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Better Than Human (Jennifer and Amber)

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Dive into the complete episode list for Better Than Human. Each episode is cataloged with detailed descriptions, making it easy to find and explore specific topics. Keep track of all episodes from your favorite podcast and never miss a moment of insightful content.

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Pub. DateTitleDuration
09 Feb 2022Groundhogs: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck on Groundhog Day?01:00:41

Groundhogs, also known as woodchucks, are rodents belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots. Who knew groundhogs and woodchucks were the same species? Not the hosts before this episode! Despite their continued use in predicting the weather every mid-winter, groundhogs and their behaviors have not been well-studied by researchers. 

In The Good, The Bad, The News

Fake snow for the Olympics, how bad is it really? 

Once gone from Florida, American Flamingo is being sighted again in Florida's rich wetlands. 

Biologist Tim Wong Dingle-Handedly Repopulates Rare Butterfly Species In His Own Backyard.

What do we actually know about groundhogs? They are excellent burrowers, using their burrows for sleeping, rearing young, and hibernating. If you see one, its burrow is almost certainly nearby. We know human development near second-growth forests caused a boom in groundhog populations by creating ideal habitats. On the other hand, though, intensive agricultural areas and dairy farms decimated their populations in other areas. But chances are if you live in the Northeast United States or Canada, you've definitely seen one, probably on the side of the road.  We also know no one can agree on whether or not they're a pest. 

Listen now to find out more about this fascinating creature that somehow became a cultural icon of an old winter tradition. 

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We look forward to hearing from you, and we look forward to you joining our cult of weirdness!

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16 Feb 2022Dung Beetles: The Sacred Species That Transforms the World for Good00:58:11

Dung beetles are a large group of Scarabaeinae that almost exclusively feed on dung. Dung Beetles are widely used as an indicator of an ecosystem's health. In some countries, they have even been introduced for the benefit of animal husbandry. The dung beetle, (otherwise known as a scarab), enjoyed a sacred status among the ancient Egyptians. Trust us, you want to learn more about this amazing beetle. 

The Good, The Bad, The News

Climate change is affecting animals in weird ways like increasing divorce rates among albatrosses and polar bear inbreeding. 

Australia's koala is now officially endangered, a decision both long expected and completely preventable

Same-sex penguins hatch their first chick at New York zoo, and parents and baby are doing great.

Gray wolves back on endangered species as federal judge restores protections for gray wolves in much of U.S., reversing Trump's (bad)  policy.

Dung beetles live in many habitats and are found on all continents except Antarctica. Dung beetles do not have to eat or drink anything else, because the dung provides all the necessary nutrients. By burying and consuming dung, dung beetles improve nutrient recycling and soil structure and reduce the number of pests. So you want these bugs around. 

The Egyptians saw the  scarab (dung beetle) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. The image, conveying ideas of transformation and resurrection, is ubiquitous in ancient Egypt. Dung beetles can navigate using the Milky Way making them the only insects known to orient themselves by the Milky Way. 

Listen now to discover the mysteries of the dung beetle. 

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23 Feb 2022Starfish Are Meant to Shine01:00:17

Starfish, more accurately called Sea Stars, are star-shaped echinoderms (animals) that can be found in all the world's oceans. There are over 2000 species of Starfish found on every shoreline to the depths of the deepest oceans. Instead of blood, starfish use the water around them in a primitive version of a vascular system  used for locomotion, adhesion, food manipulation and gas exchange. Some starfish’s stomachs can be everted from their body to engulf and digest food.

In The Good, The Bad, The News
Sofía Jirau has become the First Victoria’s Secret Model With Down Syndrome. It took long enough, but congrats Sofía.

Did you know that your vacation photos can help save endangered animals? Scientists use AI to analyze images of wildlife for crucial data.

Kim Potter, the cop convicted in Daunte Wright's death, is sentenced to 2 years, to the justified disappointment and anger of Wright's parents.

Kanye West’s behavior isn’t eccentric nor is it entertaining, it is abusive.

Most starfish have the ability to regenerate lost limbs. In some species, a single arm can regenerate into a whole new individual.  If that isn't cool, the hosts don't know what is.  If there’s enough food around, Starfish might even bud and reproduce asexually. All this means is that under the right conditions, starfish can reproduce rapidly, which may have saved them from a zombie virus off the coast of Western America. 

However, that is just the tip of the iceberg of how cool starfish really are.  Listen now to learn more about Sea Stars, the Starfish you’ll find in all the oceans. 

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02 Mar 2022Dandelions: A Flower By Any Other Name00:55:03

Have you ever wished upon a dandelion?  Those little puffballs that grow in your front yard, and if you blow away all the seeds you get a wish? By blowing away the seeds, you’ve actually granted the dandelion's wish of seed dispersal and helped one of the earth’s most abundant flowering species. 

Dandelions, also known as blowballs,  are tap-rooted, perennial, herbaceous plants native to temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. These plants, which many humans often call weeds, are actually an important part of the ecosystem and are incredibly useful to many creatures, including humans. Our ancestors grew dandelions for food and medicine since the beginning of farming.

In The Good, The Bad, The News

Just because it’s called “natural” doesn’t mean it’s good. “Black salves”, used to treat moles and cancer, are dangerous and can be life-threatening. So don't use them.

Mosquitoes learn to avoid pesticides after just one exposure, which means the pesticides we currently use may not be effective forever. Mosquitoes may be one thing that is not Better Than Human. 

Old wind turbine blades are being used for bridge construction after they’re retired, which is good news because the blades are not biodegradable. 

Humpback whales have been removed from the Australian Threatened Species List following an incredible recovery in numbers.

Because Dandelions are one of the first flowers in early spring, their nectar is important for a wide hosts of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. 

Raw dandelion greens are a healthy food for humans, and contain phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are chemicals produced by plants, generally to help them resist infection. The term is used to  used to describe plant compounds that are under research. While many supplement companies make outlandish claims about phytochemicals, like they can cure cancer, phytochemicals may or may not actually be useful to humans when consumed.  Either way, dandelions don't cure cancer. But they may be good in your salad and are great for the environment. So let's all go blow on some blowballs. 

Listen now to learn more about dandelions 

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09 Mar 2022Marine Iguanas: The Sea Lizard of the Galápagos Islands00:58:46

Marine Iguanas are the only lizards currently on Earth that go into the ocean. Known as sea iguana or saltwater iguana, they are a species found only on the Galápagos Islands. These unique lizards forage for algae, which make up almost all of its diet, when not sunbathing on the shore. How and why did Marine Iguanas evolve only on these tiny islands in the middle of the ocean? Well, it’s complicated and exclusive to these islands loved by Charles Darwin. 

In The Good The Bad The News
A box of human heads was stolen in Denver. The heads were being transported for medical research, and no leads on who took them, or why. 
EPA enforcement of environmental laws has seriously declined, because that’s what happens when we cut their budget, and this is bad news for the environment. 
Break through discovery allows for plastic to be recycled at room temperature indefinitely. 
International plastic treaty in the works. This treaty would tackle production and packaging design .

Marine Iguanas were described as ugly when first ‘discovered’ by Europeans. This was mostly due to their dark colors that they evolved to more efficiently warm up after leaving the cool ocean water. Their special organ that allows them to expel sea salt leaving a crust of salt on their heads probably didn’t help their case either. 
Marine Iguanas have evolved to fill a very specific niche that is found nowhere else on this planet. Any changes to this environment, specifically those caused by humans, could cause this remarkable species to disappear.

Listen now to learning about Marine Iguanas, the only lizards of the sea. 

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We look forward to hearing from you, and we look forward to you joining our cult of weirdness!

#betterthanhuman #cultofweirdnes

16 Mar 2022InverteButts: All About Those Weird Invertebrate Butts01:01:10

In celebration of #InverteButtWeek on Twitter, this week's episode is all about those butts. And guess what? There are a lot of weirdass butts in the animal kingdom. How and why did we evolve butts?  Scientists still are not exactly sure how anuses evolved. What we do know, though, is that for those animals lucky enough to have an anus, they have been rewarded with the ability to digest food more efficiently. Here are some examples of weird invertebrate butts in this episode. 

Comb Jellies are one of the largest animals to swim using cilia. Comb Jellies probably have one of the weirdest butts, considering they have transient anus that comes and goes as they please. These animals might help explain how anuses evolved to begin with. 

Scorpions, specifically Ananteris scorpions, can literally lose their butts and survive. These scorpions detach their tails to escape predators. However, when they sacrifice their tails they lose not only their stingers but also their ability to poop. Yes, scorpions poop from their tail, and yes, they can live for months after losing their butt.

Sea cucumbers have been described as the earth worms of the ocean. But why are their butts interesting? Did you know they breathe through their butts? Or that they can use their butts as a defense mechanism? Or that they can spit their organs out of their butt? 

Diving Beetles are aquatic insects found in lakes, ponds and streams. These beetles breathe air, cannot “hold” their breath like sea mammals, and they don’t have gills. So how do they spend most of their lives under water? With their butts, kind of. 

Beaded Lacewing are winged soft body insects. These basic bugs will lay their eggs next to a termite mound because termites are their only source of food. Guess how they kill these termites? With deadly farts. 

Bombardier beetles are a group of ground beetles that eat mostly insects. What makes these beetle’s butts interesting is they eject a boiling hot quinonoid spray from their butts to protect themselves. This toxic spray can kill bugs and burn humans. Reminds us of our Dragon episode ...

Listen now to learn more about weird invertebrate butts, and help celebrate butt week. 

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23 Mar 2022Wolverines: The Ferocious Predator and Trickster of the North00:53:33

Wolverines are solitary animals that have a reputation for being ferocious and containing a strength out of proportion to their size. For example, though wolverines are the size of a medium dog, they have no problem taking on much larger animals, like a moose. Yes, Logan, from the X-Men is named after this animal, and if you know anything about this character, this is a good super hero name for him.  (Well, Jennifer, that's because he was specifically designed with a wolverine animal in mind.) 

Known as a trickster God in various Native American tribes, the wolverine is a long animal with short limbs and teeth strong enough to bite through frozen bones. The wolverine population has steadily declined since the 19th century due to range reduction, habitat fragmentation and human hunting.

Wolverines are primarily scavengers and have often been called gluttons because of how quickly and how much they eat. The range of a wolverine is large and radio tracking suggests an animal can travel hundreds of miles in a few months. Traveling wolverines are even known to use human roads to travel!

In The Good The Bad The News
The Bad
Asian-American actress Karen Fukuhara attacked by a coward who attacked her, threw racial slurs at her, and then walked away like the scum that he is. #stopasianhate 
The Good
A cute adorable, endangered Baby Rhino was born in a Czech Zoo.
Brazil scientists at São Paulo State University have designed a completely biodegradable plastic for use as food packaging, partly made from a gelatin-based biofilm.

Listen now to learn about Wolverines, the large Mustelids of the North.

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05 Apr 2022The Fruit Fly: Drosophila One of The Most Important Organisms in Biology00:59:37

Fruit Flies, Drosophila melanogaster, are easily the best understood multicellular organism on the planet. Why do we know so much about Drosophila? Who decided to start studying this fly? And why do we keep investing time and money to fruit fly studies?

Drosophila and humans share over 60% of our DNA, and about 75% of known human disease genes have a match in the DNA of fruit flies. Meaning, most human diseases can be studied using fruit flies. Drosophila is currently being used as a genetic model for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's disease, aging, oxidative stress, immunity, diabetes, and cancer, as well as drug abuse. Yes, we study all that (and a lot more) in this tiny (under 3 millimeter long) fruit fly. 

To look at why biologists started studying Drosophila we have to go back over 100 years ago to the Fly Room at Columbia University, and the experiments of Thomas Hunt Morgan. To see how we study Fruit Flies, you just need to look at all the Nobel Prizes awarded to scientists who made it their life's work to study with this fly. 

You probably studied fruit flies in biology at some point in your life, but most likely are not sure why biologists make such a big deal out of this tiny little insect. Listen now to find out why we know so much about Drosophila and why we keep studying the fruit fly. 


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13 Apr 2022The Platypus: The Weirdest Animal on this Pale Blue Dot00:56:07

The platypus is one of (or is) the weirdest animals on this planet. With its beaver-like tail, otter-like fur, and duck-like bill, the platypus looks like someone took leftover animal parts and sewed them together to make a hoax.

When the first platypus arrived in England European scientists thought they were looking at a hoax, and we don’t blame them. If someone handed us a platypus with no context, we’d probably assume it was the jackalope of Australia. 

