Beyond the Daf - Hadran (Hadran: Advancing Talmud Study for Women)

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain What is Mechilah? How the Case of Mistaken Mechilah Answers that Question Bava Batra 41a sources

The possibility of having a chazakah of three years over landed property corresponds to presumed mechilah (or waiving of rights) by the original owner? But what is mechilah actually? Is it a type of kinyan, or something else? The case of mechilah b’taut, mistaken mechilah, helps us probe that question. Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein HainBeginnings and Endings: A Story Narrated by the “Bavot” Mishnayot What are the overarching framings of the Bavot? How do they relate to each other? What does the transition to Sanhedrin entail?

Sources Comments for the Siyum Bava Batra in Yerushalayim, 18/12/24 Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

⁠⁠⁠Sources

Bava Metzia 85-89

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha Bava Metzia 100 The Mishnah says that when someone exchanges a pregnant cow for a donkey and there is doubt as to whether the cow gave birth before or after the transaction, the two parties split the value of the calf, and no one is required to take an oath. But in the beginning of our masekhet, we learned that when in doubt about the ownership of a garment that two people are holding, they divide it but need to take an oath. And in Bava Batra, in a case when two people are fighting over land they each claim is theirs, the verdict is "kol d'alim gvar," meaning that they fight over it. What's the difference between the cases? The gemara says that in the case of the animal exchange there is "derara d'mamona," while in the other two cases there is not. But what is derara d'mamona? Rashi and Tosafot offer different explanations -- join us for a deep dive into this famous debate. Gefet Ep.81 Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

How should we interpret ridiculous transactions? The case of massive overpayment. Bava Batra 78a בכדי שאין הדעת טועה Sources The Gemara suggests that the overpayment which is obvious to the buyer is not considered ona’ah, and the transaction is valid. This is because we assume that the buyer was aware of the overpayment for the item and was willing to give the extra money that they paid as a gift. This raises the question, which comes up in different places in Shas, of how we should interpret the intentions of people who are party to a transaction that is exaggerated, ridiculous, nonsensical, etc. In this shiur, we will look at a few such examples in Shas that are not only about ona’ah. Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur.

Halakhah mandates martyrdom for three severe transgressions: idolatry, adultery, and murder. But R. Akiva Eiger directs us to a Tosafot in Masekhet Sotah that casts an entirely new light on our understanding of this sugya. Join us for an in-depth Gefet study exploring the boundaries of the obligation to sacrifice one's life in Jewish tradition.

Gefet Ep 105

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha.

Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

From Hadran's Siyum Masechet Bava Batra Learn more on https://hadran.org.il/

Tchiyat Hametim and Olam Haba.

Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval dive into Perek Chelek in Masechet Sanhedrin, exploring these profound questions—and how they connect to the topic of organ donation.

A Daf of Their Own – Thought-provoking Talmudic discussions in a friendly, accessible style with Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval

#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwn

Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz

A shomer sachar (paid guardian) digs a hole deep in the ground to bury the money that he is safekeeping -- and then the money is stolen. Is he liable? What do you think? Explore a heated debate among the Rishonim that emerges from Tosafot on our Daf.

Bava Metzia 42

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Sanhedrin 37b discusses the problem of using circumstantial evidence in capital cases, while allowing it in financial cases. Why should there be a difference between these two types of cases? What is the relationship to dis/allowing circumstantial evidence and seeking justice?

אומד בעדות - ידיעה בלא ראיה Sanhedrin 37b Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il For more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiurWhat happens when someone unknowingly violates a Torah law—not because of a factual mistake but because they genuinely believed their actions were permitted? Does the type of transgression matter—like eating non-kosher food versus committing murder? Join us for this Gefet episode as we explore the complex relationship between Torah law and natural morality.Gefet Ep 104for Sanhedrin 62Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Shalhevet Schwartz

This week, we will address the question of when a litigant can take back voluntary commitments that he took upon himself in beit din. In general, beit din is a place where judges act coercively, but sometimes a litigant is willing to take on commitments beyond those of the black letter law -- in such cases, do those litigants have the option to back out?

Sources

Bava Metzia 34

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer Source Sheet Masechet Bava Kama 93, 94, 95, 96, 97

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study

Who is a Shotah/Shoteh? Bava Kamma 88a

We frequently read of the categories of the חרש, שוטה וקטן, one who is both deaf and mute, one who is non compos mentis and one who is still a minor, none of whom are halakhically considered בני דעת. As such, their participation as halakhic actors is limited. In this session, we will examine specifically the category of שוטה.

