History 102 with WhatifAltHist's Rudyard Lynch and Austin Padgett (Turpentine)

In the debut episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discuss the causes, events, and impacts of World War I. They highlight key turning points such as Germany's Schlieffen Plan and America's late entry into the war. The discussion also explores the significant cultural and social shifts caused by the war including the rise of communism, feminism, and modern art. They also ponder on possible alternatives had Germany won the war. The episode wraps with book recommendations. On this season of HIstory 102 we'll cover WW1, WW2, Classical Greece, the Vikings, Medieval Islam, the rise of Communism, and more. History 102 is a part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: www.turpentine.co --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- HIGHLIGHTS: Introduction to History 102 Erik and Rudyard The Start of World War I The Role of Industrial Revolution in World War I The Impact of World War I on Society The US's Role The Aftermath of World War I What If Germany Had Won World War I? The Legacy of World War I LINKS: WhatifAltHist YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@WhatifAltHist Turpentine: www.turpentine.co BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: Carroll Quigley's Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in our Time John Keegan's The First World War G.J. Meyer's A World Undone  This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today, we're releasing a special episode from the Moment of Zen podcast where Rudyard was the featured guest along with hosts Erik Torenberg and Dan Romero. They discuss his analysis of potential future global events, such as an American civil war and a revolution in China, considering economic conditions, demographics, and societal behaviors. This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – RELATED CHANNELS: Subscribe to Moment of Zen: https://www.youtube.com/@MomentofZenPodcast History 102: https://www.youtube.com/@History102-qg5oj Subscribe to WhatifAltHist: https://www.youtube.com/@WhatifAltHist – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @dwr (Dan) @moz_podcast (Moment of Zen) @TurpentineMedia – BOOKS CITED: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past by David Reich The Coming Caesars by Amaury De Riencourt The Eye of Shiva: Eastern Mysticism and Science by Amaury De Riencourt Bulfinch's Mythology - All Three Volumes - The Age of Fable, The Age of Chivalry, and Legends of Charlemagne by Thomas Bulfinch Dune by Frank Herbert Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari – HIGHLIGHTS: Rudyard and Dan's Approach to History Alt History Modern Civilization and Historical Patterns Possibility of a Civil War? Political Crisis and the Split of States Power of American National Guards Dependence of States on Federal Funding Economic Divide in America Struggles of Average Americans Insane Minorities in Civil Wars Power of Elites in Conflicts Potential for a Competent Trump-like Populist The Future of China and Its Potential Revolution Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatIfAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg uncover the diverse and fascinating world of ancient Greek city-states, beyond Athens and Sparta, and their unique cultures. Discover the realities of ancient Greece beyond the myths, including its complex social structures, its role in philosophy, and its impact on the world. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: Introduction The Geography Connection Greek Dark Ages and Recovery Greek Military and Democracy Athens vs. Sparta Greco-Persian Wars Peloponnesian Wars and Decline Rise of Macedonia The Philosophical Contributions of Aristotle Misunderstandings and Underappreciated Aspects BOOKS MENTIONED: "The Ancient City" by Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges "The Life of Greece" by Will Durant "Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea" by Thomas Cahill "Rise of the West" by McNeil "The Classical World" by Robin Lane Fox Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett talk about the French Revolution and the fascinating parallels between 18th-century French social dynamics and today's political landscape. From bureaucratic upheaval to radical terror, journey through the chaos that transformed France and birthed modern political divisions. Learn how a centralized monarchy crumbled into revolutionary fervor, spawning new ideas of nationalism, secularism, and total war that would reshape Europe. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: The French Revolution and Secular Cycles Open and Closed Societies The French Monarchy and its Attempt to Protect Freedom The French Enlightenment and Modernity Causes of the French Revolution The Internal Conflicts and Instability of the Revolution The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins The Napoleonic Wars and their Impact on Europe The Left and Right in French Politics Counterfactual History: What if the Fronde had succeeded? The French Army and National Identity BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "Fire in the Minds of Men" by James Hadley Billington "The Old Regime and the French Revolution" by Alexis Henri C M Clerel Tocqueville Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg explore the origins, impacts, and global spread of the Industrial Revolution, from 18th century Britain to modern challenges. Unleashing progress or Pandora's box? This episode presents a unique perspective, framing the Industrial Revolution as "the magic of kings" - a transformative force that granted humanity godlike powers while leaving our fundamental nature unchanged. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia - HIGHLIGHTS: Magic of kings vs magic of priests Pre-industrial vs post-industrial life The Unabomber's critique of industrial society Oversocialization and leftism Historical origins of the Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution and its impacts Different models of industrialization Industrialization and European colonialism Post-industrial societies and their challenges Global spread of industrialization Positives and negatives of the Industrial Revolution BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "Why Nations Fail" by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson  "Tragedy and Hope" by Carroll Quigley "Bloodlands" by Timothy Snyder "Enlightenment Now" by Steven Pinker Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatIfAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg talk about the Aryan invasions around 2000 BC and how it reshaped Eurasia from Ukraine to India. This discussion explores their origins, methods, and lasting impacts on genetics, culture, and religion across diverse regions. Discover the shocking truth about the Aryan invasions and why this significant event was hidden from history for decades. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj - RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: BABBEL | WorkOS 🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenberg 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-TCR This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia - RELATED EPISODES: Ancient India Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0jhPHGxxKTWAf5GkDDT0QG?si=ygZ4Z_MaTt-IuvhamBVAiA Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ancient-india/id1730633913?i=1000656237395 Mesopotamia Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1pjImOX4ReJDkEpen0wq2W?si=iz2HdmSDTqWn9JVmPdnJhg Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mesopotamia/id1730633913?i=1000664108773 - HIGHLIGHTS: Academic controversy and recent genetic evidence The "blue pill era" and misconceptions about prehistoric peoples Scope and terminology of Indo-European migrations Geographic origins and pastoralism Development of the chariot and military advantage Genetic patterns in modern European populations Cultural characteristics of herding societies Aryan migrations into Europe Mythology and cultural continuit Aryan invasions in India and the caste system Recommended books and further reading - BOOKS RECOMMENDATIONS: "Who We Are and How We Got Here" by David Reich "Ancestral Journeys: The Peopling of Europe from the First Venturers to the Vikings" by Jean Manco "Comparative Mythology" by Jaan Puhvel "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World" by David W. Anthony Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive deep into the Axial Age, a transformative time that birthed new philosophies and religions. Uncover the surprising link between the invention of coinage, explore the decline of traditional religions, and discover the reasons why people sought new spiritual paths in 500 BC. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Mos4VE3figVXleHDqfXOH Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/complex-systems-with-patrick-mckenzie-patio11/id1753399812 – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – RELATED EPISODES: Ancient India: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ancient-india/id1730633913?i=1000656237395 Ancient China: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ancient-china/id1730633913?i=1000657394929 – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: The Axial Age & Strange Parallels The Role of Urbanization & Coinage Theocracies & Devolving Religion The Rise of Universal Religions Religious Revival & Modern Science Communism as a Religion & String Theory The Impact of Coinage & Breakdown of Social Relationships Social Instability & Moral Dilemma Innovation & Renewal Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle: The Search for Spiritual Truth India: The Rise of Jainism and Buddhism Confucius, Taoism, and the Stability of China The Spiritual Bank Account Misunderstandings and the Importance of Understanding the Axial Age – BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: Religions of the World by Huston Smith: A comprehensive overview of major world religions Philosophic Teachings That All World Religions Share by Huston Smith: Explores common themes across religions Debt by David Graeber: Discusses the economic history of credit and coinage History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell: Provides a detailed account of Greek philosophy The Great Transformation by Karen Armstrong: A comprehensive study of the Axial Age Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett examine the British Empire as history's largest colonial enterprise, analyzing its evolution from America-focused beginnings to India-centered expansion. hey consider the empire's contradictions—brutal exploitation alongside institutional development—while drawing connections between imperial strategies and modern geopolitical realities that continue to shape our world. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE | BREX More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive Ready to take your startup to the next level? Visit https://www.brex.com/grow to join the 30,000+ companies already streamlining their finances with Brex. Get high-yield banking, smart expense management, and scalable financial tools designed specifically for founders who want to focus on building, not bookkeeping. -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DISCUSSION Global Scale and Impact: How the British Empire became history's largest empire, spanning every continent and time zone, with a disproportionate influence on global development. First vs. Second Empire: The transition from the "First British Empire" (focused on America) to the "Second British Empire" (centered on India) after 1763. Colonial Diversity: The varied approaches to colonization across Ireland, America, India, and Africa, showing different colonial strategies. India as Empire Center: How India became the heart of the Second British Empire, with 80% of the empire's population and strategic importance that shaped British global policy. Naval Dominance: Britain's success as a "water empire" built on naval supremacy and strategic control of ports and shipping routes worldwide. Cultural Exchange: The complex cultural influences flowing both ways, with Britain shaping colonies while being transformed by its imperial experience. Economic Evolution: The British Empire's foundation in trading companies and capitalism before transitioning to greater governmental control. Anticlimactic End: How World War I and II led to Britain's decline and the relatively peaceful dissolution of most of the empire. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today, we're excited to announce that Turpentine will be releasing Rudyard Lynch's WhatifAltHist as a podcast feed! Click the link below to subscribe. The highlighted episode we're airing today was touched on in our most recent History 102 episode on China's Modern History. Rudyard lays out his the patterns that predict China's coming socio-economic crisis. --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @dwr (Dan) @moz_podcast (Moment of Zen) @TurpentineMedia – BOOKS CITED: Asian Waters by Humphrey Hawksley Asia's Cauldron by Robert Kaplan Disunited Nations by Peter Zeihan Why Nations Fail by James Robinson and Daron Acemoglu The Origins of Political Order by Francis Fukuyama The Next 100 Years by George Friedman World Order by Henry Kissinger The Best of Times and the Worst of Times by Michael Burleigh Seeing Like a State by James C Scott Destined for War by Graham Allison Crashed by Adam Tooze China's Asian Dream by Tom Miller China by John Keay Mao by Jung Chang The Soul of China by Amaury de Riencourt Oriental Ways of Thinking by Nakamura HIGHLIGHTS Exploring China's Impending Social and Economic Crisis The Western Fascination with Authoritarian Regimes Understanding China's Internal Struggles and Media Misrepresentation The Demographic Challenges Facing China Economic Pressures and Real Estate Bubble in China The Shift Towards Maoism and Increased Oppression The Potential for Revolution and Civil Unrest Predicting the Collapse of Modern China Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explore pivotal historical moments about the English Civil War. They masterfully weave together religious conflict, economic transformation, and cultural dynamics to explain how this crucial conflict shaped modern capitalism, the Industrial Revolution, and even contemporary progressive politics. Their engaging conversation style makes complex history accessible and relevant. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- TIMESTAMPS: Introduction and Significance of the English Civil War The Importance of Engaging with Politics The English Civil War and its Long-Term Effects Context: The 16th Century and the Seeds of Conflict Economic and Religious Factors Underlying Issues and Symbolism in Conflict The English Civil War: A Seesaw Conflict Social Conservatism and the Secular Cycle The Secular Cycle and its Parallels to Modernity Escaping Malthusian Traps The Agricultural Revolution and Property Rights Trade Restrictions and the Industrial Revolution The Anglo Diaspora The Cousin's War and Genetic Factors Cultural Homogeneity and Genetic Markers The Role of Monopolies and Religious Divisions The Spark of the English Civil War The Course of the War The Rise of Cromwell and the Interregnum Cromwell's Rule and Religious Tolerance The Conquest of Ireland and the British Navy Anglo-Dutch Wars The Role of Cambridge and Saxony Puritanism and Modern Progressivism Puritanism and Modern Social Justice The Death of Cromwell and the Restoration The Glorious Revolution and England's Long Period of Stability -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "History of Western Warfare" (Volume 2) by JFC Fuller "History of the English Speaking Peoples" (Volume 2) by Winston Churchill "The Age of Reason Begins" by Will Durant "Protestants: The Faith That Made the Modern World" by Alec Ryrie "Albion's Seed" by David Hackett Fischer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explore how an interconnected world of chariot-riding elites, complex trade networks, and temple bureaucracies imploded within a single generation. From mysterious Sea Peoples to the rise of iron weapons, they unpack how this collapse birthed a new heroic age that gave us the Greeks, Jews, and Persians. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Notion offers powerful workflow and automation templates, perfect for streamlining processes and laying the groundwork for AI-driven automation. With Notion AI, you can search across thousands of documents from various platforms, generating highly relevant analysis and content tailored just for you - try it for free at https://notion.com/upstreampod Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia HIGHLIGHTS: Scale of the Collapse (1200 BC) Happened within a 20-year period Wiped out most civilizations except Egypt and Mesopotamia Affected regions from India to Greece Destroyed highly complex, interconnected societies Pre-Collapse Civilization Advanced trade networks (tin from Britain/Afghanistan, amber from Poland) Complex diplomatic relationships between kingdoms Sophisticated bureaucracies and palace cultures Major powers included Hittites, Mycenaeans, Egyptians, Babylonians Key Contributing Factors Military technology shift from chariots to iron weapons Complex interconnected systems becoming vulnerable Social inequality and oppressive temple-based bureaucracies Climate change (cooling period) The mysterious "Sea Peoples" invasion Post-Collapse Impact Emergence of new civilizations (Greeks, Jews, Phoenicians) Shift from centralized to localized power structures Birth of new cultural and religious systems Changed military and social organization fundamentally Historical Context Comparable to Maya collapse in some aspects Marked the end of the first major civilizational cycle Led to the "Heroic Age" remembered in Greek mythology Created opportunity for new social systems to emerge Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett discuss Victorian Britain as a pivotal historical era characterized by unprecedented innovation, social change, and global influence. They analyze how a small nation drove massive technological and intellectual developments while balancing competing societal forces - scientific rationalism versus romanticism. This episode examines Victorian cultural values, industrialization's impacts, and how this era constructed modern institutions before ultimately collapsing with World War I, suggesting parallels between Victorian challenges and contemporary societal tensions. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS Innovation from a Small Nation: How Victorian Britain sparked disproportionate global innovation through scientific, technological, and philosophical breakthroughs. Competing Forces: The tension between utilitarian/scientific thinking versus romantic/subjective elements in Victorian society. Industrial Transformation: Britain's evolution from rural to urban life and the resulting social and economic impacts. Institutional Foundations: How Victorian economic and cultural institutions were later built upon by the 20th century "managerial state." Challenging Stereotypes: Reassessing common perceptions of Victorians as prudish and emotionless. Navigating Social Tensions: Britain's successful approach to reform that prevented revolution. The World War I Endpoint: How the Great War destroyed Victorian social trust and optimism. Historical Parallels: Connections between Victorian challenges and contemporary societal issues. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett analyze the 1950s challenges common narratives, exploring how post-WWII trauma, technological advancement, and social transformation shaped modern Western society. Through detailed historical analysis, they deconstruct popular misconceptions about the era's conservatism, examining its complex relationship with materialism, bureaucracy, and cultural change. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Second Opinion Join Christina Farr, Ash Zenooz and Luba Greenwood as they bring influential entrepreneurs, experts and investors into the ring for candid conversations at the frontlines of healthcare and digital health every week. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0A8NwQE976s32zdBbZw6bv Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/second-opinion-with-christina-farr-ash-zenooz-md-luba/id1759267211 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@SecondOpinionwithChristinaFarr -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: Post-WWII Society & Psychology The 1950s represented profound psychological changes after WWII trauma The WWII generation coddled their children (the boomers) to shield them from hardship Society had unprecedented prosperity but underlying nihilism Nuclear warfare anxiety significantly shaped the era's mindset Government & Institution Changes Massive expansion of state power and bureaucracy Creation of key federal institutions (FBI, CIA) High tax rates (90% top rate, though with many loopholes) Shift in executive branch power due to nuclear age requirements Cultural Identity Not as traditionally conservative as commonly portrayed More materialistic and state-oriented than previous eras Marked the beginning of "blue pill" era - a society based on platitudes Women's roles were uniquely constrained compared to previous eras Global Context America became the dominant global cultural force Western Europe's decline as a cultural power Formation of the European Union under American influence Beginning of decolonization movements Social Structure Highest standard of living in human history to that point Strong social mobility and relative equality Unprecedented urban population shift Cultural standardization through television and mass media Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In today's episode, Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discuss critical moments in colonial American history -- a span of 180 years before the revolution. They discuss the formation of regional cultures in colonial America, the foundation of modern America, and lesser-studied elements of American history before the revolution. Drawing upon colonial America, the English Civil War, the French and Indian War, they analyze how American culture has been shaped by its history and also delve into the future of America, alluding to a civil war predictor based on patterns from history. Watch this episode accompanied by maps and illustrations on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@history102-qg5oj History 102 is part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: turpentine.co --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive --- RELATED PODCAST: If you dig History 102, we think you'll love Live Players with Samo Burja from Turpentine. Every week Samo and Erik dive into a key power player, institution, or company changing the course of history. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5fbMTkHBnom1JIBWYNVBK1 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1718925188 --- RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Albion's Seed by David Hackett Fisher The Barbarous Years by Bernard Bailyn American Colonies: The Settling of North America by Alan Taylor --- FOLLOW US ON X: @eriktorenberg (Erik) @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @turpentinemedia (Turpentine) FOLLOW US ON YOUTUBE: History 102 https://www.youtube.com/@history102-qg5oj WhatifAltHist [Main] https://www.youtube.com/@WhatifAltHist Upstream with Erik Torenberg https://www.youtube.com/@UpstreamwithErikTorenberg --- HIGHLIGHTS: Exploring Early America Understanding America's British Roots America: A Side Effect of the English Civil War Civil War in the Future The Influence of the English Civil War on American Culture Another Civil War Looming in the Future? The Start of America's National Cohesion Global Balance of Power: What Was the Most Powerful Country at this Time? The British Empire's Loss of Power The Formation of Distinct Regional Cultures in America The Birth of American Democracy Understanding America as a People -- This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett talk about Southeast Asia: where ancient slave empires meet modern tech hubs. From Angkor's temples to Singapore's skylines, discover how this crossroads between India and China shaped global trade while maintaining its uniquely fluid cultural identity. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia HIGHLIGHTS: Geographic & Demographic Context Southeast Asia historically had low population density compared to India and China The region is vast: Indonesia alone stretches the distance from London to Kyrgyzstan Much of current Southeast Asia is essentially the mountaintops of a previously larger landmass before sea levels rose Cultural Development & Trade Developed between two major civilizations: India and China Served as crucial link in global trade, especially luxury goods for Chinese market Experienced four major civilizational waves: Indian, Chinese, Islamic, and Western Key Historical States Khmer Empire (Cambodia) built Angkor Wat, operated as slave state Vietnam repeatedly resisted Chinese domination (27 invasions over 1000 years) Thailand (Siam) strategically adopted Western technology Burma formed through conquest and integration of multiple ethnic groups Modern Development Post-WWII Japanese occupation ended European colonial control Rapid industrialization in recent decades Different development paths (Thailand's steady growth vs Philippines' struggles) Cultural Insights Mountain vs valley people dynamics shaped society Strong influence of Buddhist monasteries on economic development Religious conversion (especially Christianity and Islam) played role in resistance movements Emphasis on collective rather than individual identity Contemporary Relevance Region experiencing some of world's fastest economic growth Dealing with rapid societal changes and modernization Tension between traditional values and Western influences Growing strategic importance in international relations Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, hosts Erik Torenberg and Rudyard Lynch delve into the American Civil War, providing a comprehensive overview encompassing its causes, key battles, and the aftermath. --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – RECOMMENDED BOOKS: Roll, Jordan, Roll by Eugene D. Genovese The Guns of the South by Harry Turtledove – HIGHLIGHTS: Exploring the Roots of the American Civil War Complex Causes Behind the Civil War Slavery in Sparking the Civil War The Industrial Revolution's Impact on the Civil War Reflections and the Debate on Civil War Causes Beliefs of the North and South The South's Strategy and the Role of International Powers The Turning Points of the Civil War The War Itself The Aftermath and Reconstruction Era Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett dive deep into the American frontier era (1790-1890) and examine how diverse cultural groups shaped westward expansion. Through personal anecdotes and historical analysis, they explore how regional identities and ecological changes forged the American character and transformed a continental power into a global empire. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE | BREX More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive Ready to take your startup to the next level? Visit https://www.brex.com/grow to join the 30,000+ companies already streamlining their finances with Brex. Get high-yield banking, smart expense management, and scalable financial tools designed specifically for founders who want to focus on building, not bookkeeping. -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DISCUSSION Timeframe and Geographic Scope: The American frontier era spans 1790-1890, during which America expanded from the Appalachian Mountains to the West Coast. Cultural Migrations: The hosts discuss how distinct regional cultures (New England Yankees, Quakers/Mid-Atlantic, Scots-Irish, and Southern Cavaliers) migrated westward, creating cultural corridors across the continent. Ecological Changes: Exploration of how Americans transformed the landscape, from mass buffalo hunting to forest clearing, and how wilderness is actually expanding in modern America. Cowboy Culture: The brief 20-year window of cowboy culture, its similarities to Central Asian herding peoples, and its place within the larger industrialized system. Mormon Settlement: The unique case of Mormon migration and settlement as a centrally-managed theocracy, driven westward by persecution. Technology and Agricultural Development: How technological innovations like barbed wire and specialized plows enabled settlement of the Great Plains, previously considered unfarmable. Andrew Jackson: His role as an emblematic frontier figure who transformed American politics and defeated the old East Coast aristocracy. Territorial Acquisition: The process of acquiring western territories through the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War. Transition to Empire: How the closing of the frontier coincided with America's transition to becoming a global empire, with overseas expansion beginning shortly after. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of History 102 delves deeply into the ancient history of China, from its foundation around 2000 BC to the fall of the Han Dynasty around 200 AD. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg also explore the rise and fall of the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties, uncovering the political and social forces that shaped ancient Chinese history. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj Discover how ancient China evolved in isolation, developing its own unique civilization, institutions, and beliefs, with surprising parallels to other world powers. -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: Casual Catch-Up and Initial Thoughts Discussing Viewer Reactions Introduction to Ancient China China's Unique Historical Evolution Geography and Early Civilizations The Shang Dynasty and Early Theocracies The Zhou Dynasty and the Mandate of Heaven The Warring States Period and Philosophical Developments The Rise of the Qin Dynasty The Han Dynasty: China's Golden Age The Fall of the Han Dynasty and Its Aftermath Recommended Books: The Grace of Kings by Ken Liu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg explore the rise of Rome, from its origins as a small settlement in Central Italy to becoming a dominant force in the known world, drawing parallels between historical events and modern-day societal patterns. They discuss themes of decadence, social cohesion, and the cyclical nature of civilizations. - SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: Rise of Rome The Influence of Greek Civilization on the Latins The Romans: From City-State to Empire The Punic Wars: Rome's Defining Battles Rome's Expansion East and the Fall of Carthage Reflections and Recommendations on Roman History – Recommended Books: Will Durant's Caesar and Christ: A History of Roman Civilization and of Christianity from Their Beginnings to A.D. 325 (Story of Civilization) Greg Woolf's Rome: An Empire's Story Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges'  The Ancient City: A Study of the Religion, Laws, and Institutions of Greece and Rome Tom Holland's Rubicon Recommended Podcast: Dan Carlin's Hardcore History 21-23 – Punic Nightmares Series Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett examine the medieval decline of Asia, analyzing how regions that were once the world's centers of culture, economics, and technology—particularly China, India, and the Islamic world—gradually lost their dominance between 1000-1500 AD.  -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: GIVEWELL | SELECTQUOTE GiveWell spends 50,000 hours every year doing deep-dives into different charitable programs to try to find the ways to do the most good for your dollar. GiveWell has now spent over 17 years researching charitable organizations and only directs funding to a few of the HIGHEST-IMPACT opportunities they’ve found. Visit https://www.givewell.org to find out more or make a donation. Select PODCAST and enter Econ 102 at checkout to make sure they know you heard about them from us. Finding the right life insurance shouldn't be another task you put off. SelectQuote compares top-rated policies to get you the best coverage at the right price. Even in our AI-driven world, protecting your family's future remains essential. Get your personalized quote at https://selectquote.