This Monotreme (a special group of mammals that were made just for the platypus and echidnas), is an egg-laying, venomous, lizard-walking,  stomach-less, nipple-less and toothless animal with biofluorescent fur. It also spends twelve hours a day hunting in murky water using electroreception.  We told you it was weird. This bizarre animal's DNA reflects the animal; primitive and unchanged, a strange mix of bird, reptile, and mammalian genes. 

The platypus is an odd in-between mammal, and its genome is a bridge to our own evolutionary past. Listen now to learn more. 

In the Good The Bad The News
Itchy eye in a gardener turns out to be maggot larvae infestation. Because, apparently, that’s a gross thing that can happen. 
Zoos are bringing their birds indoors due to the avian flu that is going around.
And, no, America is not the happiest place on earth, we didn’t even make it to the top 10. 

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20 Apr 2022Axolotl: The Adorable Deadpool of Vertebrates00:57:23

Axolotl. You’ve probably seen a picture of this cute, meme-worthy animal, but what do you really know about this captivating animal? Do you know the one place on earth where they're natively found? Do you know how few are left in the wild and what hinders conservation efforts?  Why some consider them the fruit flies of amphibians? Or, perhaps the most important question, why are they so darn cute?

The axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, is  a close relative to the tiger salamander. Native to one small region of Mexico, Axolotls are weird even among amphibians due to the fact that instead of living on the land in their adult form, they  remain aquatic and retain their juvenile characteristics, such as their gills, throughout their life. This natural phenomenon is called neoteny. What was once an evolutionary advantage before human interference, axolotl neoteny  allows them to regenerate not only limbs, but their organs and even parts of their brain; an ability that is not possible for most vertebrates. It also makes them rather photogenic and a popular pet.

Axolotl are an important animal in both the wild and in scientist’s laboratories for medical research.  Though they are common in captivity, it is imperative we save wild axolotl from extinction. Listen now to learn more about this fascinating creature. 

In the News:
#WrongAsian If you're going to post a photo of someone, make sure it is the right person. 
And, sadly, there are only approximately 10 vaquita porpoises left in the wild. 

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27 Apr 2022The Great American Interchange: When Two Continents Meet, Weird Things Happen00:53:25

The Great American Interchange, also called Great American Biotic  Interchange (GABI), is the epic geological event that occurred when the South American continent, which had been isolated for 50 million years,  connected with the North American continent. The Great American Interchange is one of the most important events in the history of land mammals in the Americas.

The landmass that is South American used to be home to many unique animals, like Australia is today. However, when the volcanic Isthmus of Panama came up from the ocean floor resulting in the formation of a connected Americas, animals could now migrate back and forth. This immigration of animals should have been uniform, but (spoiler alert) North American animals ultimately won out over their South American counterparts. Scientists are still trying to figure out why, though fossil evidence has shed light on the event. 

So check our newest episode where we dive into the animals of South America before the interchange and why these native animals were at a disadvantage when the continents connected.

In the Good the Bad the News

Litter of red wolf pups born for the first time in four years, which is good news for this critically endangered animal.

Also, Pokemon Go might help young people with depression. 

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04 May 2022Red Pandas: The One, True Panda and a Plant-Eating Carnivore01:02:35

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is a cat-sized mammal native to the Himalayas and China. Despite being protected in all countries it has ranges in, the red pandas’ populations continue to decline. Red pandas are the original pandas; they were 'discovered' by Europeans first and their discovery gave rise to the name panda, and giant pandas were later named after them. However, we now know that red pandas and giant pandas are not related. So which species is the "true" panda? Depends on who you ask. But, since the word Panda actually means bamboo eater, are they not both true pandas? 

There are two subspecies of Red Pandas: the Chinese red panda and the Himalayan red panda.  There are fewer than 10,000 Red Pandas left in the wild, and with its populations scattered in small pockets it could easily be wiped out. 

Red pandas are mostly-vegetarian carnivores, which seems counterintuitive. However, the carnivore classification doesn't necessarily coincide with an animal's dietary preference. So while a majority of their red panda diet is bamboo, which they luckily digest slightly better than the Giant Panda, they are still classified as carnivores because of their evolutionary history.  

The red panda diet isn't the only trait they share with giant pandas. Both animals also independently evolved a pseudo-thumb, which they both use to help them eat bamboo. Red Pandas evolved these false thumbs before they started eating bamboo, though, and this false thumb might be why Red Pandas started eating bamboo in the first place. 

Listen now to find out more about the red panda and why it was once described as 'the most beautiful animal.' 

In The Good The Bad The News

Pixar’s newest movie 'Turning Red' is considered a controversial movie by some, all for stupid reason. Yes, there was 13 year old girl cringe, but that’s not what the controversy is about. 

Cat One-eyed Joe (Dexter) has returned home after a 5 year journey that included a luxury stay at a prison and being spoiled on an oil rig. 

Also, dog breed has little effect on dog behavior. 



11 May 2022Narwhals: The Non-Mythical Unicorn of the Arctic Oceans00:58:47

Humanity might be the worst thing in the known universe, so why not take a break from that and learn about the non-mythical Unicorn of the Ocean, aka Narwhals. The first thing that comes up when you Google search Narwhals is “Do Narwhals still exist?” proving Amber isn’t the only one that thought they were a made up animal, and that there is a lot of confusion when it comes to this whale.

Narwhals are not technically endangered. However, narwhals are especially threatened by climate change. Like most arctic predators they need sea ice to survive, and as we all know, sea ice is quickly disappearing. Narwhals do not survive in captivity, and any attempt to introduce them into aquariums has ended disastrously.

Narwhals’ are best known for their tusks, which are actually an elongated tooth. Humans used to trade these teeth as magical unicorn horns, which was believed to neutralize poison. (For more info on this, listen to our Unicorn episode). Why do male narwhals and a few female narwhals grow these tusks?  That’s still up for debate. 

Not a lot is known about Narwhal behavior, because they’re surprisingly good at staying hidden and the location they live in is dark most of the year, cold, and covered in ice.

Listen now to learn about the only Unicorn that will probably ever exist on this planet.

In the News
Pod of beluga whales adopts a lone narwhal male, and scientists are interested to see if a Narluga (beluga-narwhal hybrid) will be born within this pod. This something we’ve never seen in the wild, but we know can happen.

Husband sues CA hospital for their culture of racism, which lead to the death of his wife during labor. Black women are 5 times more likely to die from pregnancy-related cardiomyopathy, blood pressure disorders than white women.

Flying space jellyfish seen over Georgia skies, which actually turns out to be physics and perfect timing. If you were lucky you might have seen this exhaust leaving the Falcon 9's rocket engine nozzle creating an amazing pattern in the sky. 



18 May 2022Caffeine: How Coffee and Tea Changed the World00:59:10

Caffeine is the most consumed stimulant on the planet. In fact, 90% of humans consume caffeine on a daily basis. Most people do not even think about this tiny molecule as they drink their morning coffee, or sip on their afternoon tea, or as their children chug soda at a birthday party. We’ve gone so far as to claim that it’s the sugar affecting the children, not the psychoactive drug they just consumed. And, humans aren’t the only animal addicted to caffeine. Bees prefer nectar with caffeine over nectar without to a detriment to their own health.

So how did we get to the point where most humans need caffeine to make it through their day? Well, the history of caffeine cannot be told without the history of Coffee and Tea, and this is because until 1819, we had not isolated the molecule known as 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine. 

Tea was discovered before coffee, and shaped nations through its trade. The British East India Company is an example of this, and for Americans, the Boston Tea Party. 

Coffee probably influenced the West first, though, and helped the world switch from beer and wine as the staple drink to coffee. Remember water wasn’t very safe in the past, so beer and wine were often consumed instead of water. When we switched to coffee/tea, we started drinking something that wakes you up instead of slowing you down, which increased human production, both physically and mentally. 

Was the spread of Coffee and Tea, hence caffeine, a good thing for humanity? Well, like all things, it is complicated. What we do know is that caffeine is a drug that you can become addicted to and that does affect your behavior. This molecule changed the known world as humans spread it across the globe. 

Listen now to learn about how caffeine shaped the past, and affects your present.

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24 May 2022Villisca Axe Murder House Recorded Live On Location, Rerun00:55:21

This episode on the Villisca Axe Murder House, was recorded live inside the Villisca House, back in September of 2021. And guess what? Host Amber knew nothing about the history of the Villisca house before we started recording. 

Listen as Jennifer tells Amber the history of the house, from inside the house's living room. 

And, not only did Amber and Jennifer record an episode in the house, we spent the night there, recording the next morning and documented if anything occurred during the night. 

The Villisca axe murders occurred between June 9, 1912, and June 10, 1912, in the town of Villisca, Iowa. All six members of the Moore family and the two Stillinger sisters were found murdered in the house. All eight victims, (including six children), were bludgeoned with an axe. The reason for the murders and the murder(s) were never found.

We start the episode discussing if visiting places where people were murdered is in bad taste. You can make an argument for both sides.

Tune in as we discuss suspects in this unsolved case, if the house itself is haunted, and if so, who is haunting the house.

Want to learn about the Villisca house and our creepy night? Listen now!

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31 May 2022Algae Without it You'd Be Dead00:59:06

Algae. It's one of the greatest things on the planet and it's responsible for all life on Earth, including your life. But how much do you really know about this incredible species? Is it a plant? Why is it green? Can you eat it? Can we make it into fuel? What's up with algae blooms? 

Learn more in our newest episode where we talk about the benefits of algae and how it is better than human. 

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08 Jun 2022Rats: Intelligent, Clean, Social, and Resourceful00:51:42

This week's episode is a re-run that is all about rats, the long-tailed rodents that tend to be looked down upon within our society. Rats, however, are intelligent, clean, social, and resourceful animals that can survive almost anywhere.

Listen as we delve into the history of rats. What makes a rat, a rat? How are rats used in scientific research? (Spoiler alert, rats are used for a lot of research that impacts your daily life without you probably even realizing it.) How are rats perceived in culture? Listen to our latest episode to find out more.


Note: The movie Jennifer referenced is Sinister 2. The website of the zodiac origin that Amber mentioned can be found at the following link:
https://depts.washington.edu/triolive/quest/2007/TTQ07030/mythology.html


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16 Jun 2022Rats: Studies Prove Rats Have More Empathy Than Humans01:01:47

The Chinese zodiac stated that rats are creative, intelligent, honest, ambitious and generous hundreds of years before scientific studies proved all of these traits to actually be true. Except for, perhaps, honesty. 

Rats are among the most used research subjects and were the third animal, after humans and mice, to have their entire genome sequenced. Their genome proved that rats have accelerated evolutionary adaptation, meaning they evolve faster than most mammals.  The fact that two brown rats can produce 15,000 rats in only 1 year provides plenty of opportunities for rapid evolution.

Past research has also proven that rats are intelligent and quick learners, but recent studies have also show that rats empathize with other rats suggest that morality and empathy were hardwired into animal brains long before humans evolved. Rats also laugh and dream and can form bonds with humans.  These are just a few reasons why rats are better than human. 

Listen now to learn more about this tiny mammal that has conquered the world.

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24 Jun 2022Peregrine Falcon: Evolution At Its Finest00:57:23

Peregrine Falcons are the clear winner to the question what is the fastest animal on the planet. Their top speed is double that of the world's fastest land animal, the cheetah. Peregrine falcons, also called duck hawks, are one of the most common falcons and birds of prey on this planet. They can be found on almost every continent, and they’ll happily live in a city or the countryside. You can thank them for helping keep the pigeon population in check in many cities. 

“Peregrine” means “Wanderer” in Latin and peregrine falcons have been used in falconry for thousands of years. Peregrine falcons have evolved to be speed machines. They have specialized eyes that provide them excellent vision that is 8x better than a human’s vision. They also have specialized bones and muscles that allow them to fly faster than any other animal.

They almost went extinct after WWII due to stupid humans, but removing certain pesticides and targeted breeding has allowed them to rebound and they’re currently doing better than ever. 

Listen now to learn about how peregrine falcons showcase evolution at its finest.

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01 Jul 2022Mosquitoes: Man's Greatest Nemesis00:55:41

It has been estimated that over humanities history more than 50 billion people have been killed by mosquitoes. That is approximately half of all humans that have lived on this tiny blue dot killed by mosquitoes. For this reason, mosquitoes have been called man’s greatest nemesis.

Mosquitoes are so dangerous to humans that some scientists have proposed eradicating them from this planet. Is that a good idea? Well, that’s up for debate. But what we do know is when we control the mosquito population less people are killed by their bites. 

What is a mosquito? Mosquitoes are a common, flying insect that lives in most parts of the world, except Iceland for reasons no one knows. Over 3,500 types of mosquitoes can be found worldwide. Mosquitoes have been vectors of a lot of nasty viruses, such as malaria and yellow fever, for thousands of years. But up to a little over a hundred years ago, we didn’t even know that mosquitoes caused these diseases. 

So, are mosquitos better than human? For this tiny animal, the answer is no, they are not better than human.  Well, maybe they are ...

Listen now to learn how this wee bug has changed the course of humankind. 

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20 Jul 2022Coral Reefs Are Going Extinct, and Humans are to Blame00:57:57

Regardless of what people may think or believe, the coral reefs are going extinct, and humans are to blame. Why should you care, besides the fact that coral reefs are living animals that deserve their chance to thrive? 

Because coral reefs are among the most diverse, complex and densely populated ecosystems and are often thought of as the rainforest of the ocean. Though they only take up 1% of the oceans, at least 25% of all ocean wildlife rely on the reefs at some point in their lives. Coral reefs provide food or income that approximately one billion people rely on Damage to the reefs causes us trillions of dollars in damages. 

So what can be done to save the coral reefs? The simplest solution is fighting global climate change. (Doesn’t matter if you believe in global climate change or not, your failure to listen or understand science will not stop it from occurring). Besides that obvious solution, scientists have come up with some unique ways to try and save this important ecosystem, like reef insurance or artificial cooling systems. 

Listen now to learn about the coral reefs, some of the most unique ecosystems on the planet. 

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27 Jul 2022Penguins: The Flightless Birds of the Southern Hemisphere00:50:22

Penguins are flightless aquatic birds that are almost exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere. Penguins are evolved to catch fast-swimming prey and to live in cold temperatures. Their bodies have densely packed feathers, heavy muscles and huge fat supplies. Because of these adaptations penguins have lost their ability to fly, and while they might not look graceful on land, they are incredibly agile in the water. 

There was a penguin-like bird living in the Northern Hemisphere, the Great Auk, which went extinct due to human activities in the 1850s. 

Penguins for the most part breed in large colonies, but it’s not all happy feet. Penguin chicks often form crèche (groups of chicks), to protect themselves from predators and unrelated adult penguins. These crèche also provide warmth and provide a nursery for the babies. 

Penguins are often studied by scientists, and the Adelie penguins managed to disturb scientists so much so that a research paper on them was denied publishing in the early 1900’s. 

Listen now to learn about this flightless bird, the cute but sometimes terrifying penguin. 

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03 Aug 2022Goblin Shark: Living Fossils to Haunt Your Nightmares00:46:04

Goblin Sharks are a species of rare sharks found in the deepest oceans throughout the world. The goblin shark gets its name from its terrifying unhinged mouth that is full of razor sharp teeth. These sharks use a stealth attack to float through the ocean until close enough to swallow their prey. (Its low-density and large liver make it buoyant, allowing it to drift towards its prey with minimal motions to avoid detection). Which mean, what the goblin shark wants to eat, will not see it coming. 

The goblin shark has a distinctively long and flat snout and in the original drawing of the species, its mouth maximally extended, which inspired the name “goblin.” Goblin sharks are most likely preyed upon by blue sharks. These blue sharks also inhabit the deep waters in the world's temperate and tropical oceans. 

Little is known about goblin shark reproduction because we’ve never seen a pregnant female in the wild. The same is true for Goblin Sharks’ close relative the Frilled Shark which is a long, eel-like shark known as one of the most primitive fishes in the ocean. The Frilled Shark has a truly torment inducing mouth that we’d never like to see again. 

Humans sucks, so join us as we talk Goblin Sharks, living fossils to haunt your nightmares.

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17 Aug 2022Dragonflies and the Science Behind Their Unique Adaptations00:53:41

Dragonflies are some of the fastest flying insects in the world. With 360-degree vision, they can eat hundreds of insects per day, including those pesky mosquitoes and other biting insects. Their adaptations for flying are unique among insects and so precise that humans can only dream of being able to someday make machines that fly as well as dragonflies.

Dragonflies are similar in structure to an ancient group of insects informally called Griffinflies, which contains some of the largest flying insects to ever live. These dragonfly-like insects had a wing span of 2.5 feet, or 30 inches. That’s bigger than a house cat. How did these bugs get so big, and why are they no longer around? That’s a question we’re still trying to answer. 

Dragonflies have some unique adaptations to ensure they mate with the correct species, including remarkable variations in the male sex organ, and even a secondary sex organ.  Males can be aggressive while mating, which has led to some females living in a totally different habitat than males. In some cases, females mimic males or pretend to be dead to avoid males. 

Listen now as we talk about dragonflies

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31 Aug 2022It's All About that Dopamine Release01:01:44

Most widely known as the 'feel good chemical,' dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the pleasure area of the brain's reward system that plays a role in many important body functions, including movement, memory, and pleasurable reward and motivation. 

But do you really know what Dopamine really is, and what it actually does in your brain? Or how it works in other parts of your body, or even how other life forms use it?

Dopamine is made up of a benzene ring, which is one of the most important chemical structures that carbon based life forms need to exist. Dopamine is one of the oldest neurotransmitters (around 500 million years). Dopamine is found in a wide variety of both plants and animals, and it has a profound effect on the behaviors of all. 

Having the right amount of dopamine is important both for your body and your brain. High or low dopamine levels are associated with diseases including Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome and ADHD. Treating dopamine-related diseases can also cause issues. For example, treatments for Parkinson’s can cause schizophrenia-like symptoms, all because one tiny chemical in your brain is out of balance. 

The way your body makes and uses dopamine can actually be predicted based on your DNA, which makes some of us the losers when it comes to the dopamine gene lottery. However, more research is needed to determine how and why each individual use of dopamine is different.

Listen now to learn everything you’ve ever wanted to know about dopamine, your motivation to do anything. 

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16 Sep 2022The History and Science of the Potato; Boil 'em, Mash 'em, Stick 'em in a Stew01:02:33

In this episode, Jennifer and Amber explore the history of the potatoes. Or as a hobbit would say, "Po-tay-toes! Boil 'em, mash 'em, stick 'em in a stew." However you like them, potatoes have changed the world. Jennifer insists potatoes are not roots or stems, but they’re tubers. Amber insists they are technically a specialized stem called a stolon. These tubers evolved to store food for potato plants when resources were scarce. The Native Americans living in what is now Peru quickly realized this benefit and began cultivating them. In the Western World, Potatoes were slow to catch on, due to the myth that they cause leprosy or that they were poisonous, and because they were thought of as “poor people” food. However, regardless of its rather interesting history, the potato has become the third most important food crop in the world.

The potato had a large effect on society; it yielded about three times the calories per acre of grain while also being  nutritious enough to almost support all your nutritional needs. It also grows in a wider variety of soils and climates, making it easy to grow almost anywhere.
Historically, potatoes were cheaper than bread, just as nutritious, and did not require a gristmill for grinding (which was important if money was tight). Because of this, potatoes sustained workers through the industrial revolution, and are still sustaining us in modern times. 

Potatoes have gotten a bad rap recently, but they are simple, nutritious, and taste good with a bit of butter. Listen now to learn about potato, the tuber native to the Americas. 

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14 Oct 2022Monarch Butterfly: The Science Behind the Wandering Milkweed Common Tiger of the Americas00:51:57

The monarch is a common butterfly, found in the Americas that is considered a poster species of pollinating insects. The monarch butterfly is easily recognizable because of its bright black, orange, and white patterns. Monarch butterflies are a parasite to their caterpillars’ only food source, milkweed. This plant itself is toxic to thwart insects from consuming its plant body, this includes an attempt to be toxic to monarchs. This has resulted in an evolutionary arms race between the two species. 

You’ve probably released monarch butterflies at some point in your life, if you’re from the Americas, but what do you really know about this flagship species? 

How does this tiny insect migrate such great distances, something normally only seen in larger animals like birds? How did monarchs evolve to eat a toxic plant, and why do they still exclusively eat it? What, if any, are the benefits of releasing captive raised Monarchs into the wild? What needs to be done to ensure the survival of this species?

You probably think you know all about this common butterfly, but do you really? Listen now to learn about the most recognizable and well studied butterflies on the planet.

01 Jan 2020Episode One: The Mighty Opossum00:49:42

Welcome to Better than Human the Podcast. In our show, sisters Amber and Jennifer humorously breakdown all the stupid, senseless, or downright silly things humans do and prove, once and for all, humans are not the epitome of the evolutionary chain. In our premiere episode, we'll be talking about North America's cutest, and only, marsupial, the opossum. Join us as we comically and informatively attempt to prove that these normally disregarded animals that many consider to be vermin are actually better than most humans. 

08 Jan 2020Episode Two: Dragons00:51:32

The myth of the dragon exists across every continent and every culture dating all the way back to some of the very first civilizations of Mesopotamia. Dragons may or may not exist, but if they do, dragons breath fire and yet still cause considerably less damage to the environment than humans. Here's how they're better than humans. 

15 Jan 2020Episode 3: Gender is a Social Construct01:03:15

Yes, there are more than two genders. Those who argue otherwise are probably white, middle-aged, conservative males. Gender is nothing more than arbitrary roles decided by society. However, not everyone fits these molds, and not everyone should have to. We can all be better than human by letting everyone be who they want to be. 

Edit: When I said Tattoo Nightmares, I meant Ink Master! Apologies for any confusion. 

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22 Jan 2020Episode 4: How Emus Won the War and Other Emu-tastic Adventures01:10:30

The Emu, they're the worlds second largest bird. Emus are a cultural icon of the land down under, and are central to Australian mythology. These giant birds can't fly but they can run faster then you, probably can swim faster than you, and are most likely taller than you. Humans once fought a war with emus, which turned out to be a foolish endeavor, because the emus won. Humanity outsmarted ... by a bird, however glorious it may be. 

Join Jennifer and Amber this week on their Emu-tastic Adventures.
 
Note: At around 00:37:45, the island Jennifer is talking about is Crete which is Greece's largest island, and she was referring to dwarf hippos which have been unearthed in the Mediterranean, including Sicily and Crete.

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29 Jan 2020Episode 5: Human Stupidity: How Fools Foiled Dr. Semmelweis From Saving Lives and the US Government Nearly Obliterated North Carolina01:00:40

Do you know what Operation Chrome Dome is? Do you know that it nearly caused North Carolina to be obliterated off the map? Bet you didn't learn about that in your history class. Did you also know that in 1847, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis (the first doctor to say, "Hey, maybe we should wash our hands before treating patients") died in an insane asylum because nobody, including famous doctor Rudolf Virchow, believed him? Learn more in the newest episode of Better Than Human where Jennifer and Amber, the sassy sisters, dig in to some of the stupidest things humans have ever done. 

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05 Feb 2020Episode 6: Algae. Without It, You'd Be Dead00:58:14

Algae. It's one of the greatest things on the planet and it's responsible for all life on Earth, including your life. But how much do you really know about this incredible species? Is it a plant? Why is it green? Can you eat it? Can we make it into fuel? What's up with algae blooms? Learn more in our newest episode where we talk about the benefits of algae and how it is better than human. 

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12 Feb 2020The Evolution of Meteorites01:04:53

Meteorites, who cares? They're just rocks, right? Actually, these shooting stars from space tell us so much about the universe, and rocky bodies around us. Listen as we talk about if all life on Earth started with a meteorite, or if a meteorite from Mars proved there is life outside of our planet, or if you can survive being hit by one. Learn what happens when a meteorite hits our planet. Find out what to do if you find one, note, it's not sell it on the internet. 

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23 Feb 2020The Backends of Wombats and Current Event Nonsense01:11:53

Ever thought of crushing the heads of your enemy with your butt? Probably not. You know who has? That's right, wombats. That's not the only thing cool about one of Australia's iconic animals. 

Join our cult as sisters Jennifer and Amber add a new segment to their podcast where we discuss stupid, ignorant, or just plain silly current events. This week we talk about some of the myths surrounding immigrants in the US and how bleach is NOT a medicine (who knew people thought it actually was) before we dig into the strange and interesting facts of wombats. With lots of nerdy pop culture references and humor along the way, you're sure to enjoy this riveting new episode. 

Footnote: Dogs’ are not carnivores, they are omnivores, regardless of what Jennifer says.

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10 Mar 2020New Mexico Whiptails aka Lesbian Lizards00:51:03

Put on your weird hat, everybody, for this week's episode on the little-known New Mexico Whiptail. Also known scientifically as the Aspidoscelis neomexicanus, the New Mexico Whiptail is a species of lizard that despite consisting of ONLY FEMALES, still like to get down and dirty with one another. 

We start the episode with our newest segment called “Kind Of Current Events" where we discuss a scientific article that states 10,000 steps a day is pointless and whether or not China purposefully bioengineered the Coronavirus and intentionally released it on their own population. Spoiler alert: both statements are crap. 

Next, learn why New Mexico Whiptails are called Lesbian Lizards and how this species maintains its population without males. Meanwhile, Jennifer and Amber, loudly debate (we TOTALLY weren't arguing and/or yelling at each other) hybridization and chromosomes in this riveting and entertaining, drama-filled episode of Better Than Human ... the podcast. 


Note: At one point Jennifer said, not a little over, but meant a little under 2000 years ago…

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16 Mar 2020World's Dumbest Weapons: Literal Bat Bombs and the Davy Crockett, aka a Nuclear Launcher00:57:12

Have you ever seen a movie trailer, or an item for sale on tv, or just pass by something in the store, and thought to yourself, "Wow, someone along the line during creation of this thing really should have said no to the idea and put a stop to it?" I know I have!  (The movie "Monster Trucks, am I right?) The same applies to weapons. You won't believe the kind of weapons that have actually been made by humans. This week, we discuss just two of them, bat bombs and the Davy Crockett, in this first part of an intermittent series of dumb decisions by humans. If you've ever played Fallout and have heard of the nuka-nuka, then you may or may not know it's a digital recreation of the Davy Crockett. Great for video games, not so much for real world application. 

But first, we discuss current-ish events. Did China accidentally release the Covid-19 virus?Conspiracists certainly seem to think so, but there's no solid evidence. Then Jennifer rants about the Battle of the Alamo, and was Davy Crockett there? Neither of us remember. Do you? 

So, put on your weird hats, join our cult of weirdness, and listen to another riveting episode. You're probably in quarantine or some sort of isolation anyways (like us), so you might as well give us a listen!

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Also, Jennifer's a creep, but it's okay.

25 Mar 2020Covid-19 Update: Why You Should and Shouldn't Be Worried00:43:40

We wanted to do an update on the Covid-19 pandemic, because when we first did an episode about the virus about a month ago, I don't think anyone could have predicted the huge impact it would have on all our lives.  We'll update you on new myths around the virus, why you should self quarantine, and how we know China did not make the virus.

Don't be a Karen, and be nice to people working right now.

We want everyone to Be Safe, but Don't Panic. And remember, Keep Calm and Carry a Towel.

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Here is the link to the LiveScience article Jennifer talked about https://www.livescience.com/coronavirus-not-human-made-in-lab.html

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P.S: Wash your hands. 

01 Apr 2020Episode Thirteen The Superstition Around The Number 1301:03:59

The number thirteen is the natural number following twelve and preceding fourteen (in case you didn't know ;p) and is just a number like any other number, so why do we consider the number thirteen unlucky? Where did the myth surrounding Friday the 13th come from?

Did the slaughter of the Knights Templars on Friday, 13 October 1307 start the myth of Friday the 13th?

Did a Loki myth make 13 an unlucky number?

Did women's uterus cause the 13 to be cursed?

Is thirteen actually a lucky number?

Is it some sinister superstition, or is it because some men in history had tiny, fragile egos? Find out in this week's episode of Better Than Human.

In current events this week we talk about how bad Americans are at geography, and Trump is bad at his job.

This is the podcast Jennifer was talking about -- History of the Crusades by Sharyn Eastaugh https://historyofthecrusades.podomatic.com/ 

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05 Apr 2020Episode 14: Lord Howe Island Stick Bug: The Not-So-Extinct Tree Lobster00:50:32

On this week's episode of Better Than Human, Jennifer and Amber are probably even MORE amusing when they're PMSing and arguing with each other over an Invader Zim lunchbox. During our current-ish news section, we discuss how Tucker Carlson and Fox News think being 'woke' is a bad thing. The opposite would be asleep, I guess? Because going through life 'asleep' sounds awesome! (#sarcasm) And are Civil War Monuments participation trophies? Sorry racists (not sorry), yes they are.  

This week's topic is Dryococelus australis, known more familiarly as the Lord Howe Island Stick Bug. The large insect, topping out at over 8 inches in average length, lived solely on Lord Howe Island (hence the name) and were thought to have gone extinct in 1920 when rats black invaded their ecosystem via a ship run aground. Listen to the amazing story of how dedicated scientists, David Pridell and Nicholas Carlile, rediscovered a population of just 24 Lord Howe Island Stick Bugs living under one single bush on a nearby islet almost 80 years after they were thought to have gone extinct. 

For reference, the article Jennifer and Amber reference in the episode is called: "Six-Legged Giant Finds Secret Hideaway, Hides For 80 Years by Robert Krulwich," which can be read at NPR by following the link below:

https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2012/02/24/147367644/six-legged-giant-finds-secret-hideaway-hides-for-80-years 

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15 Apr 2020Year of the Rat-a-tat-tat00:54:36

Hey, weird fam! It is the Year of the Rat, and this week's episode is all about these long-tailed rodents that tend to be looked down upon within our society. Rats, however, are intelligent, clean, social, and resourceful animals that can survive almost anywhere.

During our current-ish news section, we discuss the CDC's new guidelines on masks and how Trump is a big, fat liar (though, what else is new in that regard). 

Then we delve into the history of rats. What makes a rat, a rat? How are rats used in scientific research? (Spoiler alert, rats are used for a lot of research that impacts your daily life without you probably even realizing it.) How are rats perceived in culture? Listen to our latest episode to find out more.


Note: The movie Jennifer referenced is Sinister 2. The website of the zodiac origin that Amber mentioned can be found at the following link:
https://depts.washington.edu/triolive/quest/2007/TTQ07030/mythology.html


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22 Apr 2020Tigers are Awesome, But Not Pets, and Joe Exotic is NOT the King of Tigers00:58:50

In 'current' events, we talk about Americans protesting the quarantine, and turns out, just like you can't fix stupid, you can't quarantine it either. Does America's Individualism, causes us to be selfish jerks?

Amber rants about hunting, and Jennifer agrees that hunting does not make you manly unless you're hunting for food that you need.

Then we're on to Amber's 2nd favorite animal, the magnificent tiger. The tiger (Panthera tigris) which is the largest cat species and is most recognizable for its dark vertical stripes on orange-brown fur. It is an apex predator with 9 subspecies, 6 of which still survive in the wild.

We debate who would win in a fight, a tiger or a lion, in theory of course, they'd never meet in the wild.

Tigers cannot be tamed and they are NOT pets, everyone who has tried to tame them has failed.

Joe Exotic does not care about animals, and he did not run a tiger sanctuary, he ran a puppy mill just with tigers.

So, how can you tell if an animal sanctuary is a legit sanctuary? Hint, if you're allowed to pet the animals, or they're breeding the animals, they're not legit. 

This is the sanctuary that Amber was talking about http://www.noahs-ark.org/, please consider donating to them, or https://bigcatrescue.org/ or https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/tiger if you'd like to help these animals. 

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29 Apr 2020Don't Blame the Horseshoe Bat00:57:38

If a bat eats a different species of bat for dinner, is that considered bat-cannibalism? Amber and Jennifer are divided on the answer in this week's episode on the horeshoe bat, so it's up to you to be to the tie-breaker!

In current events, we call out Mike Pence and Trump for refusing to wear face masks during a global pandemic. Speaking of Covid-19, scientists have traced the origin to ... the horesehoe bat.

However, just because the horeshoe bat is the original host, does NOT mean that bats caused the pandemic. While bats may not be the cause, we can help prevent the transfer of viruses by decreasing our interactions with wild animals. Never touch a wild animal! (Not sure why so many people need to be told that.) If you do, the animal might have to be killed to do a brain biopsy, what Jennifer called a brainopsy... True that, right Amber? Hashtag #ifitdriesitdies

Listen as Jennifer and Amber lay down the facts of these adorable bats who epitomize evolution, at least in terms of navigation and bug hunting. They also explore the use of horsehoe bats in traditional medicine, including rubbing bat feces into one's eyes. Because someone ... thought that was good idea.

The serial pig killer mentioned is Robert Pickton. Want to know why we bring him up, or want to know more about him? Then enjoy this week's episode of Better Than Human.

Additional Link for this week's episode: A million tons of feces and an unbearable stench: life near industrial pig farms https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/20/north-carolina-hog-industry-pig-farms

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06 May 2020Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Tyrant King of all Kings00:51:21

In this week's episode, Amber is super grumpy because Jennifer hired plumbers who left without finishing their job, leaving us without water and plumbing for almost two days. Jennifer is NOT trying to kill Amber. Also, murder hornets are invading North America. 

This has been one Hell of a year.

But I guess we can talk about Tyrannosaurus rex to distract us from life. Since it was first discovered in 1905, Tyrannosaurus Rex has become the most widely known dinosaur. It is the only dinosaur that is commonly known to the general public. Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time, and is believed to have the strongest bite of any land animal that has ever lived.

Put on your weird hat, and get ready for some fun from a very irritated Amber, with lots of swearing. Also, Amber's microphone gave out halfway through the podcast for some unknown and irritating reason. Like, WTF! Calm thoughts, Amber, calm thoughts. 

Correction: Jennifer meant to say a "T. rex tooth embedded in a duckbill dinosaur's bone" not stegosaurus bone.  And Amber meant to say T. rex was around for two million years ... not two. 

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12 May 2020The Sensationalized Murder Hornet Is Not Trying to Murder *You*00:55:46

Welcome back to Better Than Human, the Podcast, this week Amber's weird hat is a full gas mask (think of the Dr. Who "Are You My Mummy" episode), because she is sick.

We talk comics briefly, Amber and Jennifer agree they would both be antiheroes, and we touch on the X-Men's New 'New Warriors' which has a non binary character called Snowflake.

Then onto "Murder Hornets" which are actually called the Asian Giant Hornet or scientifically named, Vespa mandarinia. Still waiting on the Entomological Society of America to decide on a common name, but they're leaning towards Sparrow Hornet. 

Yes, we can all agree that wasps and hornets are assholes, and are not nearly as useful as bees in the collective ecosystem. However, Asian Giant Hornets are not going to murder you and your family, aren't even found in America outside of Washington State, and one could argue that we should totally ignore the media hype around them.

Asian hornet, also known as the yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina) is not the same as this Asian Giant Hornet nor the European Hornet, and this species has not been found in North America.

We don't recommend anything, but don't kill bees, and it could be worse, it could be bullet ants.

Where to report potential sightings of the Asian Giant Hornet in Washington State:
https://www.maps.arcgis.com/apps/GeoForm/index.html?appid=e3720c303c414210967920b07bad13f5

Guardian Article: "The Chinese city living in fear of giant killer hornets"
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/04/killer-hornets-chinese-city-living-in-fear

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19 May 2020Caspian, The Ancient Mother of All Horses00:49:12

Welcome back to Better Than Human, the Podcast. In this week's episodes, Jennifer recalls the harrowing tale of the time she fell off a horse.  Humorous anecdote, or is it related to this week's topic?

Speaking of our topic this week, it's the Caspian horse. Once prized by monarchs of the Persian empire, the Caspian were thought extinct until re-discovered by Louise Firouz in 1965 in Iran. Lost in time for centuries, the Caspian is believed to be the oldest domesticated horse species in the world and could have been lost to us again if not for the dedicated work of Firouz. 

Put on your weird hats, and get ready for another riveting episode. 

Note: Jennifer was 13 years off on the discover of the structure of DNA it was discovered in 1953, but was right that the first genetic tests for horses became available in the 1990s.

Link to the article Amber was talking about :
https://www.deccanherald.com/science-and-environment/coronavirus-even-animals-may-resort-to-physical-distancing-to-prevent-microbes-says-study-836263.html

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27 May 2020Hemp: The Most Useful Plant in all of History00:51:03

Hemp, what is it good for? Apparently, absolutely everything. Except getting high, it cannot get you high, so don't smoke it.

This week, we have a special guest Moxie, from the Your Brain on Facts Podcast. Find her awesome website here: http://yourbrainonfacts.com/

Did you know George Washington grew hemp, and that hemp used to be on the 10 dollar bill? Hemp can be used to make the follow commercial items: paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed. It can also be used for water, soil purification, and weed control. So why has it been illegal so long, in so many places? Simple answer, human greed and stupidity.

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03 Jun 2020End Racism. Stay Angry For Change. And the Immortal Jellyfish And Its Implications for Humans00:50:25

First, a moment of silence for George Floyd and all the other Black lives lost to police brutality, racial injustice, and white supremacy. We need to stay angry, make change, and vote for people who will hold these murderers accountable. It is important that we do not forget.

Better Than Human stands in solidarity with the Black community and the protesters who are challenging systemic racism and inequality. If you are as outraged by racism as we are, but not sure how to help, these are some good places to donate to:
 
ACLU: https://action.aclu.org/give/now
George Floyd Memorial Fund: https://www.gofundme.com/f/georgefloyd
Justice For Breonna Taylor: https://justiceforbreonna.org/
Run With Maud: https://www.runwithmaud.com/
Campaign Zero: https://www.joincampaignzero.org/#vis...
The Bail Project: https://bailproject.org/
Bail Funds For Protesters By City/State: https://www.communityjusticeexchange
#BlackLivesMatter

Then onto Turritopsis dohrnii, the Immortal Jellyfish. Is it really immortal? Depends on your definition of immortal. Jennifer and Amber argue their definitions, and just like the ketchup on eggs argument, cannot agree. Most jellyfish species have a fixed life-span, which varies by species from hours to months. Turritopsis dohrnii is the only jellyfish known to have developed the ability to return to its infant from, and then start it's life over again indefinitely through transdifferentiation.  Listen and learn about this interesting species, and it's implications for science. 

Note: Jellyfish ARE animals (says Jennifer), and the movie talked about near the end of the episode is "In Time."

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10 Jun 2020Glorification of Stupidity Part One: What is Stupid?00:35:13

In this week's episode of Better Than Human, Amber shares some positive experiences of her day, and can't we all use some positivity these days. 

We talk about the Milgram experiments which showed that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by an authority figure, or did it? Does absolute power corrupt? Probably.  Should we let it? No.

That leads to our topic this week, the Glorification of Stupidity. 

Why do praise stupid people? (Think reality TV shows). 

First we have to decide what we mean by stupidity? Is it someone lacking intelligent, or it it someone who refuses to listen to reason and facts? When someone is presented with facts and refuses to believe those facts? And, why do we always underestimate the amount and power of stupidity? Why do we let them bring our culture down?

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17 Jun 2020Glorification of Stupidity Part Two: The Vilification of Knowledge00:50:21

In this week's current events, we talk the landmark Supreme Court case which ruled LGBTQ workers are protected from job discrimination. About time. 

Then we delved right back into our two part series on the Glorification of Stupidity. This week we want to explore how stupidity became so popular in our modern day culture. 

Does it start with Paul the Apostle, a man who never met Jesus, and yet wrote 13 out of 27 books of the New Testament and influenced a lot of the dogma surrounding the early church. . We discuss the evidence of his views on learning, philosophy, and how this has affected the world we live in now. 


Does education lead to less 'stupid' people? We think it does, so why are we constantly de-funding schools? Is it because dumb people are easier to control? Are the people controlling where our tax money goes trying to keep us uneducated?  Maybe, but we don't know. What we do know is we need a change in mentality in our county to value education and logical thinking, and to de-value stupidity.  

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23 Jun 2020Episode 25: Unicorns, The Myths, The Legends00:48:31

It is believed that the first Unicorn image was recorded by the Indus Valley Civilization on the Unicorn Seal found at the archaeological site Mohenjo-daro, but it was the Greeks that popularized the creature. Greeks did not think that Unicorns were myths, they recorded them in their history books. Then they became popular during the middle ages, due to a poor translation of the bible, and from the rediscovery of Greek writings. But how did they go from a symbol of religion in the Middle Ages to our modern pop culture icon? And how did they become so ingrained in our culture? Learn more in this week's episode of Better Than Human. 

Note: Jennifer meant Plato not Aristotle at the beginning of the episode, and Amber was right, it was Robot Chicken. (Amber is always right ;p)

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01 Jul 2020Parrots parroting people?01:00:41

On August 24th, 2019, 23-year-old Elijah McClain was walking home after buying some tea at a local convenience store when he was murdered by Aurora Police. Please sign the Change.org petition for Justice for Elijah McClain, and so that his killers finally face consequences.

https://www.change.org/p/adams-county-district-attorney-justice-for-elijah-mcclain-88600e12-fb72-41e4-9137-030a1dcaf695

After signing the petition, please listen and learn why parrots are better than human in this week's episode. 

Parrots are among the most intelligent birds, and some have the ability to imitate human speech, often to humorous results.  Not only have parrots demonstrated intelligence through scientific testing of their language-using ability, but also some species of parrots, such as the kea, are also highly skilled at using tools and solving puzzles, some have the intelligence levels of 4-year-old human children. Parrots can practice acts of kindness, and use specialized calls to communicate with their friends. How does this make better then human? Listen and learn more.

After listening, if you wish to adopt a kākāpō, you can do so at:
https://www.doc.govt.nz/our-work/kakapo-recovery/get-involved/adopt-a-kakapo/

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08 Jul 2020The Ultimate Mimicker00:44:48

In recent events, we lost a star. Not our star, obviously, but a star. Scientists aren't quite sure exactly what happened to it. Perhaps, the Dalek stole it. In other news, Alabama students hold Covid-19 parties. The hosts of this podcast cannot believe anyone needs to be told how dumb that truly is. 

Then Amber and Jennifer delve into why the Mimic Octopus is better than human. First discovered off the coast of Indonesia in 1998, this relatively small octopus has been observed mimicking numerous different sea animals. Unlike many other mimics in the animal kingdom, the mimic octopus doesn't just change its color. Find out more about what makes this fascinating creature the ultimate mimic and just how intelligent an octopus can be in this week's episode. 

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15 Jul 2020Everything You Eat is a GMO00:56:11

In our new segment, Coffee and Complain, we talk about how Trump wore a mask like a big boy, and then bragged about how pretty he looked. 

Our topic this week are genetically modified organisms, more commonly known as GMOs. 
What is the definition of a GMO? Can you guess what the first genetically plant and animal were? Do you know how long humans have been modifying things in their environment? It's a lot longer than you think. We also talk about the pros and the cons of genetic modification. Spoiler alert, GMOs are not bad for you. 

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22 Jul 2020GMOs Continued: Genetically Modified Humans?00:32:57

In Coffee and Complain, Amber discusses an article about research that found people who refuse to social distance are not as intelligent as those who do. So if you want dump people to social distance then we need to dumb down how we explain the need for masks to them.

Then onto this weeks topic, a continuation of last week's episode on genetically modified organisms. First we talk genetically modified bugs. Should we eradicate mosquitoes from the face of the Earth?  We can make a good argument for GMO mosquitoes, but what about humans? Genetically modifying humans is a huge moral grey area. If we can eliminate genetic disorders from humans before they're born should we, or could this lead to a slippery slope of designer baby?  Who knows, we don't know, but these are important questions we must ask, sooner rather than later.

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29 Jul 2020Lucy in the Sky with Magic (Psilocybin) Mushrooms, From Prehistory into Modern Times.01:01:14

This week in Coffee and Complain, a supernova exploded and threw a small dwarf star, but forget about that! That's science, and the Trump administration said we shouldn't listen science.

And now for something completely different!

Did you know there is a church in Mexico that was built in honor of a fungus? To be more specific, the church built around a very special mushroom, a magic mushroom.  

Magic mushrooms, or more technically Psilocybin, are found all over the world and have a rich history throughout many different cultures. Though it is hard to be certain of their ancient history, magic mushrooms have been used  in many different religious ceremonies, especially for Pagan gods. Though Christianity attempted to squash the ritualistic use of mushrooms, the ceremonies survived and ironically, it was these ceremonies that re-introduced the Western culture to magic mushrooms. 

Listen and learn about Psilocybin mushroom from prehistory into modern times. 

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05 Aug 2020Z. Tholussum (The Beautiful Translucent Snail) and The Creatures of the Lukina Jama Cave00:46:34

In Coffee and Complain, Amber discusses the 'joys' of the American Health Care System, and why we're recording this episode on zoom. Murder hornets are now definitely a thing in the USA. Good times. Good times. Jennifer talks zombie fungus in cicada and why Donald wants to ban TikTok in the US. (Follow Amber on TikTok at https://www.tiktok.com/@l_a_mander)

Then onto this weeks topic, Zospeum tholussum a cute, translucent snail that was recently discovered. They are a cave-dwelling species of air-breathing land snails found only in the Lukina Jama Cave, which is located in the Velebit caves systems of Croatia. The "Lukina jama" cave is the 14th deepest cave in the world and the deepest cave in southeast Europe. We also discuss the other new species discovered in the cave systems.

Note: Jennifer meant Emma Stone NOT Emma Watson and Amber was talking about the Netflix show Maniac.

For more information on the speleologists, go to their website: https://speleologija.eu/velebita/indexen.html

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13 Aug 2020I Want A Hippo ... Wait, Never Mind, Hippopotamus Are Terrifyingly Deadly00:58:44

In Coffee and complain: Was Beirut Explosion Caused By a Missile? Did The Simpsons predicted the Beirut explosion? The answer is clearly no.

Our topic this week is the delightful, magnificent, and terrifyingly deadly Hippopotamus, which would NOT make a good Christmas gift. Despite their adorable deadliness, Hippos were almost brought to America for meat via the Hippo Bill. It's probably for the best that Hippopotamus never made into the US as Hippos are very aggressive and unpredictable creatures, with long sharp teeth. They are one of the worlds most dangerous animals, though that doesn't save them from being poached.

Though their territory once ranged across Europe, Asia, and Africa, the species currently only resides in Africa. Well, except the cocaine hippos... But we'll tell you more about that in this week's episode on the very adorable, but very deadly, Hippo.

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https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/hippo-haven-107453678/

20 Aug 2020Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, The Largest Butterfly (Not Bird) in the World00:54:57

On coffee and complain, we talk Trump lacking basic human emotions, and how his attempt to destroy the Post Office could lead to an unstable government. 

Then onto this week’s topic, the big ass butterfly called Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, which is the largest butterfly in the World and is definitely not a bird.

The interesting discovery of this Butterfly involved an English naturalist, a 2nd Baron, and was named after royalty. 

The Queen Alexandra's birdwing is an endangered animal which is restricted to approximately 40 square miles of coastal rainforest in Papua New Guinea.

Jennifer manages to talk about platypus twice this episode, and Amber gets real dark towards the end. 

Don’t murder butterflies, they pollinate plants, they’re pretty and we like them. And enjoy this episode on this astounding Insecta.

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Also, Jennifer said placenta, but she meant umbilical cord, around 28:00 into the episode.  

26 Aug 2020Intelligent Design? I Don't Think So. Just ask Marine Mammals, the Spotted Hyenas, and Pandas.00:54:30

In this week's Coffee and Complain, we talk YouTube’s political ads, which you can’t turn off and are forced to watch, and are equivalent to watching fiction. The Golden State Killer was sentenced, thank you Michelle McNamara. An no one is surprised that all those racist people who donated to have a wall built got their money stolen.

Despite what many think, evolution is not the survival of the fittest, but the survival of the just good enough. So sometimes evolution creates adaptations that decrease an organisms ability to survive but persists in the organism's population, like wisdom teeth. It’s called maladaptation, and is a trait that has become more harmful then helpful. Jennifer and Amber delve into some of the worst maladaptations in today's Earth, such as the female spotted hyenas giant genitalia. And is sleep a maladaptation or does Amber just think it's a waste of time? Or both.

Listen to learn more.

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02 Sep 2020The 'Rediscovery' of the Somali Elephant Shrew00:46:30

In Coffee and Complain: Amber is back in Ohio and heard about snakes slithering down unsuspecting human throats on the way down. We talk about how kink shaming is lame, and sometimes your parent's friends are ... not that bright.  Also, white privilege DOES exist, even if you don't think so.

You've heard of elephants, and you might have heard of a shrew, but you probably have not heard of the Elephant Shrew (actually called Sengis). It is the size of a rat, but actually closer related to an elephant than a rodent. Scientists recently rediscovered this species after is was lost to Western society for over 50 years. However, if you ask the locals in the region of Africa in which these creatures are found, they knew all about them and where to find. So where they really lost?

Sengis have large brains, and are one of few species beside humans to have menstrual cycles. Periods are lame, period. Learn more about these not-actually-a-shrew Elephant Shrews on the latest episode of Better Than Human. 

And Amber, BATS ARE MAMMALS.

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09 Sep 2020The African Black-Footed Cat, the Worlds Most Endearing and Ferocious Hunter00:47:23

In Water and Whine (we didn’t have coffee this week), Amber has perfect boobs. Isn’t she lucky? Disney canceled Christmas, because of Covid. The trump boat parade was sad, and like the rest of the Republican party, pathetic. The rich people’s boats caused the smaller boats to sink. And isn't that just the perfect metaphor for USA?

Last week, Amber and Jennifer talked about a small cute mammal from Africa, this week we’re doing an adorable predator that hunts them, the Black-Footed Cat (Felis nigripes),  also called the small-spotted cat, the smallest wild cat in Africa, and locally called Sebala cat, Bont-kat, or Afrikaans, which mean anthill tiger. Despite the Black-Footed Cat’s name, only the soles of its feet are actually black. This cat may be tiny, but they are vicious and the most successful solitary hunter in the world. 

Listen as Amber and Jennifer entertaining talk about one of the worlds most endearing, and ferocious, hunter. 

Stay tuned to the very end where we talk about our upcoming Halloween episodes, and Amber and Jennifer have a heated discussion about Zombies. More to come in the following weeks?  

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16 Sep 2020Heroes of the Animal Kingdom: Dogs, Giant Tortoises, Pigeons, and More00:50:02

As a disclaimer, Better Than Humans does not condone animals sacrificing their lives for humans. We love animals. This whole podcast is about how animals are better than human. But this week we wanted to highlight and celebrate some heroic deeds by heroic animals that saved humans or their own species from extinction. 

Listen as Jennifer and Amber tell the amazing tales of animal heroes from of Trackr, a German shepherd dog who sniffed out survivors after 9/11, and the amazing messenger pigeon who saved two hundred soldiers during WWI to tales of beavers saving a young boy in Canada, a part wolfdog who saved his human pact from drowning, and Diego the Tortoise who helped save his species one female Tortoise at a time.

Then lastly we learn what a Sheep, Rooster, and a Duck have in common. 

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23 Sep 2020The Ultimate (And Cutest) Survivor: The Water Bear, Moss Piglet, Tardigrade00:55:05

In Coffee and Complain, we actually don’t complain this week, instead we talk Halloween and October, the best holiday and month, respectively, of the year. Do you believe in ghosts? Find out if Jennifer and Amber do. 

This week’s topic is the world’s ultimate survivor, Tardigrades, also called water bears or moss piglets (isn’t moss piglet the cutest name ever). Tardigrades are a phylum of over 1,000 water-dwelling, micro-animals that have been found everywhere on Earth, including Antarctica and the deepest parts of the world’s oceans. They can survive extreme heat and cold, extreme pressure or lack of pressure (think outer space), almost complete dehydration, and radiation levels that would kill most animals. Tardigrades have survived all of Earth’s five mass extinctions. Each time they survived an extinction, the Tardigrades have become stronger and more likely to survive another mass extinction, and will definitely outlast humanity. So put on your headphone, or not, and learn about the Moss Piglets that almost never die from anything other than age.

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30 Sep 2020The Ancient Horseshoe Crab and Its Importance to Fighting Covid-1900:49:03

This week's topic is the Horseshoe Crab, which is one animal we wouldn't describe as cute, but they sure are a winner when it comes to evolution.

But first for Coffee and Complain, Amber gives a PSA on why we shouldn’t make-up shame, and Jennifer’s PSA is to not drink poop. (Actually, it's don’t inhale tap water, because you could get a brain eating amoeba).  

Did you know that Horseshoe Crabs aren’t actually crabs, they’re more like water bugs, and that they evolved 450 million years ago?  Horseshoe Crabs have way more eyes then we have, almost to a creepy level, but everything has a reason... right? And wow, do they lay a ton of eggs, but only in their own special, particular sand. Meaning, it is almost impossible to breed them in captivity.  

Horseshoe Crabs are also going to play an important role in the Covid Vaccine process. How is this blue-blooded arthropod going to help save us? The same way they have been helping us make vaccines and injectable drugs and medical devices for the last 50 years. Listen now, to learn why you probably owe your life to a horseshoe crab.

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07 Oct 2020Halloween Part 1: Zombies in Nature Are Scarier Than Those in Film and Television01:03:56

It’s the first week of October, so put on your weird hat and get ready for Better Than Human’s first Halloween themed episode on Zombies, in pop culture and in nature. (Yes, there are zombies in nature, according to Jennifer). 

First for Coffee and Complain: Designers, please make women’s clothing with pockets. 

And now for the main attraction: Zombies. The ideology of zombies were introduced to Western Culture from Haitian folklore, where the dead can be controlled by a malicious voodoo practitioner. Since then, Zombies have evolved drastically in pop culture, starting with the 1932 movie White Zombie, where a zombie was just a person under mind control, to Zombieland, where they are fast-moving, reanimated corpses. 

But what actually is a zombie? And could they actually exist in our world? 

Amber puts an argument forward that zombies do not and cannot exist in humans. Jennifer presents all the evidence from nature to prove that humans could exist in humans. (And trust us, zombies is nature are more terrifying than zombies in film.) Which sister do YOU think won the argument?  

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14 Oct 2020Halloween Part 2: Inaccuracies of Ghost Hunting and Can Quantum Mechanics Prove Ghosts Exist01:09:54

Did you know that almost half of Americans believe in Ghosts? Are you one of those believers? Are you on the fence? Or do you need some scientific evidence to show that ghosts do, in fact, exist? 

First off, in coffee and complain, Amber proves she's been weird since childhood and Jennifer proves American idioms are strange. Then let us all agree that Wolverine Watchmen is a stupid name, and that the terrorists who plotted to kidnap Governor Whitmer were dangerous, but thankfully also idiots. 

On to this week’s topic: Ghosts. What is a ghost? Are they a Swedish rock band or the spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living? Note this episode is on the latter. The belief in ghosts is widespread, dating back to animism or ancestor worship in pre-literate cultures. However, Jennifer says there is no scientific evidence as of yet to prove that they exist. 

How is that so, you might ask, with all the ghost hunters out there? Well, we go over what mistakes amateur ghost hunters usually make. Amateur ghost hunters may be entertaining, but rarely do they take a scientific approach. 

Amber then attempts to prove that ghosts may exist using quantum mechanics. (Like a more logical version of how Endgame used quantum mechanics to time travel).  Does Amber prove ghosts exist in the space-time continuum? Listen to this episode to find out. 

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20 Oct 2020Bonus Halloween Part 2: The Amityville House and the Famous Tantallon Castle Photograph00:32:41

Time for a bonus episode, weird fam! Since Amber talked so much about Quantum Mechanics in last week's episode, Jennifer and Amber recorded a bonus episode on famous hauntings and/or famous ghost photos. We promise, no more Quantum Mechanics or theories drudged up from the depths of Amber's weird brain. Only true stories that prove (or if you are Jennifer, don't prove) that ghosts exists, including the tale Amityville and the famous Tantallon Castle ghost photograph. 

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21 Oct 2020Halloween Part 3: The Origins of Vampires and How Modern Media Changed the Folklore01:00:52

In this week's episode of Better Than Human, Jennifer and Amber discuss the origins of vampires. In modern pop culture, vampires are generally pale, suave, sophisticated beings that feast on the blood of their victims in the dead of night. However, up until the 1800s, vampires were a far cry from how we see them today. Though they were not called vampires in ancient cultures, almost every European and Asian culture has their own vampiric folklore. Listen as Jennifer and Amber discuss the differences and learn how the modern interpretation evolved from these folklores. 

Also listen as the sisters give a PSA on safe, consensual sex, because education and the media do not emphasis safe sex enough. You always have the right to say no. 


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28 Oct 2020Halloween Part 4: Wendigos of Algonquin Folklore00:56:15

In this week's episode of Better Than Human, Amber and Jennifer dive right into our topic of the terrifying , blood-curdling Wendigo. The wendigo is a mythological creature born from the folklore of the First Nations Algonquin tribes located in the Great Lakes Region of Canada and Wisconsin. It is a monstrous malicious spirit that can possess a human being and turned them into a flesh-eating monster. Gaunt to the point of emaciation, with desiccated skin pulled tightly over its bones, skin colored ash-gray, and sunken coal like eyes, a wendigo invokes murder, insatiable greed, and uncontrolled hunger for human flesh. 

The belief in Wendigos and Europeans confusing First Nations folklore, lead to Wendigo psychosis, a hotly debated medical diagnosis. Listen as we cover the most famous documented causes of this psychosis and more. 

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04 Nov 2020Hooded Seals and Their Super Macho, Inflatable Bladder Septum00:50:50

How is everyone doing today? Amber assumes she'll spend all day crying, and if you're a decent American, you'll know why. Why not  learn about the Hooded Seal as a distraction from this political nightmare? The hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) is a large true seal found only in the central and western North Atlantic. It is known for its uniquely elastic nasal cavity located at the top of its head, also known as a nose hood. 

But first we talk elections and Amber gives a PSA: Better Than Human believes and supports women, and any victim of sexual assault.  As a society, we need to believe and listen to victims. 

Does anyone really know why male Hooded Seals evolved two inflatable balloons on their faces? How does that even happen? And no, we really aren’t sure how it evolved or why. Like we've said before, evolution doesn't always make sense. Maybe it's because they’re so giant, and fighting for mates require too much energy? Perhaps.  Listen to learn more about this interesting animal. 

11 Nov 2020A Phew Skunk Facts and Why You Shouldn't Consider Skunks Pests00:59:29

What’s most exciting about this 2020 American Election is that we, Americans, elected someone who believes in science. Sad, but true. There are going to be actual scientist in charge of the EPA and CDC. There are going to be actual professionals in different cabinet positions instead of people looking out only for their own interests. Hey, we might even decide to start taking global climate change seriously. 

The immediate future is even more unpredictable than usual, but what we do know is that Better Than Human is here with a phew skunk facts, and to tell you that you shouldn't judge skunks based on their smell.  Skunks are actually adorable, even if they have  scent glands that allow them to spray noxious chemicals with a high degree of accuracy, as far as 10 feet. 

Skunks are omnivorous that can easily adapt to human environments, which is why you might find them hanging out in your backyard. But why are Skunk’s better than human? Listen now to find out. 

18 Nov 2020Hellbender: The Sentinel Snot Otter, the largest salamanders of North America00:48:02

This week’s topic, Hellbenders Salamanders. Also called snot otter, lasagna lizard, devil dog, mud-devil, Allegheny alligator, and mud dog, Hellbenders are the largest salamanders of North America.

But, first we talk about the stupidest things humans do, like laundry, and somehow the topic turns to cults, especially one of the most famous, called People Temple led by Jim Jones. 

The origin of the name "hellbender" is unclear, and probably derived from colonists who did not think these salamanders are as cute as Jennifer thinks they are. Despite misconceptions, Hellbenders are not poisonous; they just produce a lot of slime to protect themselves. Considered a "habitat specialist," Hellbenders have adapted to fill a specific niche within a very specific environment, and their presence shows a healthy ecosystem. So, yes, the males may like to cannibalize eggs, but that isn’t want is causing them to be endangered. That is, of course, is humans fault and the stupid Trump administration. Why should we save this interesting animal? Listen now to find out. 

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25 Nov 2020Aye-Aye, The Little-Known (Not Evil) Lemur of Madagascar00:53:03

This week on Better Than Human, Jennifer and Amber explore the little-known lemur of Madagascar known as the Aye-Aye. 

But first, the co-hosts bitch about something all women are probably familiar with, and what most women probably find incredibly irritating: mansplaining. Women, you know what we’re talking about. Men, listen and learn. We also ask if growing your own cells in a petri dish, and then eating said cells, is cannibalism, or is it vegetarian?  

Back in the day, before Google (anyone else remember those days?), Amber did a project on Aye-Ayes, and recently was reminded of them from a Top Ten Ugliest Animals list. Are they one of the worlds ‘ugliest’ animals? Jennifer and Amber don’t think so, but will agree that they might have the weirdest looking hands of any animal. 

The aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a long-fingered lemur in the primate family, with rodent-like teeth that continuously grow and fingers specialized for very-specific tasks related to eating.

Sadly, aye-ayes are commonly thought to be bad omens by some of the Malagasy people. The aye-aye is often viewed as a harbinger of evil and killed on sight. Others believe that if one points its narrowest finger at someone, they are marked for death. 

The aye-aye was thought to be extinct in 1933, but was rediscovered in 1957. Recent research shows the aye-aye is more widespread than was previously thought, but its conservation status was changed to Endangered in 2014.

Listen to learn more about why we should save this remarkable species, as well as all the other Madagascar Lemurs.  Do you like aye-ayes? I can't hear you! Aye-aye, Lemur!

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02 Dec 2020Let It Snow: Pseudomonas Syringae, The Bacteria that Helps You Build a Snowman00:47:50

Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen that can infect a wide range of plants, which you probably don’t find interesting, but the fact that they may control the weather might peak your interest. Think walking in a winter wonderland.

First though, Cat's won our Twitter poll,  (Dogs vs. Cat's coming soon), but as Amber points out, Dog people might be more likely to go outdoors and less like to be shut-ins like Jennifer, which makes Cat people more likely to be on Twitter voting in our poll.  Also, prunes are plums, one of us didn’t realize this. And anyone else remember the Goosebump episode about prunes? One of us did not.

American Society for Microbiology published an article that peaked Jennifer's interest on this week's topic. The article was called "The Discovery of Pseudomonas syringae in the Air" (see the link posted below). David Sands, a plant pathology professor at Montana State University, discovered P. syringae in the air by getting in a plane, flying said plane above some croplands, opening the window, and holding a petri dish outside the plane. Why was he interested in bacteria in the sky?  Find out why in this week's episode of Better Than Human. 

https://asm.org/Articles/2019/January/Snow-Is-Coming-Whats-That-Have-to-Do-with-Microbe 

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09 Dec 2020It's the Most Horrible Time of the Year Says the Grinch00:54:55

The Grinch is a fictional character created by Dr. Seuss. He is best known as the main character of the children's book How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957). Hairy, pear-shaped, and snub-nosed, the Grinch has spent the past 53 years living in seclusion on a cliff, overlooking the town of Whoville. 

The Grinch is mean-tempered, with the consensus among the Whos being that he was born with a heart "two sizes too small". He especially hates the Christmas season. While we can all agree with the Grinch's anti-consumerism message, are there other reasons to dislike the holiday season? Listen as Amber, on of Better Than Human's two stellar hosts, lists all the reasons why the holidays maybe aren't the most wonderful time of the year. 

Is Amber the definition of a Grinch? Is she a wet blanket on the Christmas joy of others? Or is she right? 

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16 Dec 2020The Most Epic Cats vs Dogs Debate: Part One00:48:05

In Better Than Human’s special 50th episode, throughout time it has been debated, with no clear winner, if cats are better than dogs. Who will win this epic debate of Cats vs Dogs?

It's Amber vs Jennifer, sister vs sister, the battle that was always meant to be. Listen as the sisters use facts and evidence to prove, once and for all, which are better. Will it be cats, or will dogs reign supreme?

Whose side are you on Team Amber in camp dog, or Team Jennifer in camp cat?

Listen as we debate the world's most important question of all time. 

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23 Dec 2020The Most Epic Cats vs Dogs Debate Ever: Part Two00:54:04

In Part 2 of Better Than Human’s special 50th episode, who will win this epic debate of Cats vs Dogs? Will it be cats, or will dogs reign supreme? 

Dogs are great at sniffing things out, and are very useful at helping humans find things. Cats have far fewer scent receptors than dogs, however, cats may be better at discerning different smells, so should we try training them to sniff things out for us? Or more importantly could we train a cat?

Cats are more independent and less needy than dogs, is that a point for cats or a point for dogs?

Does your preference and personality decide which pet you’ll like more? Do you want an independent animal friend, or one that needs more attention?

Have you decided whose team you’re on: Team Amber in camp dog, or Team Jennifer in camp cat? 

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06 Jan 2021Potoo? What's a Potoo, Precious?00:42:05

Welcome back, everyone, to Better Than Human the Podcast Season 2!

This week’s topic is the strange looking Potoo birds. These nocturnal insectivores’ spend their days perched on tree stumps, camouflaged like a stump. What’s noticeable about them, if you’re lucky enough to observe this mysterious bird, is their strange appearance. And trust us, Potoos are very strange, indeed.

First we start with what Jennifer and Amber shouldn’t have to tell people: don’t believe everything you see or hear. Think about it first. Does it make sense? Is it logical? Maybe do a quick Google search.  Use your brain cells to know if your looking at a lie.

Potoos, part of the Nyctibiidae family, are a group of Caprimulgiformes birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths (also an odd-looking animals). There are seven species of Potoos and they’re all native to tropical Central and South America. People have been known to call Potoos “poor-me-ones”, because of their bizarre calls. When you hear it, you’ll know what we’re talking about. Listen now to learn about this little known gem of an animal. 

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13 Jan 2021Radiodonta: The Largest and Earliest Known Predator of the Cambrian Era00:47:02

Radiodonta is an order of stem-group arthropods, which included the earliest known predators. Radiodonta were successful worldwide during the Cambrian period, and are ancient relatives to spiders, insects, and crustaceans. (Though, no living relatives exist). 

First, however, let's talk about what happened last Wednesday. Turns out Trump’s rioters were mostly sad men still living with their mothers, and Trump was upset that they were ‘low-class’.  A lot of the rioters believed in “QAnon”, and if you say what they believe in out loud, you’ll realize how stupid this conspiracy theory actually is. 

But, good news everyone, Trump is banned from Twitter! That means one less crazy person ranting on Twitter. 

Before you start to learn about Radiodonta, Google them. They are some weird Pokémon-looking animals. Their name, Radiodonta, comes from the radial arrangement of tooth plates (oral cone) surrounding the mouth, so they are literally named after their mouths. Radiodonta have an interesting history of discovery, and it wasn’t until recently that they were recognized as their own group. They also have some weird frontal appendages that makes each species unique. 

Radiodonta were recently in the news due to new research that suggests they were likely to have had excellent vision that was way more advance then scientists originally thought possible at the time. 

Listen now to learn more about this fascinating group of ancient creatures. 

(this is the paper about their cool eyes https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/49/eabc6721)

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20 Jan 2021Stupid Human Behaviors and The Science on Why We Do Them01:01:43

As humans we all do stupid things, like worship celebrities, troll people we don't know, waste money buying expensive organic food, or following the most recent internet trend. But the question is WHY do we do stupid things?  

What makes us want to know everything our favorite movie star is doing? Or obsessively follow our favorite musician online? We do not know these people; they are not our friends. They don’t even know we exist. So, what does science say on why we worship them?

On the flip side of that, what makes an Internet Troll? We all know to not read the comments, but what makes someone make it their job to hate on someone. (We’re talking taking hours out of their day to put one person down). Is it for attention, or do they just get joy from upsetting others? One thing we do know is that Trolls are sad, pathetic losers. 

Why do we waste our money buying organic food with no proof that is actually better for us or the environment, or when there isn't even a standard definition of what organic food is?

Why do humans follow the most recent trend, like planking or the cinnamon challenge? What is the allure in following the crowd?

Listen now to learn some of the science behind the reasons why we do stupid things. 

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27 Jan 2021What Does the Island Fox Say?00:44:54

Put on your weird hat and get ready to learn about the Island Fox; the smallest fox in the world that played an important role in the spiritual lives of native Channel Islanders.

The island fox (Urocyon littoralis) is native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California and, as a result of insular dwarfism, are the smallest species of foxes. There are six subspecies of Island Foxes, each unique to the island it lives on. Island foxes are generally docile, show little fear of humans, and are easily tamed. 

From humans nearly wiping out bald eagles to introducing invasive species and diseases to the islands,  island foxes nearly went extinct on all six islands in the 1990s. However,  conservation efforts have been successful and populations have rebounded. Considering Island Foxes are a keystone species, it is important we protect this adorable species. 

Listen now to learn how through dedicated conservation, we managed to save the Island Foxes. 

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02 Feb 2021The Mysteries of the Elusive Beaked Whale00:50:34

Beaked Whales are an elusive species that we know very little about. In fact, they are so mysterious that scientists might have just discovered a new species of Beak Whales in 2019.

First, let's talk about how humans are the worst. SNL said it best with their cold open starring Kate Mckinnon seeing if anything still 'works' in America. Long story short, America is broken, we can’t have nice thing anymore, and maybe vote instead of committing treason. 

Beaked whales are cetaceans that are are largely unknown marine mammal. This is due to their deep-sea habitats, small populations, and general shyness. Beaked whales are moderate in size, especially when compared to Blue Whales, and are most known for their deep-sea diving. They regularly dive deeper than 500 m (1,600 ft) and use echolocation to search for food. They have been recorded diving 2992 m (9816 ft) in depth, a record for mammals. The deepest humans have ever dived is 332 m (1082 feet).  Due to their elusively behavior, we're not even sure how many different species there are out there and there is still much to be discovered about this glorious species.

Listen to learn more about this mysterious mammal that is important for not only marine ecosystems, but for the climate of the entire planet. 

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09 Feb 2021The Tiniest Turtle In Town: The Bog Turtle of North America00:44:17

The bog turtle is a critically endangered species of semiaquatic turtle, and it is the smallest turtle of North America. The species is endemic to isolated areas in the eastern United States.

But first, Amber didn't think a bog turtle was an animal because she didn't understand the definition of what an animal is.  So again, Jennifer must explain that animals are all living organisms with nervous systems. Chemists, am I right?

For todays episode, we’re channeling TMNT.  Amber is Raphael and Jennifer is Michelangelo, so let's cowabunga. The Bog Turtle is similar in appearance to the painted or spotted turtles, however its closest living relative is the wood turtle. Bog turtles live in colonies that often consist of fewer than 20 individuals, and their habitat must be wetlands that consist of both wet and dry regions. Since these types of areas are hard to find in the US these days, Bog Turtles are limited to a small number or areas leading to their critically endangered status. 

Bog Turtles are protected under the United States Federal Endangered Species Act, but the rebounding of bog turtle colonies depends entirely on private intervention.  Conservationists are often hindered by poachers, who can destroy a whole colony by taking just one mature female. (Poachers are fucking assholes, and we hate them). So, don’t fucking buy a Bog Turtle, and if you see someone poaching, report them. 

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16 Feb 2021Glass Frogs: Why You Can See Their Insides on the Outside00:47:06

Glass Frogs are lime green amphibians with see-through skin.  Not kidding, you can literally see their internal organs, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, without cutting them open. 

But why have glass frogs evolved to have see through skin? It wasn't a form of known form of camouflage, and at first, did not seem to offer any advantages. However, recent research may have discovered the reason why these frogs have evolved to have such a unique feature. New research may also suggest that glass frogs might actually make good parents, too. 

Listen now to learn about this fascinating family of frogs. 

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24 Feb 2021Pangolin: The Most Trafficked Animal in the World00:51:19

Pangolins, sometimes called scaly anteaters, (though they’re not closely related to anteaters), are the only mammals with their own body armor. There is a good chance you’ve never heard of this animal even though it is, sadly, the most trafficked animal in the world.

First, Jennifer and Amber talk about cloning endangered animals. Is it a good idea? Cloning can be used to introduce new genes into a population, which is great, but will it lead to lax conservation or the introduction of animals that went extinct years ago, like the woolly mammoth?

This week’s topic, pangolins, comes from the Malay word pengguling, meaning "one who rolls up", because they literally roll up into a heavily armored ball when threatened. Their armor is so strong they’ve been known to survive being hit by cars.

Pangolins are threatened by poaching (for their meat and scales), which are used in Chinese traditional medicine, and because of heavy deforestation of their natural habitats. As of January 2020, all eight species of pangolin have a conservation status listed as threatened, and some critically endangered. 

New research has shown that maybe we got COVID-19 from pangolins, who got it from something that got it from bats. But if that is the case, (which we don’t know for sure), it would still be human’s fault for trafficking these adorable Pokémon like creatures. 

Listen now to learn about pangolins and why they’re Better Than Human

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03 Mar 2021Sundews: The Carnivorous Plant You Should Not Trust00:47:22

Sundews (Drosera) are a family of carnivorous plants of which Charles Darwin once said, “I care more about (Drosera) than the origin of all the species in the world." Amber does not think we should trust this small plant for good reason. Drosera lures in its prey using a sweet sticky substance to capture and digest insects, and though just a plant, their movements are precise and deadly.

Sundews have been known to live up to 50 years and grow on all continents except Antarctica. Sundews generally grow in moist habitats with acidic soils and high sunlight levels. Many species grow in association with peat moss, which absorbs most of the nutrients in the soil.

Listen now to learn more about this fascinating plate that Darwin loved and that would eat you if it could only grow large enough. 

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07 Mar 2021Leafy Seadragons: Looks like Seaweed, But Named After Mythical Dragons00:46:49

This week Amber and Jennifer travel to Southern Australia to learn about the Leafy Seadragon (Phycodurus eques), also known as Glauert's seadragon or just Leafies. We didn’t literally travel there, you know cause there’s a pandemic going on, and Australia is really far away from us…  The Leafy Seadragon is a  marine fish much like the more well known Seahorse, and it derives it’s name from the mythical dragon.  

First, Potato head is a potato, and a plastic potato does not need to have a gender. So people, stop freaking out. Also, cancel culture has been used by both conservatives and liberals, so stop pretending that only one side is doing it.

The leafy seadragon has appendages that give it the appearance of seaweed, providing the creature with the perfect camouflage. When swimming or just floating through the ocean, they appearing to move through the water like a piece of floating seaweed. Leafy seadragons are bad swimmers and need their camouflage to avoid predation. Like seahorses, the male leafy seadragon cares for the eggs. Leafy seadragons have lots of threats, both natural and man-made, and will not reproduce in captivity. 

Listen now to learn why Leafy Seadragons are better than human, and why they need to be conserved and protected. 

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14 Mar 2021The Most Likely Extinct Ivory-Billed Woodpecker: The Bigfoot of the Birding World00:46:46

The ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) is a most likely extinct woodpecker native to the forests of the Southeastern United States and Cuba. We say most likely because sporadic reports of sightings of the ivory-billed woodpecker have continued into the 21st century. Some call this bird the Holy Grail of all bird. Why? Probably because finding either nowadays is a myth. 

First some good news, Happy Belated International Women’s day! Jennifer and Amber tell everyone their favorite female scientist. Hint: Amber’s went into space and Jennifer’s got no credit for helping for discovering the meaning of life. 

Habitat destruction and hunting have ravaged populations of the ivory-billed woodpecker so that the species is listed as critically endangered by some groups, and as "definitely or probably extinct" by others. The last universally accepted sighting of an American ivory-billed woodpecker occurred in Louisiana in 1944, and the last universally accepted sighting of a Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker occurred in 1987. 

No attempts to study the ivory-billed woodpecker were done until the population had been severely reduced by deforestation and hunting. Humans probably could have saved this species in the 1930s, but the Singer Sewing Company and Chicago Mill and Lumber Company  destroyed its last known habitats in America.

Listen now to learn about the bird that humans could have saved if we weren’t the worst. 

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22 Mar 2021The World's Most Venomous Creatures are Still Better Than Human00:59:50

Venom is a toxic (sometimes deadly) substance produced by some animals, and this week Amber and Jen parley on some of the world’s most venomous creatures. Now, if you look at the stats, venomous creatures kill less humans a year than non-venomous creatures, but who wants to learn about a mosquito when you can learn about an animal with enough venom to kill 100 grown men? 

To start Anti-vaxxers (anti-vaccine people) must be some of the dumbest people on the planet. Their failure to use basic logic is akin to punching yourself in the face and then wondering why your face hurts. Jen and Amber can’t even, so let’s talk about venomous creatures! 

Amber starts the episode with the Black Mamba, a not-actually-black snake, that have heads’ the shape of coffins, because if you’re bitten by one, you’re likely to end up in a coffin.

Jennifer discusses the Inland Taipan, the venom of which is by far the most toxic of any snake 

Both sisters talk Box Jellyfish. Amber talks Irukandji jellyfish, a tiny, but deadly, jellyfish. Jen talks the Sea Wasp, a jellyfish with tentacles up to 3 m (10 ft) long covered in darts with extremely powerful venom. The ocean is terrifying. 

Then keeping with the Australia theme, we do the Sydney funnel-web spider, whose poison can kill you, and guess what, they like to bite over and over. Sometime, they even hide in your shoes!

Listen know to learn about some of the world’s most venomous creatures. 

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28 Mar 2021Goose is Geese, so why is Moose not Meese?00:52:57

This week’s episode is all about the Moose. But why is the plural not Meese?  Really, someone, please explain it to us. The moose (what we call it in North America) or elk (what they call it everywhere else) are the largest member of the deer family, and a bull’s antlers can be up to seven feet long. 

But first: 

Better Than Human stands with the Asian Community, condemning any violence against Asians and Asian Americans. Racism and bigotry have no place in this world. #StopAsianHate

Then guess who’s sadly back in town? It’s Murder Hornets…. Yes, they never went away, but it’s spring, the Queens waking up, getting ready to leave the mother hive and start their own nest and we must stop their spread in North America. If you live on the west coast and see one, please report it at https://agr.wa.gov/hornets

Moose are cold-adapted mammals with thickened skin, and heat-retaining coats. Moose can be found mostly in Canada, the Northern States in the US, and Russia. Since the 1990s, moose populations have been declining in much of temperate North America, but they remain stable in Arctic and subarctic regions, this is most likely due to the results of climate change. Moose are generally slow and mild tempered, but can become aggressive, and move quickly if angered or startled. Like any wild animal, just leave them be. 

Listen now to learn about the Moose, not Meese, the giant mammals of Northern World. 

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01 Apr 2021April Fool's Switcheroo: Staying Awake by Planthropology00:35:16

Happy April Fools Everyone!

Staying Awake by Planthropology 

Subscribe, rate, and review Planthropology on your favorite podcast app. It really helps the show keep growing and reaching more people! Also, check out Planthropology website and various social media pages, all listed below. As an added bonus, if you review Planthropology on Apple Podcasts or Podchaser and send me a screenshot of it, I'll send you an awesome "Plant People are Cool" sticker!

07 Apr 2021Flying Squirrels: It Doesn't Fly, It Glides ...00:51:03

Regardless of their name, Flying Squirrels cannot fly. If they could, they would probably be called bats. If you listened to our last episode, the theme of the last two weeks might be obvious. Think old school cartoons involving Moose and Squirrel. 

First we've got some advice and how to be a better human. Number one, don’t liter. There is nothing worse then watching the snow melt in Spring to reveal all the trash people have thrown out their car windows. Number two, don't drink alkaline water. “Real” water or alkaline water is a useless fad. Even if it could change the pH of your body, you really don't want it to. 

Flying squirrels are a group of 50 species in the family Sciuridae. Flying squirrels can be larger than a house cat, or smaller than a brown rat. Only two species are native to North America, the northern flying squirrels and southern flying squirrels, both of which are small. If you travel to Japan, you’ll find the Japanese giant flying squirrel, which is one of the largest, and the Japanese dwarf flying squirrel, which is one of the smallest. 

Fly squirrels can’t fly like birds or bats but are able to glide from one tree to another.  They’re similar to squirrels, but cooler. Flying squirrels steer and control their glide path with their limbs and tail. They are very adapt at “flying” aka gliding, but are actually clumsy when moving on their feet.  

Listen now to learn how Flying Squirrels are better than human. 

14 Apr 2021Scaly-Foot Snail, AKA Sea Pangolin, AKA Iron Snail!00:43:33

Scaly-foot gastropods are also known as scaly-foot snails, sea pangolins, and Iron Snails! Or if you want to be scientific, Chrysomallon squamiferum is a species of deep-sea hydrothermal-vent snails. These vent-endemic gastropods were discovered in Apr 2001 and only live in deep  water (over a mile deep) by hydrothermal vents in three tiny locations in the Indian Ocean.

But first, some life advice. Don’t tell women to smile. We don’t like it, and it does not make us feel better. Actually, just stop telling people in general what to do. Nobody likes it. 

Scaly-foot snails have an unique shell with the outer layer consisting of iron sulfides. Its “foot” is also unusual because it is armored at the sides with iron-mineralized sclerites. They are the only known animal that incorporates iron into their skeleton. Why do they have iron in their skeletons? We’re not sure, but it probably has something to do with the bacteria that live inside, and on, it and provide all its nutrients. 

Interesting, right? Listen now to learn more. 

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18 Apr 2021Meerkats: The Cutest, but Most Murderous, Species on the Planet00:53:08

This week we talk about Meerkats, which Amber picked. Why? Because she read an article about how Meerkats may be the most murderous mammal towards their own species known to science. Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) is a small mongoose found in southern Africa, that will straight up go to war with each other. But regardless of the headlines, Better Than Human still thinks humans are more murderous.

Good news everyone! Amber isn’t having Satan’s baby or an Alien baby. (But is that really good news?) Also, don’t shame periods. 

Meerkats live in packs, with dominant 'breeders' producing most of the offspring, and the subordinate helpers caring for the pups. This division of labor, however, is not as uncompromising like you’d see in ants or bees. The meerkats have an interesting social structure, forming packs with up to 30 individuals. Members do different jobs, including keeping a lookout for predators. They really should be keeping a lookout on themselves cause about one in five meerkats are killed by members of their own species. 

Listen now to learn more about the homicidal meerkats. 

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25 Apr 2021Honeybee or Honey Bee? What's the Difference?01:02:42

This week’s topic is the Honeybee, or if you want to be fancy, “Honey Bee”. Honeybees have been domesticated by humans to help crop pollination and for yummy honey. Everyone knows about the Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera), and most people probably know of Eastern Honey Bee (Apis cerana), but did you know there are at least six other species of Honeybees and around 20,000 species of bees on this planet?

First, Happy Belated Earth Day! If you’re interested in donating or volunteering here are some of the sisters' favorite charities.

350.org which is dedicated to combating climate change by reducing the atmosphere's carbon dioxide concentration to the safe level of 350 parts per million. (We currently sit at 400 parts per million.)

4ocean.com Every purchase helps fund our global ocean cleanup operation and supports a growing movement to end the world’s reliance on single-use plastic.

www.ucsusa.org  Union of Concerned Scientists is a non-profit science advocacy organization dedicated to the lofty goal of making the planet a healthier and safer world.

Honeybees live in eusocial colonies, which you've probably heard about in biology class, but were just never told the scientific name for it.  Eusocial is a fancy way to say there's a strict caste system of the Queen, female workers bees, and of course the mostly useless male drones, and everyone sticks to their duties. But did you know that female worker bees have different jobs throughout their lives? Or that a few selfish worker bees can cause anarchy within a colony? Or that a Queen can mate up to 60 times? 

You’ve also probably heard that the bee population is declining, but do you know why? And, if the honey bee population collapsed, would the human population also collapse? 

Listen now to learn about the fascinating Honeybee 

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05 May 2021Pterosaur: It's a Bird? It's a Dinosaur? It's Neither!00:53:27

Pterosaurs, literally meaning “wing lizard," were flying reptiles that went extinct with the dinosaurs and were basically the birds of their time. Well, if birds could get up to the weight of a polar bear, have the wingspan of a small airplane, and the neck the size of a giraffe. Doesn't sound terrifying at all, right, Amber? Pterosaurs were the first flying animals with vertebrates and filled every niche birds currently fill. Including creatures similar to the wide mouth potoos, the wandering albatrosses, or even the carcass loving condor. 

The first fossils of Pterosaurs were discovered in the late 1700’s and confused their finders into thinking they could have only used their unusual limbs for paddling in the water. Later scientist thought they might have flippers. Some thought they might be marsupials (think flying Opossum), and others thought they were cold-blooded reptiles that had to jump from high places to fly. When we did realize that they flew, we could not figure out how. In fact, we still do not know how they flew, but we know that they could. 

Listen now to learn all about Pterosaurs, the flying cousins of dinosaurs, aka the Birds of Mesozoic.

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11 May 2021Peccaries: The Pig That's Not a Pig From the South00:52:33

Peccary, also known as Javelina, are pig-like creatures that are not actually pigs. Peccaries are found throughout Central and South America and in the southwestern area of North America. The collared peccary is well-adapted to live around humans, and could be considered the raccoons of Arizona. Like raccoons or any wild animal, they should not be fed by humans, and though generally harmless, can attack when threatened. So make sure that you, and your pets, leave them alone. 

Peccaries are ecosystem engineers and keystone species, meaning the loss of peccaries will have significant ramifications for ecosystems.  Peccaries are important because they disperse seeds, control tree growth, and create important watering holes. Unlike when humans engineer their ecosystems, peccary engineers are necessary for the ecosystem to thrive. 

Listen now to learn about Peccaries, the pig-like omnivores of the Americas. 

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19 May 2021Cicadas: Year of Brood X, The Magicicada Of North America00:54:08

The cicadas are true insects, with over 3,000 species around the world. However, many species remain undescribed. Cicadas are found on all continents, except Antarctica, but are probably best known in North America because of the millions that emerge simultaneously from the ground every 13 or 17 years. 

This year, Brood X is surfacing after 17 years underground. Of the millions of cicadas that make it to the surface and manage to not get eaten, the cicadas will mate, lay eggs, and die, all in two short months.

Why do these eight species, Magicicada or periodical cicadas, live 99.5 percent of their lives underground, only to exit en masse to the surface? How do they know to emerge at the 13th or 17th year? We know they don’t have calendars, and we’re pretty sure they don’t have a number system to count the years. 

Listen now to learn more about Cicadas, a bug that can literally be so loud it can cause permeate hearing damage in humans. 

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26 May 2021The Spectacled Bear, Not Speckled, And Its Spectacular Ancestors00:46:00

The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear, is the only surviving species of bear native to South America AND the only surviving short-faced bear. One of its closest relatives is the extinct Giant Short-Faced Bears (which if still alive would be terrifyingly enormous). 

Spectacled bears are seriously threatened by habitat loss with as few as 2,500 mature individuals remaining. Spectacled Bears are omnivores who avoid humans, and prefer to hang out in trees. They get the name spectacled from the distinctive colored markings on their face and chest that are unique to each bear.

Did you know that Paddington Bear is a Spectacled Bear? Or that Stephen Fry did a documentary on a Spectacled Bear? Or have you hear of the Spectacled Bear named Miss Houdini at the San Diego Zoo?

Listen now to learn about the Spectacled Bear, which everyone probably thought was called the speckled bear or something similar, but should actually be called the spectacular bear. 

Spectacled Bear Conservation Society https://sbc-peru.org/ Buy a Felti and Protect Spectacled Bear Habitat!

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