⁠Source sheet⁠⁠

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain When Witnesses Admit that they Lied: Sanhedrin 44b describe the tragic situation in which a defendant is put to death despite the fact that the condemning witnesses reneged (too late!) on their testimony. This brings up the question: are we perverting the truth simply to maintain the institution of beit din? Are we perverting this local truth in order to maintain beit din in the long run? How are the protection of institutions and of truth itself related or at odds with each other sometimes? Sanhedrin 44b Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il For more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 86)

The Mishnah at the end of yesterday's Daf becomes the basis for the legal principle of "gerama benizakin assur." Gerama is damage that comes about as an indirect or roundabout result of a person's actions. This principle raises the larger question of the nature of the responsibility that a person bears for her actions' downstream effects, and the Rishonim offer several different perspectives on the scope and force of that responsibility.

Bava Batra 23

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠⁠https://hadran.org.il/

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 80)

Bava Metzia 86

In its discussion of provisions for workers, the gemara speaks about Avraham's seudah and notes that the angels didn't actually eat there. Tosafot is surprised, and says that this is up for debate! So who is it who thinks that the angels really ate, and why would someone say something so bizarre? Join is for this unique Gefet, which bridges halakha and aggadah.

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠⁠Hadran's website

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur

The halakhic principle that “zachin l’adam she’lo be’fanav” allows other people to act on my behalf, as long as it is clear that the action in question is beneficial for me. Our mishnah deals with the question of whether “zachin” is effective for a child, for an adult or both. Today we’ll explore the rishonim and their various positions on the nature of the halakhic mechanism of zachin, its scope, and its relationship to another halakhic concept: that of shelichut.

Gefet Ep 92 for Bava Batra 157

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

source sheet

The Gemara describes ona’at mammon as overcharging (or underpaying) for portable items. This seems far afield from the description of ona’ah in the Torah (Vayikra 25). What does the discrepancy between the two tell us about the various dimensions of ona’at mammon?

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

From Hadran's Siyum Masechet Bava Metzia Watch the full Siyum here.

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur Halakha describes an institution called “shi’abud nechasim” — my property can be collected as payment on a loan even if I, the current owner of the property, am not the one who borrowed money, but I bought the property from the person who did. When can this happen, and why? Join us for week’s Gefet as we discuss this final sugya in Bava Batra, which offers us fascinating window into the development, and, ultimately, the nature of this complicated and multilayered text we call “the Gemara.” Shibuda deorayta שעבוד דאורייתא Gefet Ep 95 for Bava Batra 176 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Bava Batra 10a

sources

On Bava Batra 10a, Rabbi Akiva and Turnusrufus have a discussion about whether God wants people to be poor or not. It turns out that Turnusrufus thinks that God must want there to be poor people in the world if they exist, and no one should intervene to change that. Rabbi Akiva on the other hand, believes that God wants us to intervene to help ameliorate the situation of the poor. This conversation is actually part of an ongoing debate between Greco-Roman thought and Rabbinic thought over what God wants, and how we know…In this shiur, we will examine to other conversations between R. Akiva and Turnusrufus in rabbinic literature that deepen this debate.

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study

When Peshat and Derash Do Not Match - An Eye for an Eye “עין תחת עין” as Monetary Compensation - 

.בבא קמא פג:-פד 

A main feature of rabbinic literature is the interpretation of the Torah she-bichtav. What are we to make of rabbinic interpretation of pesukim that seem to conflict with the plain meaning of the pesukim themselves? We will use the case of עין תחת עין being understood as monetary compensation as our case study.

Printable source sheet⁠

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

This perek in Sanhedrin introduces the concepts of punishing preemptively - punishing the wayward son because of where his current path is leading him (נדון על שם סופו), punishing the home burglar because we presume readiness to commit murder (נדון על שם סופו), and various examples of people who are on their way to committing a capital crime and they may be stopped using lethal force (מצילין אותן בנפשן). These concepts, if expanded, can lead to an overreaching justice system, even one that punishes those who don’t deserve it. Additionally, especially the final concept of מצילין אותן בנפשן can easily lead to vigilante-ism and extreme violence in the name of religion. How have we dealt with these concepts in Jewish history? Do they still apply? If so, when? Are we worried about their slippery slope potential? Last week we discussed נדון על שם סופו, and this week we will discuss רודף, a prime exemplar of מצילין אותן בנפשן.

Sanhedrin 73a, 82a

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

For more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Bava Batra 162b The Gemara in Bava Batra makes a strange assertion: namely that invalid witnesses (e.g, relatives) signed on a shtar do not invalidate the two valid witnesses that are signed onto the shtar. This is surprising because the Gemara in Makkot specifically discusses the domino effect of edut - namely that if one in the group is invalid, the whole testimony is invalidated! In this shiur we will examine when and how unified we consider various edim.

Printable sources Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

Bava Batra 21

Sources

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠hadran.org.il

תכף מתחילות מסכת מכות! למה קוראים לה ככה? ולמה בית כלא הוא לא ענישה אפשרית?

הרבנית שירה מרילי מירוויס והרבנית חמוטל שובל פותחות את מסכת מכות

דף משלהן פרק 142

(פרק 1 למכות)איך מצטרפים ללמוד מסכת מכות?

כאן נרשמים לקבלת הדף היומי ושיעורים נוספים (ללא תשלום):

https://hadran.org.il/he/subscribe/

דף משלהן באתר הדרן:

https://hadran.org.il/he/channel/daf-mishelahen/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Bava Batra 131 132 What can we assess about the intentions of those who are giving, accepting, selling, buying, etc. without them being explicit? In this shiur, we will examine the concept of אומדנא, assessing intentions that are not made explicitly, and how/when they play a role in defining the parameters of a transaction. Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on ⁠⁠Hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur Sanhedrin, which deals with the justice system, turns early on to the question of the place of mediation — or compromise — within a legal framework. Join us this week as we dive into the sugya and explore whether compromise is acceptable only when it comes to monetary matters, or whether there is a place for compromise even when our deeply held values and commitments stand in the balance. Peshara פשרה Gefet Ep 96 for Sanhedrin 6-7 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha.

Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Din & Daf: Borrowing without Permission: Why is it Problematic? Bava Metzia 41, 43

source sheet

The Gemara in BM 41a and 43b claim that one who uses another person’s items without permission is a thief and she is liable for damages if someone happens to the item even after she finished using it! Why should this be so, especially where the “borrower” returned the item to where she found it before anything happened to it? Is this categorization always relevant? In this shiur, we will examine the logic behind this categorization of thief, especially what it suggests about personal ownership in halakhah. Dr. Elana Stein Hain - dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur Can the righteous be punished for sins they neither committed nor knew about? In this shiur, we delve into a fascinating debate among the Tannaim on the concept of collective punishment. Along the way, we’ll uncover the significance of the Torah’s mysterious "dotted" letters and their connection to this profound moral and theological question. Gefet Ep 101 for Sanhedrin 43 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha.

Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

What makes Jerusalem so extraordinary? Why can it never become an 'Ir HaNidachat' (a city condemned for idolatry)?

Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval explore ten unique aspects that exist only in Jerusalem.

A Daf of Their Own – Thought-provoking Talmudic discussions in a friendly, accessible style with Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval

#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwn

Learn more on Hadran.org.il

What does it mean to summon the dead? Is it permissible to erect a tombstone?Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval dive into the world of mysticism and idolatry in this week's episode of A Daf of Their Own- Hadran's weekly vlog.Join the conversation!#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwnLearn more on Hadran.org.il

From Hadran's Siyum Masechet Bava Batra

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Sanhedrin 12b discusses the possibility of adding a month to the calendar in order to avoid the masses being ritual impure (due to contact with a corpse). This raises the possibility that when the masses are ritual impure, they may be able to offer korbanot in that state anyway. What is the idea behind this concept? What is it trying to communicate regarding the sanctity of the Jewish calendar (symbolized by korbanot) and the sanctity of the Jewish people (symbolized by permissiveness when the collective is implicated)? sources

Sanhedrin 12b Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 88)

"God's seal is truth," and so the duty of a judge when faced with a dispute is, in general, to successfully bring the truth to light. But what does a judge do when there is no failsafe way to determine the right answer? Today we'll familiarize ourselves with the legal tools that make it possible to pave a way forward when judges face uncertainty, and we'll dive deeper into one particularly fascinating solution known as shuda d'dayanei.

Bava Batra 35

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠https://hadran.org.il/

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Bava Metzia 112

Why does a contractor collect his wages via an oath? Why not believe the employer? The gemara explains that an employer is readily confused and doesn't remember who has been paid, and is therefore less trustworthy. Tosafot is extremely troubled by this sugya, and is left without an answer. What is Tosafot's concern? What answers have been offered, and how is all of this connected to the principle of migo? Join us for a Gefet on the contractor's oath.

Gefet Ep.83

Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Shira is always right… but what happens when she’s not?! Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval explore the fascinating concept of "edim zomemim" (false conspiring witnesses) through the teachings of Abaye and Rava. Plus, unravel the mystery of "Yael Kegam"! A Daf of Their Own- Hadran's weekly vlog discussing topics from the Daf. Join the conversation! Learn more on ⁠Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

What is the logic behind ignoring conditions made in an agreement that attempt to override the Torah? According to Chazal, the condition is void unless the context is financial, while the agreement stands without it. Why shouldn’t such conditions have the teeth to void the whole agreement or transaction? And why are conditions in monetary transactions valid even if they override Torah?

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

For more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

For more Din and Daf:

https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Bava Batra perek יש נוחלין שטר חצי זכר Despite the fact that daughters, both Biblically and rabbinically, do not receive inheritance (but only support) alongside their brothers, today women do receive a share in their deceased parents’ estate. How does this work, and why is it permissible? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur

Rav and Shmuel debate whether the passage in Sefer Shmuel known as “parashat hamelech” really outlines the rights of a Jewish king or whether its purpose was something else entirely. What kind of authority does the Torah grant to a leader of Am Yisrael? What is the relationship between his public authority and his private rights? Join us as we see several views among the rishonim on the Torah’s vision for political authority. Gefet Ep 98 for Sanhedrin 20 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Bava Batra 84b רוב בממון⁠ sources The Gemara describes a disagreement between Rav and Shmuel over whether we can presume the intentions of a consumer based on the majority of situations. In this shiur we will examine the logic behind Shmuel’s view, namely that we should not presume that consumers are acting in the same manner as the majority of situations. Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain The case of מודה בשטר שכתבו Bava Batra 154 Bava Batra 154a discusses the following case: Where a signed shtar (contract) has not been verified as genuine by witnesses, does admitting being party to it give you an advantage (i.e., we accept your version of events), or does it put you at a disadvantage (i.e., we now take the shtar seriously on its own, independent of your events). This is called מודה בשטר שכתבו, and in this shiur we will consider what this case tells us about the relative power of admission, possession and signed contracts. Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

What are eidim zomemim (plotting witnesses)? What's the difference between contradicting testimony and hazama (refuting the validity of witnesses)?

Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval dive into Masechet Makkot.

A Daf of Their Own – Thought-provoking Talmudic discussions in a friendly, accessible style with Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval

#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwn

Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 85) On the 17th of Tammuz, the luchot were broken. Our sugya arrives, via a question about how to distribute sacred texts, at a discussion of what, precisely, was in the Aron haBerit - the Ark of the Covenant - and teaches that both "the tablets and the shattered tablets were placed in the Ark." Commentators debate about where exactly the shards were kept. Join us to explore what lies at the heart of this debate: a larger question about the place of broken pieces in our lives.

Bava Batra 14

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠https://hadran.org.il/

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiurThe gemara prohibits a Gentile from studying Torah beyond the seven Noahide laws, but the Meiri offers a unique read of this sugya, leading to a very different conclusion. Join us as we dive into the positions of the Rishonim and their ramifications for interfaith dialogue and learning.Gefet Ep 103for Sanhedrin 59Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Bava Metsia 30b

source sheet

The Gemara introduces the concept of lifnim mi-shurat ha-din, often described as going above and beyond the letter of the law. But what does this category actually mean? Does this mean that a person can choose whether or not to do it? If so, what are the ramifications of that? And if it can be forced, who can and enforce it, and how is it still considered going beyond the letter of the law?

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

A Purim shiur from Hadran's Siyum #MegillahChallenge, 2024

For the full siyum, click here.

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

"On Second Thought" returns with a series of shiurim on the death penalty in Judaism, a central topic in Masechet Sanhedrin spanning four chapters, from Daf 49 to Daf 90. This episode: Capital Punishment in the Bible

Sanhedrin 49 -90

Learn more on https://hadran.org.il/

A Daf of Their Own - Join Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval as they dive into Masechet Sanhedrin in the debut episode of Hadran's weekly vlog! This week: Is there em l’mikra, in which we rule by the way something is generally read, or em l’masoret, by the way it is actually written?

Join the conversation!

More at Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein HainIn many places in Masechet Sanhedrin, the Gemara uses the reading rule that allows us to read meaning into a completely unrelated word. The rule is called אם אינו ענין ל_ תנהו ענין ל. This reading rule raises the important question of rabbinic legal parshanut in general. They pay close attention to each and every letter and word, and yet they are able to stretch the meaning of words and phrases. Where do they get their reading strategies from, and what do these strategies tell us about how Chazal understood Torah? Sanhedrin 66aDr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.ilFor more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

חזקת מרא קמא

⁠⁠source sheet⁠⁠

BM 100

Of the many principles afforded by the Gemara about how to resolve property disputes, perhaps the most surprising is what’s known as חזקת מרא קמא, presuming that the property still belongs to the person who originally owned it even if it is no longer physically there! What is the logic behind this principle? What can it teach us about presumptions about the reality? About ownership? About dealing with uncertainty?

Questions? Comments? Email ⁠⁠dinanddaf@gmail.com

We’re about to begin Masechet Makkot! Why is it called that? And why isn’t prison an option for punishment in the Torah?

Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval open the masechet with you.

A Daf of Their Own – Thought-provoking Talmudic discussions in a friendly, accessible style with Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval

#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwn

Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 87)

What happens when the testimony of two witnesses contradicts the testimony of two others? Clearly, someone is lying - we just don't know who the liars are. Can these witnesses testify again in the future? Rav Huna thinks they can, but Rav Chisda disagrees. What is Rav Huna's rationale? And why should this case be any different from a case of Eidim Zomemim, in which we believe the second set of witnesses? Join us for a taste a complex sugya that deals with sefekot, chazakot, truth, and trust. Bava Batra 31

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠https://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Getting someone else to do your dirty work אין שליח לדבר עבירה

Dr. Elana Stein Hain - dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

source sheet

In halakhah, the excuse, “But she told me to do it!” or “But it was his idea!” does not pass muster. Only the person who committed the wrong gets punished, not the person who suggested the idea or even sent the other person to commit the wrong on their behalf! While it is perfectly sensible to punish the person who actually committed the act, should the person who suggested it, who told that person to do something wrong really be let off scot free?

Dr. Elana Stein Hain is the Rosh Beit Midrash and a senior research fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute of North America. Passionate about bringing Torah into conversation with contemporary life, she teaches Talmud from the Balcony, an occasional learning seminar exposing the big ideas, questions, and issues motivating Talmudic discussions; she authored Circumventing the Law: Rabbinic Perspectives on Legal Loopholes and Integrity (pre-order discount code: PENN-ESHAIN30) which uses halakhic loopholes as a lens for understanding rabbinic views on law and ethics; and she co-hosts For Heaven’s Sake, a bi-weekly podcast with Donniel Hartman and Yossi Klein Halevi, exploring contemporary issues related to Israel and the Jewish world. In mid-January, Elana will be starting a new podcast called TEXTing, where she and guest scholars study Torah texts that engage issues of the moment for the Jewish world. She lives in Manhattan with her beloved family.

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

⁠⁠⁠Sources⁠⁠⁠

Bava Metzia 70-80 Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur Can the righteous be punished for sins they neither committed nor knew about? In this shiur, we delve into a fascinating debate among the Tannaim on the concept of collective punishment. Along the way, we’ll uncover the significance of the Torah’s mysterious "dotted" letters and their connection to this profound moral and theological question. Gefet Ep 102 for Sanhedrin 48 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Bava Metzia general concept: Mashkon

In this shiur, we will examine some of the limitations that the Torah places on lenders towards those who borrow money from them through the halakhot of mashkon. This will give us a sense of how lending money is meant to be a type of tzedakah rather than a cold business transaction.

Sources Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Can Super Nanny help here? The Rebellious Son – Fact or Fiction?

Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval dive into the topic of the Rebellious Son, education, and the Sefer HaChinuch (a classic Jewish text on mitzvot) in this week's episode of A Daf of Their Own, Hadran's weekly vlog.

Join the conversation!#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwnLearn more on Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain כׇל הַמְחוּיָּב שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִישָּׁבַע – מְשַׁלֵּם Bava Batra 33-34 On Bava Batra 34a, a principle is introduced in the name of Rabbi Abba, that in a case of monetary dispute, anyone who is obligated to take an oath but cannot do so must pay the other litigant. How should we understand this position?How does it square with similar situations, such as where a defendant would like to take an oath, but is not believed in court because of prior misdeeds? What does all this teach us about the role of oaths in general in monetary disputes? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

"On Second Thought" returns with a series of shiurim on the death penalty in Judaism, a central topic in Masechet Sanhedrin spanning four chapters, from Sanhedrin 49 to 90. This episode: Capital Punishment in the Bible

Sanhedrin 49 -90

Learn more on https://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain What inspired more trust in the institution of bet din - being able to understand the reasoning of the psak bet din, or specifically keeping explanations for experts only? In this shiur, we will examine this question on the basis of this week’s daf and how rishonim and poskim have ruled on the issue. Sanhedrin 31b Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

For more Din and Daf: hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf

What happens if someone requested that no eulogies be given at their funeral? Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval discuss eulogies and funerals in this week's episode of A Daf of Their Own- Hadran's weekly vlog. Join the conversation! #DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwn Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain What is the concept behind חזקת ג’ שנים? Bava Batra 28a sources

The third perek of Bava Batra introduces the concept of חזקת ג’ שנים, that one who has been living on a property for three years without protest from the original property owner is considered the new owner despite having no official deed of sale. Why and how does this work? What does it teach us about human relationships to landed property and about this financial arena as a whole? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Acting in Someone Else’s Interest without their Knowledge - זכין לאדם שלא בפניו

Source sheet

We have seen a few mentions of the principle that one may effectuate binding transactions on someone else’s behalf without the latter’s knowledge. How does this work? What does this tell us about human interest and about human connection from a legal point of view?

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 89)

According to the basic principles of inheritance in halakhah, children inherit from their parents. What is the reasoning behind this basic halakhic rule? And how do Chazal think about parents who give their property to others so their children can't inherit? Join us as we tackle these questions, which will give us a window into some of the foundational principles of Perek "Yesh Nochalin."  

Bava Batra 133

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://hadran.org.il/

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer Masechet

⁠Sources⁠

Bava Metzia 42 Learn more on hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain From Hadran's Siyum Masechet Bava Metzia

Watch the full Siyum ⁠here⁠. Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

"On Second Thought" returns with a series of shiurim on the death penalty in Judaism, a central topic in Masechet Sanhedrin spanning four chapters, from Daf 49 to Daf 90. This episode: Capital Punishment in the Bible

Sanhedrin 49 -90

Learn more on https://hadran.org.il/

Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer A machshava perspective on Masechet Bava Kama 50, as we discuss concepts that arise in the daf yomi.

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study

source sheet

The gemara in Bava Metzia 58b states that oppression with speech (ona’at devarim) is a greater sin than oppression with finances (ona’at mammon). One reason given is because while the latter affects money, the former affects the “self.” This distinction is well-worn among Chazal, both in terms of protecting/harming someone’s possessions vs. their person and in terms of using one’s own possessions vs. one’s own person to do good. We will examine this distinction in this shiur.

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Bava Batra 84b Sources The mishnah on Bava Batra 84b discusses the possibility of a consumer acting in a clever manner to pre-empt the seller from canceling the transaction. What is the meaning of this category of being clever (פקח.ת), and how is it different from being a trickster (רמאי), which is considered problematic? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Sources (available in Hebrew only)

From Hadran's Siyum Masechet Bava Kamma

Watch the full siyum here

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain דינא דמלכותא דינא Bava Batra 54b-55a Shmuel introduces the notion that the law of the land must be followed by Jews. What is the concept behind this? How much does the law of the land become part of Jewish law, and how much is Jewish law “subject” to the law of the land? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

🎙️ Launching "A Daf of Their Own"! 🚀 Join Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval as they dive into Masechet Sanhedrin in the debut episode of our weekly vlog! Together, they’ll unpack the wisdom and drama of the Talmud, bringing fresh perspectives, humor, and real-life relevance to timeless debates. This week: What’s the difference between our legal systems today and the justice of the Sanhedrin? Find out why this masechet is the perfect entry point to your Talmud journey. Join masechet Sanhedrin here: hadran.org.il/subscribe/

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur What should a judge do when they suspect that both parties in a case are lying? Our sugya directs judges to cross-examine litigants, but Tosafot reveal that the matter is far from straightforward. Join us as we delve into key texts from Masechet Sanhedrin and explore how these principles were applied in the rulings of the Rosh, one of the greatest dayanim in Jewish history. Gefet Ep 99 for Sanhedrin 32 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Bava Batra 147 המוכר שטר חוב לחברו וחזר ומחלו, מחול?! Gefet Ep.91 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and TosfotAn in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 84)

Is it a good thing for a society to force tzedakah? Is it beit din's responsibility to ensure, even if they have to resort to force, that citizens give charity?

Tosafot on our sugya addresses this question, and through their answer, we can take a broader look at the sugyot pertaining to tzedakah that we're about to encounter and better understand what those sugyot are doing here, in Masechet Bava Batra.

Bava Batra 8

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on https://hadran.org.il/

Is a child allowed to care for their parents according to halakha? What happens when they are the only ones who can help? Can a nurse administer an IV to her own parents, or is that considered causing harm?Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval dive into Masechet Sanhedrin to explore the boundaries between honoring parents and the prohibition against causing harm.📖🎧 Join us for a fascinating discussion!#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwnLearn more on Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

source sheet

The opening mishnah in Bava Metzia is about two people holding the same found garment and is an important springboard for discussions about the different ways that ownership disputes are resolved throughout Shas. In this shiur, we will offer a general overview of the different methodologies used by Chazal to resolve such disputes, and what variables determine those methods.

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

Bava Batra 3b, Bava Batra 8

In this session, we examine several sources within the Bavli about the mitzvah of redeeming captives that conflict with each other, having great impact on decisions about what “cost” or sacrifice is appropriate to expend on saving hostages. Given the resonance of this topic with today’s Israeli reality, we also set the stage for 20th century Israeli discussions about this issue.

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

Bava Metzia 111 112 113

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur The Menorah of the Mikdash -- a symbol of wisdom -- touches on the mystery of wisdom of the Sanhedrin. Rav says that only one who is able, via Biblical hermeneutics, to render a sheretz pure is wise enough to sit on the Sanhedrin. Rabbeinu Tam asks: what is the point of this apparently futile "wisdom"? Join us as we see the ways the rishonim and acharonim address this question and the conclusions they reach about the nature of the Torah's justice system. Gefet Ep 97 for Sanhedrin 17 Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on hadran.org.il

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

Masechet Bava Batra

On the topic of neighbors, a recurring theme in the masechet

Printable Sources

Learn more on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur

In this Gefet episode, we will summarize the debate between Rambam and Ramban on the resurrection of the dead and shine a spotlight on two sugyot in Perek Chelek that discuss the doctrine of Shemitot. Join us as we explore Ramban’s unique cyclical perception of time and delve into the Rishonim’s dispute regarding the resurrection of the dead.

Gefet Ep 108

Sanhedrin 90-99

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha.

Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il

What are the Seven Noahide Laws? Is there an obligation to teach them to non-Jews? And what happened on the way to the Kotel?Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval discuss the Mitzvot of Non-Jews in this week's episode of A Daf of Their Own- Hadran's weekly vlog.Join the conversation!#DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwnLearn more on Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

The Gemara treats this infraction with utmost severity. But what does it mean? The answer may surprise you!

Sanhedrin 99b

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

For more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz

As we approach Pesach, we'll look together at the sugya of "Mi ShePara," and will explore how, throughout the laws of transactions and the laws of shomrim, the words that we say become both ethically and legally meaningful even before legal action has been taken. Can words alone obligate me?

Sources

Bava Metzia 49

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

A Daf of Their Own- Join Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval to discuss "A king does not judge and is not judged." When did this concept begin? Who holds Kings accountable? Why is there a difference between the Davidic dynasty and the kings of Israel? Join the conversation! #DafYomi #MasechetSanhedrin #ADafOfTheirOwn Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

"Righteous Human Beings are Better than Angels!" This short declaration on Sanhedrin 93a exposes a thread within the rabbinic imagination about what makes humans worthy of Torah. In this shiur, we will examine the development of rabbinic thought about the similarities and dissimilarities between humans and angels, revealing a rabbinic take on the meaning of life!

Sanhedrin 92, 93

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

For more Din and Daf: https://hadran.org.il/channel/din-daf/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain

source sheet

Similar to ona’at mammon, in which neither the consumer nor the seller may perform it (consumer can’t underpay; seller can’t overcharge), the prohibition of taking interest applies to both borrower and lender (borrower can’t give it; lender can’t charge/accept it). How does this factor impact our understanding of what the prohibition of interest (ribit) is all about?

Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Bava Batra 147 sources Bava Batra 147b discusses the rabbinic decree (takkanah) to allow a person on their deathbed (shekhiv me-ra) to effectuate a financial transaction by words alone rather than requiring a formal act of acquisition (ma’aseh kinyan) out of fear of causing teruf da’at. What does teruf da’at mean, and what are its applications in Chazal’s general though process? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il Learn more on Hadran.org.il

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur

Tefillah is one of the most complicated and difficult mitzvot in the life of a believer. Today, via a debate between Rashbam and Tosafot about the meaning of the phrase “iyun tefillah,” we’ll attempt to understand what, precisely makes prayer so difficult: is the challenge in our ability to concentrate, or our capacity to make room for the uncertainty inherent in our relationship with God?

Gefet Ep 93 for Bava Batra 164

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha. Learn more on http://hadran.org.il/

Din & Daf: Conceptual Analysis of Halakha Through Case Study with Dr. Elana Stein Hain Why Was Rabbi Yirmiyah Thrown out of the Beit Midrash?  Measurements, in Theory and in Practice Bava Batra 23

sources On Bava Batra 23b, R. Yirmiyah gets thrown out of the beit midrash for questioning the standard measurement established for determining ownership of a fallen bird by offering a theoretical exception. In at least three other places in the Talmud Bavli, R. Yirmiyah is also found questioning legal measurements or standards by offering theoretical exceptions or outlier test cases. What is this questioning about, and what do R. Zeira’s answers teach us about rabbinic understanding of the halakhic system? Dr. Elana Stein Hain – dinanddaf@hadran.org.il

Gefet: Gemara, Perushim and Tosfot

An in-depth (Iyun) Gemara shiur with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz (Episode 79)

Bava Metzia 72 75

Are witnesses who testified about a loan with interest considered valid?

The Mishnah at the end of the perek clarifies that witnesses violate the lav of "lo tesimun alav neshech" , and Tosafot explains that sometimes they also violate the prohibition of "lifnei iver". In light of our sugya, it's difficult to understand how the gemara on Daf 72 says that a document attesting to a loan with interest is considered valid. How could it be that it's a valid document if the witnesses are violating halakha, and those who violate halakha are invalid witnesses?! Tosafot offers a fascinating solution to this problem -- join us for a deep time as we approach the end of the perek.

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha

Learn more on ⁠Hadran's website

Should a transaction that has been coerced be considered valid by Jewish law? Should the law care about the internal feelings or misgivings of someone who is being forced into making a sale or giving a sacrifice or even giving a writ of divorce? Why or why not? source sheet

Bava Kamma 62

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer Laws of found objects, between the laws of the Torah and the laws of Hammurabi

⁠⁠Source Sheet⁠⁠

Masechet Bava Metzia 9

On Second Thought: Delving Into the Sugya with Rabbanit Yafit Clymer

⁠Sources⁠

Bava Batra 59 60 Learn more on https://hadran.org.il/

Gefet- Gemara, Perushim, and Tosafot, an in-depth Iyun gemara shiur

Rabbi Yehuda and Chachamim are divided as to the status of a slave with regard to boshet (shame) payments and as to whether one is liable for death penalty for kidnapping someone who is half enslaved. Behind these disputes -- which seem distant from our reality -- lies a conceptual question about the nature of kinship: what is kinship? Are there different kinds of kinship? Join us as we explore this debate.

Gefet Ep 106

Gefet with Rabbanit Yael Shimoni and Shalhevet Schwartz is in collaboration with Yeshivat Drisha.

Learn more on ⁠⁠hadran.org.il