emulation

Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Bayesian Analysis: Using Prior Information to Interpret the Results of Clinical Trials with Melanie Quintana, PhD

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• Bayesian Analysis: Using Prior Information to Interpret the Results of Clinical Trials
• Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia Initiated After 6 Hours of Age on Death or Disability Among Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
• Incorporating Adult Evidence Into Pediatric Research and Practice: Bayesian Designs to Expedite Obtaining Child-Specific Evidence

JAMA Deputy Editor Edward Livingston, MD, discusses Pragmatic Trials: Practical Answers to “Real-world” Questions with Harold C. Sox, MD, of PCORI

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Immortal Time Bias in Observational Studies with Kabir Yadav, MDCM, MS, MSHS.

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• Immortal Time Bias in Observational Studies

Jerome I. Rotter, MD, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, discusses Genome-Wide Association Studies with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Genome-Wide Association Studies

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Hidden Clinical Phenotypes with Heather G. Allore, PhD.

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Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Hidden Clinical Phenotypes With Dr Heather G. Allore

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Worst-Rank Score Methods—A Nonparametric Approach to Informatively Missing Data with John M. Lachin, ScD.

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• Worst-Rank Score Methods—A Nonparametric Approach to Informatively Missing Data

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger Lewis, MD, discusses Regression Discontinuity Design with Matthew L. Maciejewski, PhD.

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• Regression Discontinuity Design
• Using Instrumental Variables to Address Bias From Unobserved Confounders

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Odds Ratios—Current Best Practice and Use with Edward C. Norton, PhD.

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• Odds Ratios—Current Best Practice and Use
• Types and Distribution of Payments From Industry to Physicians in 2015

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Adjustment for Baseline Characteristics in Randomized Clinical Trial with Lars W. Andersen, MD, MPH, PhD, DMSc.

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• Adjustment for Baseline Characteristics in Randomized Clinical Trials

Cluster randomized trials are performed when an intervention must be delivered to a group of patients like when testing new nursing protocols on award or different means for cleaning beds on a ward. One type of cluster trials is called a stepped-wedge where every cluster in the study ultimately undergoes the intervention. How this works it is explained by Susan Ellenberg, PhD, from the Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

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The Stepped-Wedge Clinical Trial

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Use of Run-in Periods in Randomized Trials with Jane M. Armitage, MBBS.

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• Use of Run-in Periods in Randomized Trials With Dr Armitage
• Short- and Long-term Effects of a Mobile Phone App in Conjunction With Brief In-Person Counseling on Physical Activity Among Physically Inactive Women: The mPED Randomized Clinical Trial

Kelley Kidwell, PhD, professor of biostatistics, University of Michigan, discusses Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial Designs

William J. Meurer, MD, MS, University of Michigan Medical School, discusses Interim Analyses During Group Sequential Trials with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Interim Analyses During Group Sequential Clinical Trials

Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Estimands, Estimators, and Estimates with Roderick J. Little, PhD, in the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods series.

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• Estimands, Estimators, and Estimates

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses On Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis with Lawrence Carin, PhD.

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• On Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis

Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Interpreting the Results of Intention-to-Treat, Per-Protocol, and As-Treated Analyses with Valerie A. Smith, DrPH.

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• Interpreting the Results of Intention-to-Treat, Per-Protocol, and As-Treated Analyses of Clinical Trials

Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Randomization in Clinical Trials from the JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods

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Randomization in Clinical Trials

JAMA Deputy Editor Edward Livingston, MD, discusses "Multiple Comparison Procedures" with Dr. Jing Cao, PhD

Benjamin R. Saville, PhD, president and lead statistical scientist of Adaptix Trials, LLC and adjoint associate professor of biostatistics at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, discusses Conditional Power: How Likely Is Trial Success? with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Conditional Power

Anna E. McGlothlin, PhD, Berry Consultants, LLC, discusses Bayesian Hierarchical Models with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Bayesian Hierarchical Models

Andrew D. Althouse, PhD, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discusses The Use of Historical Controls in Clinical Trials with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• The Use of Historical Controls in Clinical Trials

Barbara Wendelberger, PhD, Berry Consultants, discusses Futility in Clinical Trials with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Futility in Clinical Trials

Ed Livingston, MD, FACS, AGAF, discusses Noninferiority Trials: Is a New Treatment Almost as Effective as Another? with Amy Kaji, MD, PhD

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Clinical Research with Kevin P. Weinfurt, PhD, and Bryce B. Reeve, PhD.

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• Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Clinical Research

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger Lewis, MD, discusses Case-Control Studies: Using “Real-world” Evidence to Assess Association, With Dr Irony.

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Adjusting for Nonadherence or Stopping Treatments with Amanda I. Adler, MD, PhD, and Nicholas Latimer, PhD.

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• Adjusting for Nonadherence or Stopping Treatments in Randomized Clinical Trials

John M. Lachin, ScD, Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, discusses Nonparametric Statistical Analysis with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD.

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• Nonparametric Statistical Analysis

Logistic regression is one of the most commonly used statistical analytic tools in the medical literature. William Meurer, MD, from the University of Michigan, and Juliana Tolles, MD, from UCLA, discuss a JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods article they wrote entitled “Logistic Regression Diagnostics: Understanding How Well a Model Predicts Outcomes.”

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Logistic Regression

JAMA Deputy Editor Edward Livingston, MD, discusses Minimal Clinically Important Difference: Defining What Really Matters to Patients with Anna E. McGlothlin, PhD

JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, discusses Time-to-Event Analysis with Juliana Tolles, MD, MHS.

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• Time-to-Event Analysis

JAMA Deputy Editor Edward Livingston, MD, discusses "Cluster Randomized Trials: Evaluating Treatments Applied to Groups" with William J. Meurer, MD, MS