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia HIGHLIGHTS: Asia as the world's center of power (1000 AD): Asia was the world's center of power: culturally, economically, and technologically Four major civilizations discussed: Europe, Middle East, India, and China European cities couldn't compare to Asian capitals like Cordoba, Baghdad, or Hangzhou China's Transformation: Song Dynasty was world's wealthiest but lost military advantage An Lushan Rebellion (8th century) marked crucial turning point Bureaucratic control increased under Confucian influence Missed industrial revolution opportunity despite having necessary preconditions Declined due to bureaucratic stultification and resistance to change Islamic World's Evolution: Golden age around 1000 AD with advanced science and learning Decline began after Abbasid Caliphate's fall Loss of Mediterranean control (especially Sicily) to Europeans Population decrease in key regions Mameluke rule in Egypt led to significant urban decline Transformation from secular, capitalist society to more conservative one Indian Developments: Early cultural "fossilization" compared to other regions Caste system became more rigid Religious focus intensified over military/practical concerns Muslim conquests significantly impacted the region Limited historical records make precise study difficult Impact of Mongol Invasions: Devastated multiple regions, especially Central Asia Killed approximately 30 million in northern China Destroyed major urban centers that never recovered Changed social structures in conquered territories Led to increased social conservatism across Asia Decline of Innovation and Creativity (By 1600): Asia consolidated into "Gunpowder Empires" Ming Dynasty in China Mughals in India Ottomans in Middle East Despite apparent strength, innovation and creativity had declined European powers gained technological and military advantages Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today WhatifAltHist's Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive into the Vikings, the topic that got Rudyard into history in the first place. This discussion covers the misconceptions about the dark ages, the Vikings' significant reach, and their role in shaping history. They also highlight the Vikings’ legacy of establishing trade links and what how the society of the Vikings closely mirrors our own. Watch this Vikings episode accompanied by maps and illustrations on Rudyard's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CommonGround-qg5oj History 102 is part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: turpentine.co --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive --- RELATED PODCAST: If you dig History 102, we think you'll love Live Players with Samo Burja from Turpentine. Every week Samo and Erik dive into a key power player, institution, or company changing the course of history. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5fbMTkHBnom1JIBWYNVBK1 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1718925188 --- RECOMMENDED BOOKS & Links: A History of the Vikings 2nd Edition by Gwyn Jones The Vikings by Neil Oliver The Vikings: A History by Robert Ferguson Mouse Utopia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTDTVbourzU --- FOLLOW US ON X: @eriktorenberg (Erik) @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @turpentinemedia (Turpentine) FOLLOW US ON YOUTUBE: Common Ground/ History 102 https://www.youtube.com/@CommonGround-qg5oj WhatifAltHist [Main] https://www.youtube.com/@WhatifAltHist Upstream with Erik Torenberg https://www.youtube.com/@UpstreamwithErikTorenberg -- HIGHLIGHTS: The Vikings and why they're the apex for YOLOs The Dark Ages and the Vikings - the seeds of our current society Could We Be in a Dark Age Now? Mouse Utopia is Akin to the Fall of Civilizations Interconnected and Self-Contained Civilizations During the Dark Ages The End of the Dark Ages and the Rise of Feudalism The Vikings Emerge (and how their social structure is similar to tech startups and venture capital) Civil Wars and the Formation of European monarchies Misconceptions and Underappreciated Aspects of Viking Culture The Fall of the Vikings and the Transition to the Middle Ages Two Reasons for the Conversion to Christianity What if the Vikings Ruled a Bit Longer? The YOLO nature of the Vikings The Vikings' Legacy and Their Impact on World History Upcoming topics of History 102 and book recommendations -- This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

"Imagine this giant gradually getting attacked by mosquitos..." In today's episode, Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg delve into the critical moments and competing narratives of the fall of the Roman Empire. They compare the classical Greeks and Romans, identify key Roman figures and outsiders who impacted the course of history, and identify the major influences that shaped their era - and our current one. Watch this episode accompanied by maps and illustrations on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@history102-qg5oj History 102 is part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: turpentine.co --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive --- RELATED PODCAST: If you dig History 102, we think you'll love Live Players with Samo Burja from Turpentine. Every week Samo and Erik dive into a key power player, institution, or company changing the course of history. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5fbMTkHBnom1JIBWYNVBK1 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1718925188 --- RECOMMENDED BOOKS: The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon The World of Late Antiquity: AD 150-750 (Library of World Civilization) by Peter Brown Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe by Peter Heather --- FOLLOW US ON X: @eriktorenberg (Erik) @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @turpentinemedia (Turpentine) FOLLOW US ON YOUTUBE: History 102 https://www.youtube.com/@history102-qg5oj WhatifAltHist [Main] https://www.youtube.com/@WhatifAltHist Upstream with Erik Torenberg https://www.youtube.com/@UpstreamwithErikTorenberg --- HIGHLIGHTS: Diving into the Fall of Rome The Rise of Rome: A Historical Context You Can't Beat The Romans In A Battle Of Willpower Classic Rome and Ancient Greece The Fall of Rome: Theories and Perspectives The Impact of the Huns on the Roman Empire Multiple Ways of Looking at the Fall of Rome The Aftermath of the Fall of Rome Two Historical Schools on the Fall of Rome Legacy and Significance of the Roman Empire Recommendations for Further Reading Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, join WhatIfAltHists creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg as they explore the intricate history of Mesopotamia. This episode dives into the origins, advancements, and eventual decline of one of the world's earliest civilizations, covering everything from early agriculture to the prominent empires and their societal structures. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: BEEHIIV | BABBEL Head to Beehiiv, the newsletter platform built for growth, to power your own. Connect with premium brands, scale your audience, and deliver a beautiful UX that stands out in an inbox. 🐝 to https://Beehiiv.com and use code “MOZ” for 20% off your first three months 🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenberg This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia TIMESTAMPS: The Fertile Crescent and Three Cultural Designations The Formation of City-States in Mesopotamia The Impact of Climate Change on Mesopotamia The Role of Warfare in Mesopotamian Society The Rise of the Priest Class and Theocracy City-States and Government in Mesopotamia The Development of Writing and Law Codes Religion and Idol Worship in Mesopotamia The Influence of Mesopotamian Civilization on the Bible The Decline of Mesopotamian Civilization Sumeria: The First Civilization The Rise of Akkad and the First Empire The Legacy of Mesopotamian Civilization The Rise and Fall of Mesopotamian Empires The Transition to Imperial Rule The Evolution of Babylon The Brutal Conquests of the Assyrians The Impact of the Bronze Age Collapse The Conquest of Mesopotamia by the Persians BOOKS MENTIONED: Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States by James C. Scott The Story of Civilization by Will Durant Assyria: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Superpower by Eckhart Frahm Scribes and Kings: The Lost History of the Ancient Near East by Marc Van De Mieroop The Guide to the Bible by Isaac Asimov Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg talk about the story of the Byzantine Empire, Rome's eastern successor, and how it thrived while the West crumbled. They also discuss on the Byzantine Empire's constant battles against invaders and how it defied expectations to survive for a millennium. Why is the Byzantine Empire largely ignored? Explore its rich history, intriguing culture, and its impact on Eastern Europe and Russia. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RELATED EPISODE: Fall of Rome Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fall-of-rome/id1730633913?i=1000647197583 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/57r8lT5fiO8W9igWZRwm59?si=rODTidJ3RnmYXW0TsgymMw -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Second Opinion - A new podcast for health-tech insiders from Christina Farr of the Second Opinion newsletter. Join Christina Farr, Luba Greenwood, and Ash Zenooz every week as they challenge industry experts with tough questions about the best bets in health-tech. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1759267211 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0A8NwQE976s32zdBbZw6bv - – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – TIMESTAMPS: The Byzantine Empire: An Overview The Fall of Rome and the Rise of Byzantium Constantinople: The Heart of Byzantium Byzantine Military and Cultural Identity Justinian's Ambitious Reign The Impact of the Muslim Conquests Byzantine Decline and the Rise of the Turks The Final Days of Byzantium -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome by Cyril Mango The World of Late Antiquity: AD 150-750 (Library of World Civilization) by Peter Brown The Age of Faith by Will Durant Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of History 102 features a comprehensive analysis of World War II. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discuss the build-up to the war, including the aftermath of World War I and the conditions in Europe that led to the rise of Hitler. Recommendations for further reading on the subject are provided, enhancing understanding of the war's complex aspects and its lasting impact on global history. - SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: Hitler's Goal: Conquering Eastern Europe Blitzkrieg: Rapid Conquest Hitler's Strategic Miscalculations Exploring the Eastern Front: The Turning Point of WWII The Holocaust: A Horrific Atrocity Recommended Books: The Second World War by John Keegan The Second World War: A Complete History by Martin Gilbert The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany by William Shirer Bloodlands by Timothy Snyder The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia by Richard Overy, Ph.D. Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time by Caroll Quigley Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch is joined by business development executive and agriculture technology industry entrepreneur Austin Padgett and explore 17th century Western Europe's pivotal transformation. They examine how the Protestant-Catholic divide, parallel to modern political polarization, shaped warfare, science, and economics. The conversation reveals how the Dutch and English success in breaking monopolies and embracing agricultural innovation set the stage for the Industrial Revolution and modern capitalism. , RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: The 17th Century: On the Edge of Modernity The Pike and Shot Era & Military Transitions Mercenaries and Defensive Warfare The French Revolution and Mass Conscription Libertarian Perspective & The Shifting Political Compass North Europe's Victory Over South Europe Economic Factors and the Weakening of Monarchies The Elizabethan Golden Age and the Secular Cycle The Protestant Reformation and its Impact Lessons from the 17th Century The Thirty Years War and its Impact on Europe Spain's Economic Failures as a Lesson England and the Netherlands' Breakthroughs The Scientific, Agricultural, and Social Revolutions The Political Context of the 17th Century The Enlightenment and the Thirty Years War's Legacy Louis XIV's Reign and the Cultural High Point of France Conclusion and U.S. Political Implications The Importance of Agriculture -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "The Global Crisis" by Geoffrey Parker "The Military Revolution" by Geoffrey Parker "The Age of Reason Begins" by Will Durant "The Age of Louis XIV"by Will Durant Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett examine Native American genetic origins and cultural complexity, challenging popular narratives of "noble savages." They discuss surprising genetic links to Pacific Islanders and ancient Europeans, the sophisticated warfare and political structures of tribes like the Iroquois and Cherokee, and how European contact transformed indigenous societies through disease, technology, and shifting power dynamics. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DISCUSSION Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In today's episode, hosts Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg delve into the rich and complex history of China in the last several hundred years -- a critical period if we consider China the greatest rival of the US. The discussion explores China's once stagnant technological and social progress, periods of humiliation by Western powers, China under Mao, and the subsequent rise to become a global superpower. Rudyard's comprehensive narrative also highlights the dramatic shifts in China's demographic, political, and economic landscapes, illuminating the factors that have shaped its current politics and societal challenges. Watch this episode accompanied by maps and illustrations on History 102's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@history102-qg5oj History 102 is part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: turpentine.co --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive --- This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. --- RELATED PODCAST: If you dig History 102, we think you'll love Live Players with Samo Burja from Turpentine. Every week Samo and Erik dive into a key power player, institution, or company changing the course of history. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5fbMTkHBnom1JIBWYNVBK1 Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1718925188 --- RECOMMENDED BOOKS: China: A History by John Keay The Soul of China by Amaury de Riencourt. Mao: The Unknown Story by Jung Chang Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War by Stephen R. Platt LINKS: WhatifAltHist on What if China Wasn't Communist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kt5RY_DRbDU --- HIGHLIGHTS; Understanding China's Historical Context China's Isolation and Technological Stagnation China's Geopolitical Position During the Manchu Dynasty 300-year Period of Peace in China The Opium Wars: A Turning Point in Chinese History The Opium Wars - continued The Taiping Rebellion: A Forgotten War The Boxer Rebellion and the Fall of the Chinese Monarchy Communism and Mao's China Deng Xiaoping's Reforms and China's Economic Boom Predicting China's Future: Growth and Potential Challenges Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg provides a detailed overview of the American Revolution, covering its causes, key events, major figures, and outcomes, while exploring the political, social, and strategic factors that shaped the conflict and led to the birth of the United States. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: British American colonization and expansion Comparison of French and American Revolutions British colonies and tensions with Britain Political aspects of the American Revolution Start of the Revolutionary War Battle of Saratoga and French involvement British southern campaign Siege of Yorktown and end of the war Post-war America and the Constitution BOOKS MENTIONED: American Revolutions by Alan Taylor The Cousins' Wars by Kevin Phillips Atlantic America by D.W. Meinig The Oxford History of the American People by Samuel Eliot Morison Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg delve into critical historical moments and patterns, focusing on the Spanish Empire's unique and often overlooked role in shaping the modern world. This episode challenges common historical narratives by examining Spain's extractive policies, and the consequences of its colonization efforts, including the impact on indigenous populations and the development of an extractive culture that contrasts with other Western societies' developmental paths. SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: Exploring the Roots of Global Inequality The Formation of the Spanish Empire: From Medieval Europe to Columbus Columbus' Dark Legacy and the Consequences of Conquest The Spanish Inquisition: Reality vs. Myth Extractive Systems and Their Impact The Conquest of the Aztecs The Aztec Empire: Conquest and Sacrifice Cortes and the Fall of the Aztecs Population Collapse and Cultural Impact The Inca Empire: Swift Expansion and Spanish Conquest Exploring the Spanish Empire: Governance and Social Structure The Decline of the Spanish Empire: Economic Mismanagement and Independence Movements Recommended Books: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 by John H. Elliott The Story of the Americas by Leland DeWitt Baldwin A History of Latin America by Hurbert Herring Forgotten Continent: A History of the New Latin America by Michael Reid Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg talk about the brutal cost of communist ideology, from mass killings to cultural destruction, and the psychological motivations driving its appeal. From Marx to Mao, explore the rise, fall, and enduring legacy of communism, its impact on history, and its surprising influence today. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Mos4VE3figVXleHDqfXOH Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/complex-systems-with-patrick-mckenzie-patio11/id1753399812 – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – Recommended Podcast: The Riff with Byrne Hobart Byrne Hobart, the writer of The Diff, is revered in Silicon Valley. You can get an hour with him each week. See for yourself how his thinking can upgrade yours. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6rANlV54GCARLgMOtpkzKt Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-riff-with-byrne-hobart-and-erik-torenberg/id1716646486 – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: Communism as a Moral Lesson Marxism's Influence Origins of the Modern Left Saint Simon and the Roots of Leftism Pre-Marxist Socialist Thinkers Karl Marx and the 1848 Revolutions Marx's Intellectual Ability and Hegelianism The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Communism The Psychology of Leftism and Power The Russian Revolution and Lenin The Nature of Communist Revolutions Stalin and the Purges The Soviet Union and the Iron Curtain The Decline of Communism Communism's Death Toll and the Need for Reassessment Communism and Social Justice Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party Cambodian Communism and the Khmer Rouge The Geographic Apex and Decline of Communism Post-Communist Transition The Need for a Psychological Revolution Books Mentioned: The Decline and Fall of Socialism Fire in the Minds of Men by James Billington Les Miserables The 100 Greatest Atrocities of the Twentieth Century by Matthew White Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode which was first aired on Whatifalthist’s podcast, Rudyard Lynch explores the hypothetical scenario of World War III, analyzing potential winners, front lines, and geopolitical alliances. --- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive –-- Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – TIMESTAMPS: Exploring the What Ifs and Changing Perspectives of World War III Theoretical Alliances and Their Strengths Potential Flashpoints and Concerns The Unpredictability of Predicting the Future Imagining a Scenario: China's Invasion of Taiwan The Realities of Modern Warfare and Technology Reevaluating China's Military and Social Stability The Complex Terrain of Potential Conflicts A New Type of War: Demographic and Economic Battles Concluding Thoughts and the Future of Warfare Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett talk about the Protestant Reformation, masterfully drawing parallels between historical information technology revolutions (like the printing press) and our current internet age, exploring how such advances fundamentally alter how societies process information and relate to authority. They offer fresh perspectives on well-worn historical territory, suggesting for instance that the Reformation wasn't just about religious doctrine, but represented a quantum leap in human agency and individualism that helped birth the modern world. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: History as psychological/biological process Importance of psychological shifts in Reformation Two modern parallels to Reformation Warhammer Fantasy analogy Catholic Church's medieval dominance Carl Jung's analysis of Catholicism Information technology breakthrough comparison Gutenberg's printing press invention Media control in 20th century Catholic Church's role in literacy Catholic Church as science investor Discussion of Cathars and early heresies Impact of Black Death Italian Renaissance discussion Martin Luther's background Luther's 95 Theses Introduction of Calvinism Calvinism and totalitarianism Spanish attempts to destroy Protestantism Germanic and English Protestant adoption Modern elite's Protestant/French Revolution roots Harvard's Calvinist origins Left's appropriation of Protestant ideas Modern rejection of rational inquiry Elite perspectives on population control -- BOOKS RECOMMENDED: "The Reformation" by Will Durant" "Protestants: The Faith That Made the Modern World" by Alec Ryrie "Doubt" by Alec Ryrie "A Secular Age" by Charles Taylor "Rise of the West" by William H. McNeill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett present a conservative critique of the lasting social, cultural, and economic changes that emerged from the 1960s, with particular focus on how these changes continue to shape modern American society. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: Historical Significance of the 1960s The hosts position the 1960s as the most culturally important decade in Western history, comparable to how the 1910s (with World War I) defined 20th century politics They describe the cultural shift as being "on the scale of the foundation of a new religion" that has never been honestly examined The Managerial Class and Bureaucratization Discussion of how bureaucracy gained sociological dominance during this period Analysis of how bureaucracy standardizes people, crushes ethnic differences, and stands against organic traditions and religion Economic and Social Changes The prosperity of post-WWII America creating conditions for social experimentation The turning point of 1971 (leaving the gold standard) and subsequent economic stagnation How regulations led to corporate consolidation (from top companies controlling 20% of markets in the 1960s to 80% today) Cultural Revolution and Its Consequences The birth control pill as a transformative technology comparable to the atom bomb How the 1960s counterculture became the establishment, with those who were once rebels now enforcing conformity The Black Community and Civil Rights Complex analysis of how the black community changed after the 1960s Discussion of pre-1960s black economic advancement and family structure The Civil Rights Movement's success in ending Jim Crow but discussion of unintended consequences Spirituality and Consciousness How psychedelics influenced modern culture and art Discussion of Eastern religions' influence and how they were often misinterpreted Generational Analysis Critical examination of "boomerism" as a comprehensive worldview How the social shifts of the 1960s were primarily driven by elite university students but eventually spread throughout society The hypocrisy of generational values shifting based on self-interest Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explore how ancient Israel, despite its small size, revolutionized human thought through monotheism. They discuss how Jewish identity emerged from the intersection of various civilizations, developed through cycles of conquest and resistance, and ultimately shaped major world religions - all while drawing thought-provoking parallels to other historical patterns and modern phenomena. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia HIGHLIGHTS: Small Groups, Big Impact Ancient Israel, though only the size of New Jersey, made one of history's most significant breakthroughs with monotheism Their influence persists despite their relatively small population (around 15 million people today) Geographic and Cultural Position Israel was situated at a crucial crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa This position exposed them to multiple civilizations' influences (Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, Greek) Their frontier position allowed them to synthesize different religious and philosophical ideas Historical Development Emerged during/after the Bronze Age collapse Experienced cycles of independence and conquest under various empires The Babylonian exile was particularly formative for Jewish identity and religious practice Religious Innovation Breakthrough to monotheism was a major departure from surrounding polytheistic cultures Developed strong moral codes and social structures through the Torah Prophet tradition developed as a way to maintain social cohesion and moral standards Cultural Resilience Developed strategies for maintaining identity under foreign rule Used suffering and setbacks as opportunities for introspection and adaptation Created lasting institutional and cultural practices that enabled survival in diaspora Social Evolution Shifted from tribal society to kingdom to dispersed cultural group Developed sophisticated legal and ethical systems Created mechanisms for preserving identity without territorial control Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explores how the Silk Road shaped global civilization through expansive trade networks, cultural exchange, and power dynamics between Europe, the Middle East, India, and China. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia HIGHLIGHTS: From Authoritarianism to Trade Routes: Setting the Stage Fascinating discussion of different types of authoritarian states Historical shifts in gender and violence Sets up context for Silk Road discussion China's First Contact: The Quest for Blood-Sweating Horses Dramatic story of first Chinese explorer to discover other civilizations Tale of escape from Hunnish bride Discovery of "white ghosts" in Western China Disease, Death, and Trade: The Dark Side of Connection How plagues reshaped civilizations American near-miss with Bubonic Plague in 1898 How trade routes spread devastating diseases The Maritime Silk Road: An Ocean of Wealth Sri Lanka's role as forced stopover for traders Persian merchants dominating Indian Ocean trade Southeast Asian kingdoms built on luxury goods Rise and Fall of Trade Empires Portuguese conquest of Indian Ocean trade How 400-man crews took over the world's richest trade system Decline of Russia from wealth to backwater The Mongol Factor: Building an Empire on Skulls How Mongols killed 100 million in pre-industrial world Creation of Pax Mongolica Legacy of destruction in Central Asia Final decline of the Silk Road system BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "The Sea and Civilization" by Lincoln Paine "Strange Parallels" by Victor Lieberman "Rome and Persia: The Seven Hundred Year Rivalry" by Adrian Goldsworthy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg are joined by Bismarck Analysis's Samo Burja (podcast host: Live Players) to uncover the hidden threads connecting ancient Babylon to Silicon Valley. Did you know that 2,500 years ago, people complained about information overload just like we do today? Or that some civilizations saw 70% of their population enslaved? Rudyard and Samo peel back the layers of history, revealing: The shocking similarities between ancient Athens and the Taliban Why California might be birthing new religions as we speak How deforestation toppled empires (and why it matters now) From psychedelic Greek philosophers to the eerie parallels between Polish-Lithuanian and Cambodian history, this episode is a mind-bending tour of humanity's greatest triumphs and strangest quirks. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia - TIMESTAMPS: Differences Between Civilizations Non-Abrahamic Societies and Linear Time Egalitarian Impulses Across Civilizations Classical Civilization vs Modern West Literacy in Ancient Rome Greek Philosophy and Religion Political Cycles in Ancient Greece The American Founding Fathers and Political Theory Pre-modern Feminism in Ancient Civilizations Cyclical Progression of Political Forms Immigration and Cultural Clashes in Ancient Civilizations Environmental Degradation in Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology in Ancient Babylon Social Breakdown in Ancient Civilizations Modern China as a Hybrid Civilization California's Unique Cultural Landscape Emerging Religions in Modern America Religion's Impact on Society and Nature Obscure Civilizations: The Nuragic Civilization The Khmer Civilization and Southeast Asian History Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of History 102 explores the European Middle Ages, its misunderstood aspects, technological and social advancements, and critical events. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discover how the seemingly "dark" medieval era set the stage for the scientific revolution, the age of exploration, and the rise of modern Europe. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more. Spotify Apple – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: Setting the Stage: The European Middle Ages Misconceptions About the Middle Ages The High Middle Ages: Society and Innovations Feudalism and Social Structures Political Dynamics in Medieval Europe The Decline of the Middle Ages The Black Death and Its Aftermath Legacy of the Middle Ages -- Recommended Books: The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community by William H. McNeill A Short History of the Middle Ages by Barbara Rosenwein  The Time Traveler's Guide to Medieval England: A Handbook for Visitors to the Fourteenth Century by Ian Mortimer A Secular Age by Charles Taylor Europe Emerges: Transition Toward an Industrial World-Wide Society, 600-1750 by Robert L. Reynolds Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett examine science's historical development, challenging conventional narratives by tracing its roots in Christian philosophy and ancient traditions. The hosts analyze how empirical methodology transformed into modern "scientism," arguing that contemporary society has abandoned true scientific inquiry for ideology-driven selectivity, placing these intellectual shifts within broader historical patterns of knowledge systems. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: Science developed from Christian philosophy and ancient traditions rather than in opposition to them The Catholic Church historically funded and supported scientific development before later tensions arose Different civilizations throughout history had fundamentally different worldviews than modern Western perspectives Modern society practices "scientism" (using scientific language selectively to justify predetermined beliefs) rather than actual science Science works best as an arbitration method but struggles with contextual understanding and moral questions Hermeticism and mystical traditions played a significant role in early scientific thought that's often overlooked The separation of religion from science was a historical development rather than an inherent opposition Modern institutions frequently claim scientific authority while actually operating on ideological premises Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of History 102 features a follow up analysis of World War II focused on Japan, China, and the events located in the Pacific. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discuss the build-up to the Pacific War, the geopolitical backdrop of Japan's militaristic expansion, and the cultural psyche that fueled its aggressive actions. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj Key points include Japan's transition to authoritarianism in the 1920s, its strategic ambitions in China leading to the Sino-Japanese War, and the critical battles and dynamics with other global powers including the USSR and the USA. The episode also explores the nuanced causes and justifications behind the Pacific War, Japan's wartime atrocities, and the decisive moments that led to Japan's surrender, including discussions around the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Tourism content in the episode includes the broader implications of WWII, the downfall of colonial empires, and the socio-political changes in post-war Japan.  – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – Recommended Books: Tragedy and Hope by Carroll Quigley Inside Asia by John Gunther Eagle Against the Sun by Ronald H. Spector Japan and the Shackles of the Past by R. Taggart Murphy Author Ian Cross Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg discuss the history of the Muslim slave trade, a forgotten tragedy that predates and rivals the Atlantic slave trade in both scale and brutality. Dive into the complex dynamics and enduring impact of this dark chapter in African history, and explore the Muslim and internal slave trades while also challenging the 1619 Project's narrative. Learn about the broader context of global slavery, the complex origins of racial inequality, and the global network that fueled the transatlantic slave trade. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Second Opinion - A new podcast for health-tech insiders from Christina Farr of the Second Opinion newsletter. Join Christina Farr, Luba Greenwood, and Ash Zenooz every week as they challenge industry experts with tough questions about the best bets in health-tech. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1759267211 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0A8NwQE976s32zdBbZw6bv - Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Mos4VE3figVXleHDqfXOH Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/complex-systems-with-patrick-mckenzie-patio11/id1753399812 – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – RELATED EPISODE/S: Rise of Islam: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rise-of-islam/id1730633913?i=1000659000133 – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: African Slave Trade Basics Misconceptions and Context Different African Slave Trades Muslim Slave Trade Comparisons with the Atlantic Slave Trade Impact of Slavery on America Slavery in Brazil and the Caribbean -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: African Founders by David Hackett Fisher Conquests and Cultures by Thomas Sowell Africa by John Reeder Africa and the Africans by John Thornton Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett discuss how the adoption of iron weapons and tools democratized warfare, disrupted Bronze Age aristocracies, and facilitated new social structures and philosophical movements. They analyze parallel developments in Greece, Persia, India, and China, examining how iron technology catalyzed cultural changes, religious innovations, and new forms of governance between roughly 1200-200 BCE. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Check out Modern Relationships, where Erik Torenberg interviews tech power couples and leading thinkers to explore how ambitious people actually make partnerships work. Founders Fund's Delian Asparouhov and researcher Nadia Asparouhova kick off the series with an unfiltered conversation about their relationship evolution. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1786227593 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5hJzs0gDg6lRT6r10mdpVg YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ModernRelationshipsPod -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia HIGHLIGHTS: Iron Age Context Followed Bronze Age collapse (~1000 BCE) Iron was more abundant and accessible than bronze Democratized warfare and society Military Impact Enabled cheaper armor and better infantry weapons Undermined aristocratic chariot warfare Empowered frontier societies Cultural Changes Sparked major philosophical/religious movements Rise of Greek philosophy, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism Led to "Axial Age" innovations Geographic Spread Similar developments across Eurasia Parallel changes in Greece, Persia, India, China New empires rose as old ones fell Social Evolution Development of monetary systems Rise of merchant classes Created tension between traditional and commercial values Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive deep into the fascinating yet often overlooked realm of 17th century Eastern Europe. Join Rudyard and Erik as they bring this pivotal era to life: unravel the rise and fall of Poland-Lithuania, Russia's emergence as a great power, and Sweden's surprising dominance, and discover how Cossacks, Ottoman Turks, and visionary leaders shaped the region's destiny. With a blend of scholarly insight and engaging storytelling, Rudyard uncovers the absurdities, triumphs, and tragedies that defined this transformative century 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive - RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia - HIGHLIGHTS: Rudyard's Personal Connection to 17th Century Eastern Europe The Three Great Frontiers of Western Civilization Eastern Europe as a Frontier Serfdom and the Role of the Church in Eastern Europe The Time of Troubles in Russia The Rise and Fall of Poland-Lithuania The Cossacks and the Deluge The Rise of the Romanovs and the Conquest of Siberia Sweden and the Rise of Gustavus Adolphus The Turkish Empire and the Siege of Vienna The Khanate of Crimea and the Saratov Line Peter the Great, Charles XII, and the Great Northern War - BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "Europe's Steppe Frontier: 1500-1800" by William H. McNeill "The Rise of the West" by William H. McNeill "Poland: A History" by Adam Zamoyski "Russia: A History" by Olli Vares "The Age of Reason Begins" by Will Durant "The Age of Louis XIV" by Will Durant Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explore the fascinating world of Ancient Europe, from the mysterious megalith builders to the warring Celtic tribes. Listen as they uncover how waves of migration, technological advances, and cultural shifts shaped the continent. Learn how archaeology, genetics, and mythology reveal stories of ancient battles, complex trade networks, and forgotten civilizations that laid the foundation for modern European society. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS Mesopotamians and indigenous Europeans Negative psychological pins from the 20th century Hunter gatherer confederacy and the spread of agriculture Hunter gatherers vs farmers lifestyle Threats to modern populations: Supply chain issues, disease, war Population fluctuations in ancient Europe Social contracts vs theocracies Ancient Europe during the last ice age Genetic differences across Europe The transition from bronze age to iron age culture Europe in 500 BC and the dominance of the Celts The Celtic military strategy and its limitations The Roman conquest of Gaul and the German migrations The Baltic Origins of Homer's Tales The Roman Empire and the Germanic peoples The Slavic expansion into Eastern Europe The importance of paternity protection in societal cohesion BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "Ancestral Journeys" by Jean Monko "Who We Are and How We Got Here" by David Reich Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett present a critique of the lasting social, cultural, and economic changes that emerged from the 1960s, with particular focus on how these changes continue to shape modern African society. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DISCUSSION: Africa's Geography and Disease Environment: Africa's massive size is emphasized (larger than China, America, India, and Western Europe combined) The equatorial regions had devastating diseases (malaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness) that limited population density European colonizers faced 80% mortality rates in regions like Nigeria due to these diseases Pre-Colonial African Context: Muslim kingdoms and trade networks existed across the Sahel region for centuries before European colonization Arab traders and Omani empire controlled the east coast of Africa Africa had significantly lower population density than Europe until modern medicine arrived Phases of European Colonization: Early phase (1500s-1850s): Primarily coastal forts for slave trading and resupplying Scramble for Africa (1880s-1910): Rapid carving up of the entire continent Most of Africa was colonized for a relatively short period (roughly 60 years) Economic Reality of Colonialism: European powers invested more in Africa than they extracted economically Only a few colonies (South Africa, Togo) were profitable Africa represented less than 1% of British foreign trade at colonialism's peak Different Colonial Approaches: British: Prioritized self-governance, local institutions, and law French: Focused on cultural assimilation and equality through French identity Belgians: Emphasized social development after the Leopold atrocities Portuguese: Maintained more exploitative practices South Africa as a Special Case: Developed as a settler colonial society similar to Australia/Canada Conflict between British and Boers (Dutch settlers) Discussion of apartheid and its legacy Post-Colonial Challenges: Artificial borders created by European powers causing ongoing conflicts Resource extraction infrastructure designed to take wealth out of Africa First generation of post-colonial leaders trained in Western universities with socialist ideologies Legacy and Future Prospects: Discussion of how British colonial institutions provided some advantages over other colonial systems Africa's potential to develop new forms of civilization due to not being constrained by historical patterns The role of Christianity in Africa's future development Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of History 102 explores the fascinating rise of Islam, its Golden Age, and its decline, unpacking the cultural, political, and economic factors that shaped this pivotal period in history. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg talk about the cultural and scientific achievements of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliph - a period of unprecedented growth and innovation in the Islamic world. Then, uncover the reasons behind the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, from internal conflicts and moral decay to the rise of the Turks and the shift from scientific progress to religious conservatism. Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – RECOMMENDED PODCAST: Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Mos4VE3figVXleHDqfXOH Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/id1753399812https://podcasts.apple.com/id1753399812 – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: The Enigma of Muhammad The World Before Islam Internal Conflicts The Umayyad Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate Misconceptions About Islam The Decline of the Abbasids Internal Conflicts and Barbarian Mercenaries The Rise of Al Ghazali and the End of Science The Decline of Capitalism The Loss of the Mediterranean The First Crusade and Societal Choices -- Books mentioned: In the Shadow of the Sword: The Rise and Fall of Islam by Tom Holland Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes by Tamim Ansary The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization by Marshall Hodgson (3-volume set) Islam and the Arab World The Myth of a Tolerant Muslim Spain Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch is joined again by Bismarck Analysis's Samo Burja (podcast host: Live Players) for a mind-bending discussion and deep dive into the concept of "long ripples" — how ideas and events from the distant past continue to shape our present and future in unexpected ways. From Plato's influence on modern political movements to the unforeseen consequences of the Industrial Revolution, this conversation challenges our understanding of historical cause and effect. Are we truly progressing, or are we caught in cycles we fail to recognize? Can we learn from the past, or are we doomed to repeat it in new, technologically-amplified ways? This episode is a rollercoaster ride through time, technology, and human nature, forcing us to reconsider our place in the grand sweep of history.  -- 🎙️ Dealcraft: Insights from Great Negotiators is the brand new weekly podcast that features interviews with world’s greatest dealmakers and diplomats, including Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Blackstone CEO Steve Schwarzman, and music industry super-lawyer John Branca, on their most challenging negotiations. Each episode, host Jim Sebenius (Harvard Business School professor and renowned negotiation expert) relates fascinating deal stories and distills useful insights for listeners to apply in their toughest deals and disputes. Apple: https://link.chtbl.com/3CG3TbHY?sid=Turpentine -- 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS: Exploring Plato's Influence Historical Ripples and Convergent Evolution The Fall of Civilizations Comparing Civilizational Cycles The Future of Human Civilization AI and Genetic Engineering: Potential and Pitfalls Pandemic Era Reflections Genetic Engineering and Society 19th Century Misconceptions Cycles of Societal Transformation Intellectual Decay and Historical Rewriting Anthropology and Cultural Studies Decline of Western Institutions Space Exploration and Technological Decline Hypernormalization and Social Reality BOOKS MENTIONED: What Is To Be Done? by Vladimir Lenin Homo Deus by Yuval Noah Harari's Fitzpatrick's War by Theodore Judson Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive into the West European Dark Ages, discussing the period from the fall of Rome until the rise of medieval Europe around 1000 AD. Were they really a decline or a period of critical transformation? Uncover the surprising truth behind this oft-misunderstood era. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia - RELATED EPISODES: Byzantine Empire Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6wzpVoPhWiAecAuImjCnxZ?si=sM8t0T97Qh-BjxsOXmHUNA Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/byzantine-empire/id1730633913?i=1000662716343 Rise of Islam Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/79fMsZSGfvSY2f9WENJvTq?si=09DZdn9PSX690vXcVUDuFg Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rise-of-islam/id1730633913?i=1000659000133 Vikings Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4QXRdG77RTnsaXtCvUmwng?si=ZgQd2kOcSMG9olIziKG2cw Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-vikings/id1730633913?i=1000645968027 -- HIGHLIGHTS: The Concept of the Dark Ages Historical Narratives Civilizational Decline Anti-Religious Bias Anthropological Bias Gradual Process Cultural and Technological Stagnation Roman Empire and Christianity Western Individualism The Carolingian Empire BOOKS MENTIONED: Coming to Our Senses by Morris Berman The Birth of the West by Peter Collins Inheritance of Rome by Chris Wickham World of Late Antiquity by Peter Brown The Forge of Christendom by Tom Holland Empires and Barbarians by Peter Heather The Bicameral Mind by Julian Jaynes Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of History 102 dives into ancient India, exploring its rich civilizations, philosophical divergences from the West, and the profound influence of the caste system on its society. WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg also debunk myths and explore the real impact of the caste system, Hindu nationalism, and the arrival of Islam on ancient Indian civilization. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive – Recommended Podcast: Company Breakdowns Each episode of Company Breakdowns dives into S-1s and series B-and-beyond companies, interviewing founders and investors to break down the companies. First episode is on Rubrik - which just IPO'd. Coming up this season: Databricks, Reddit + more, Spotify Apple – This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – HIGHLIGHTS: A Deep Dive into Ancient India: Uncovering Hidden Histories Exploring the Indus Valley Civilization: The Bronze Age's Forgotten Empire The Aryans and the Birth of the Caste System Buddhism vs. Hinduism: A Battle for India's Soul The Mauryan Empire: India's Golden Age India's Dark Age and the Rise of Hindu Conservatism Controversial Takes: The British Impact on India Recommended Books: The Soul of India by Amaury de Riencourt  The Rise of the West Our Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization, Volume I by Will Durant Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg Explore the tumultuous history of Imperial Russia, from its Viking origins to the rise of the Romanovs and the impact of the Mongols. When did Russia truly become a significant player on the global stage, and what were the key events that solidified its status? Listen and discover how Imperial Russia grappled with its identity, its relationship with the West, and its long journey toward modernization 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RELATED EPISODES: Vikings Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-vikings/id1730633913?i=1000645968027 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4QXRdG77RTnsaXtCvUmwng?si=nFl5Tr-HSGyiMuPBW8IwUQ Communism Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/communism/id1730633913?i=1000659725695 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1RAyzbTOEHlXlO2TK52FXf?si=2mqcB9xOT6qG_1VYqOxZmw Explaining Russian Civilization Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/explaining-russian-civilization/id1737510373?i=1000652947542 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4NGM1O9ZycFD1rfgHcMJfp?si=kuduN4c0TZKg2H5cpZUZ8g - RECOMMENDED PODCAST Complex Systems with Patrick McKenzie Patrick McKenzie (@patio11) talks to experts who understand the complicated but not unknowable systems we rely on. You might be surprised at how quickly Patrick and his guests can put you in the top 1% of understanding for stock trading, tech hiring, and more. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3Mos4VE3figVXleHDqfXOH Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/complex-systems-with-patrick-mckenzie-patio11/id1753399812 – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – TIMESTAMPS: The Mongols and the Viking Influence The Post-Viking Period and the Mongol Yoke Russia's Lost Potential Moscow's Rise and the Third Rome The Tatar Raids and the Great Wall of Russia Key Russian Leaders and Their Legacy Expansion Eastward and the Cossacks Siberia's Colonization and Russia's Global Reach The Time of Troubles and the Rise of the Romanovs Peter the Great's Modernization The Rise of Industrialization and the Seeds of Revolution -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: History of Russia by Orlando Figg A History of Russia, Central Asia, Mongolia by David Christian War, Peace, and War by Peter Turchin The Rise of the West by William H. McNeil Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett do a fascinating deep dive into Medieval Britain. They explore how a tiny population in northwest Europe shaped the modern world. From the fall of Roman Britain to the Norman Conquest, they unpack how the English created their cultural identity, legal code, and political system – innovations that still influence us today. Through Viking invasions, peasant revolts, and epic battles, they reveal how England emerged as one of history's most consequential nations despite its modest size. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Unpack Pricing - Dive into the dark arts of SaaS pricing with Metronome CEO Scott Woody and tech leaders. Learn how strategic pricing drives explosive revenue growth in today's biggest companies like Snowflake, Cockroach Labs, Dropbox and more. Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765716600 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/38DK3W1Fq1xxQalhDSueFg -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- HIGHLIGHTS Three Models of History & Medieval England's Significance Fall of Roman Britain & The Anglo-Saxon Invasions King Arthur and the Anglo-Saxon Myth Anglo-Saxon Conquest: Genetics & Language Christianity's Role in Medieval Britain Viking Invasions and the Unification of England The Norman Conquest & the Rise of Feudalism The Hundred Years War: England vs. France (The Wars of the Roses & the Tudor Monarchy Technological and Economic Advancements in Medieval Britain Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett examine the Age of Exploration, analyzing how European powers united previously isolated civilizations through maritime expansion. The hosts balance intellectual curiosity about explorers' remarkable achievements with critical reflections on conquest's darker aspects, revealing how this pivotal era fundamentally reshaped human history. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of History 102, WhatifAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg explore the surprising origins of Christianity. From a carpenter's son's teachings to its unexpected rise to global dominance, discover how this religion, appealing to the marginalized, provided a sense of community and purpose in a brutal world. Learn how this religion, once seen as a radical threat, became a defining force in Western history. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj -- RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ Second Opinion - A new podcast for health-tech insiders from Christina Farr of the Second Opinion newsletter. Join Christina Farr, Luba Greenwood, and Ash Zenooz every week as they challenge industry experts with tough questions about the best bets in health-tech. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1759267211 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0A8NwQE976s32zdBbZw6bv – SPONSOR: NETSUITE | SHOPIFY | ORACLE More than 40,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, the #1 cloud financial system bringing accounting, financial management, inventory, HR, into ONE proven platform. If you're looking for an ERP platform, get a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program on NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - Download your free CFO's guide to AI and machine learning. Shopify is the world's leading e-commerce platform, offering a market-leading checkout system Shoppay and exclusive AI apps. Nobody does selling better than Shopify. Get a $1 per month trial at https://shopify.com/momentofzen Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI): Oracle's next-generation cloud platform delivers blazing-fast AI and ML performance with 50% less for compute and 80% less for outbound networking compared to other cloud providers. OCI powers industry leaders like Vodafone and Thomson Reuters with secure infrastructure and application development capabilities. New U.S. customers can get their cloud bill cut in half by switching to OCI before March 31, 2024 at https://oracle.com/cognitive This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia – TIMESTAMPS: The Rise of Christianity Roman Empire and Social Dynamics Jesus of Nazareth and His Impact Christianity's Appeal and Spread Persecution and Triumph The Evolution of Christianity Christianity's Cultural Adaptations -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name by Brian C. Muraresku Apollodorus of Tyana Household Gods by Harry Turtledove  Misreading Scripture with Western Eyes: Removing Cultural Blinders to Better Understand the Bible by E. Randolph Richards The 3D Gospel: Ministry in Guilt, Shame, and Fear Cultures Kindle Edition by Jayson Georges Dominion by Tom Holland Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350-550 AD by Peter Brown The World of Late Antiquity by Peter Brown  Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years by Diarmaid MacCulloch The Rise of Christianity by Rodney Stark Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices