Explore every episode of Adapt or Die! The Evolutionary Biology of Pop Culture
Dive into the complete episode list for Adapt or Die! The Evolutionary Biology of Pop Culture. Each episode is cataloged with detailed descriptions, making it easy to find and explore specific topics. Keep track of all episodes from your favorite podcast and never miss a moment of insightful content.
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1–15 of 15
Pub. Date
Title
Duration
31 Jul 2024
Adapt or Die! - The Trailer
00:01:19
Darwin did not expect to have "his" theory applied to pixelated creatures...this is payback for taking the limelight over Wallace. On Adapt or Die, Austin (a PhD candidate in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) explores topics in popular culture that can be dissected with evolutionary theories and ideas. We will ask questions like "Does Pokémon evolution work like actual evolution?" or "How would evolution inform what lives and what dies after nuclear fallout". Combining peer-reviewed science, humour, and a smidge of speculation we will adapt our understanding of pop culture together.
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Follow Austin on Twitter and Instagram for queer things, science things, pop culture things, and the intersection of all of the above!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
13 Aug 2024
1. The Eye of the Tauros: The Survival of the Fittest
00:37:52
Episode Description: Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the Fighting type. Our evolutionary connection to the fighting type is the survival of the fittest. In the Safari Zone, I get into the requirements for Evolution by Natural selection using Paldean Tauros as an example. During the pokémon professors rant I talk about epigenetics and how I could have saved hours shiny chaining as a child. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a new regional form of Mightyena and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Bellen HJ, Tong C, Tsuda H. 100 years of Drosophila research and its impact on vertebrate neuroscience: a history lesson for the future. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Jul;11(7):514-22. doi: 10.1038/nrn2839. PMID: 20383202; PMCID: PMC4022039. 2. Darwin, C. (1859). _On the origin of species: A facsimile of the first edition_. Harvard University Press. 3. Drea C. M., Place N. J., Weldele M. L., Coscia E. M., Licht P. and Glickman S. E. 2002Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male matingProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.2691981–1987 4. Herrel, A., Joly, D., & Danchin, E. (2020). Epigenetics in ecology and evolution. _Functional Ecology_, _34_(2), 381-384. 5. Hungwe, C. (2017). Of crocodiles, Magumaguma, Hyenas, and Malayitsha: Zimbabweans crossing the Limpopo in search of a better life in South Africa. In _TMC2017 Conference Proceedings_ (pp. 363-371). Transnational Press London. 6
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
27 Aug 2024
2. Of Meowth and Men: Artificial Selection
00:40:16
Episode Description: Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the normal type. Our evolutionary connection to the normal type is artificial selection. In the Safari Zone, I get into examples of artificial selection with Zigzagoon and Meowth providing excellent case studies. During the pokémon professors rant I appropriately rant about how Furfrou was a terrible idea to show paegentry and Pidove was robbed. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of Budew with a Tyrogue like evolution chain and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Secord, J. A. (1981). Nature's fancy: Charles Darwin and the breeding of pigeons. _Isis_, _72_(2), 163-186. 2. Shapiro, B. (2017). Pathways to de‐extinction: how close can we get to resurrection of an extinct species?. _Functional Ecology_, _31_(5), 996-1002. 3. Sinding, M. H. S., & Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016). The draft genome of extinct European aurochs and its implications for de-extinction. _Open Quaternary_, _2_, 7-7. 4. Sol, D. (2008). Artificial selection, naturalization, and fitness: Darwin's pigeons revisited. _Biological Journal of the Linnean Society_, _93_(4), 657-665. 5. https://evolution.berkeley.edu/lines-of-evidence/artificial-selection/ 6. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Artificial_Pok%C3%A9mon 7. https://www.reddit.com/r/pokemonconspiracies/comments/axagi7/the_galar_region_is_based_in_norse_and/ 8. https://www.serebii.net/pokedex-sm/052.shtml 9. https://www.serebii.net/pokedex-swsh/meowth/# 10.
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
10 Sep 2024
3. The Last of Us - Paras edition: Coevolution
00:44:12
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the grass type. Our evolutionary connection to the normal type is coevolution.
In the Safari Zone, I get into how symbiotic relationships evolve with a few different grass type case studies. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about how we need more coevolution informed evolution lines. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the croagunk and morelull evolutionary lines and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Alexandersson, R., & Johnson, S. D. (2002). Pollinator–mediated selection on flower–tube length in a hawkmoth–pollinated Gladiolus (Iridaceae). _Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences_, _269_(1491), 631-636 2. Bush, G. L. (1992). Host race formation and sympatric speciation in Rhagoletis fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). _Psyche: A Journal of Entomology_, _99_(4), 335-357. 3. Cartaxana, P., Morelli, L., Cassin, E., Havurinne, V., Cabral, M., & Cruz, S. (2023). Prey species and abundance affect growth and photosynthetic performance of the polyphagous sea slug Elysia crispata. _Royal Society Open Science_, _10_(8), 230810. 4. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/User:PardescanSlowbro/Symbiotic_Relationships 5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/red-queen-hypothesis 6. https://www.serebii.net/pokemon/type/grass/
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
24 Sep 2024
4. A Tale of Two Fishes: Biodiversity
00:45:14
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the water type. Our evolutionary connection to the water type is biodiversity.
In the Safari Zone, I get into what biodiversity is, what a niche is, how niches form biodiversity, how biodiversity is quantified and explain these ideas using the safari zones as well as the shellos, magikarp, and feebas lines. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about how pokémon should not be restricted in movement once the post-game is reached. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the wailmer evolutionary line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Andermann T, Antonelli A, Barrett RL, Silvestro D. Estimating Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Diversity Through Deep Learning. Front Plant Sci. 2022 Apr 19;13:839407. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.839407. PMID: 35519811; PMCID: PMC9062518. 2. Tuomisto, H. (2010). A diversity of beta diversities: straightening up a concept gone awry. Part 1. Defining beta diversity as a function of alpha and gamma diversity. _Ecography_, _33_(1), 2-22. 3. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Great_Marsh 4. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Hoenn_Safari_Zone 5. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Johto_Safari_Zone 6. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Kanto_Safari_Zone 7. https://pokejungle.net/2012/07/31/pokeologyfeebasmilotic/ 8. https://www.serebii.net/pokemon/type/water/
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
08 Oct 2024
5. Pride, Prejudice, Rats, and Cane toads: Competition
00:43:18
**CORRECTION** I mention in the contest spectacular section that shiny zoaroark almost looks as if it would align with trans extremist radical feminists - this was a major mistake/misspeaking of my own. I meant to say Trans EXCLUSIONARY radical feminists of the J.K. Rowling variety. I apologize deeply for anybody who was offended by this mistake.
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the dark type. Our evolutionary connection to the dark type is competition.
In the Safari Zone, I get into how competition is important for how we understand evolution, how sexual dimorphism likely fuels mate competition in the dark type as well as how some regional variants have evolved through the introduction of invasive species outcompeting native species. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about how the dark type should not be confused with evil personalities. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the bidoof evolutionary line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Baldwin, P. H., Schwartz, C. W., & Schwartz, E. R. (1952). Life history and economic status of the mongoose in Hawaii. _Journal of Mammalogy_, _33_(3), 335-356. 2. Callaway, E. Size doesn't always matter for peacocks. _Nature_ (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/news.2011.245 3. Darwin, C. The Origin of The Species by Means of Natural Selection. 1859. 4. Darwin, C. The Descent of Man and Evolution in Relation to Sex. 1871. 5. Han, G., Mall
Follow Adapt or Die! on Instagram for regular updates
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
22 Oct 2024
6. The Marowak in Black : Non-natural selection
00:52:31
Episode Description:
**TRIGGER WARNING - I discuss Residential Schools and how a regional variant may be able to educate on an international level about how Canadian history has its own darkness**
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the ghost type. Our evolutionary connection to the ghost type is non-natural selection.
In the Safari Zone, I get into how natural selection is almost always interfered with, what constrains evolution by natural selection, and how ghost type pokemon show examples of evolution outside of natural selection as case studies. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about how the dark type should not be confused with evil personalities. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the phantump evolutionary line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Futuyma, D. J. (2010). Evolutionary constraint and ecological consequences. _Evolution_, _64_(7), 1865-1884. 2. Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (2020). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. In _Shaping Entrepreneurship Research_ (pp. 204-221). Routledge. 3. https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/cedar/ 4. https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/totem_poles/#:~:text=Totem%20poles%20are%20monuments%20created,be%20visible%20within%20a%20community. 5. https://www.serebii.net/pokedex-dp/ghost.shtml
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
05 Nov 2024
7. Brave Mew World : Nature Vs. Nurture
00:47:41
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the psychic type. Our evolutionary connection to the psychic type is nature Vs. nurture.
In the Safari Zone, I get into how mattpat (Game theorists) relied a bit too heavily on nature/nurture in explaining pokemon evolution in reference to eevee and then get into explaining the evolution of senses in a variety of psychic pokémon. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about the gradual weakening of the psychic typing over time. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the unown evolutionary line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Alhosin, M. (2023). Epigenetics Mechanisms of Honeybees: Secrets of Royal Jelly. _Epigenetics Insights_, _16_, 25168657231213717. 2. Hoover, K. C. (2010). Smell with inspiration: the evolutionary significance of olfaction. _American Journal of Physical Anthropology_, _143_(S51), 63-74. 3. Jones, G., & Teeling, E. C. (2006). The evolution of echolocation in bats. _Trends in Ecology & Evolution_, _21_(3), 149-156. 4. Osório, J., & Rétaux, S. (2008). The lamprey in evolutionary studies. _Development genes and evolution_, _218_, 221-235. 5. Schwab, I. The evolution of eyes: major steps. The Keeler lecture 2017: centenary of Keeler Ltd. _Eye_ **32**, 302–313 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2017.226 7. https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/History_of_the_Pok%C3%A9mon_world 8. ht
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Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
19 Nov 2024
8. Moby Diglett : Biogeography
00:30:09
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the ground type. Our evolutionary connection to the psychic type is biogeography.
In the Safari Zone, I get into why geography impacts our understanding of evolution and how geography impacts the creation of species. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about the separation of rock and ground typing. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the barboach evolutionary line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Mcdowall, R. M. (2004). What biogeography is: a place for process. _Journal of Biogeography_, _31_(3), 345-351. 2. https://www.serebii.net/pokemon/type/ground/
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
03 Dec 2024
9. One Flew Over the Archeops' Nest: Fossils
00:41:33
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the rock type. Our evolutionary connection to the rock type is fossils.
In the Safari Zone, I get into how fossils form, how we know what fossils are associated with what animals, and the basis for all of the fossil pokémon. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about the the lack of mammalian fossil pokémon. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the deerling line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Cerda, I. A., Novas, F. E., Carballido, J. L., & Salgado, L. (2022). Osteohistology of the hyperelongate hemispinous processes of Amargasaurus cazaui (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): Implications for soft tissue reconstruction and functional significance. _Journal of Anatomy_, _240_(6), 1005-1019. 2. Clements, T., Atterby, J., Cleary, T., Dearden, R. P., & Rossi, V. (2022). The perception of palaeontology in commercial off-the-shelf video games and an assessment of their potential as educational tools. _Geoscience Communication_, _5_(3), 289-306. 3. Li, C., Wu, XC., Rieppel, O. _et al._ An ancestral turtle from the Late Triassic of southwestern China. _Nature_ **456**, 497–501 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07533 4. Lopatin, A.V., Sotnikova, M.V., Klimovsky, A.I. _et al._ Mummy of a juvenile sabre-toothed cat _Homotherium latidens_ from the Upper Pleistocene of Siberia. _Sci Rep_ **14**, 28016 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79546-1
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Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
17 Dec 2024
10. A Song of Ice and More Ice: Ice Ages
00:39:50
Episode Description:
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the Ice type. Our evolutionary connection to the ice type is ice ages.
In the Safari Zone, I get into What ice ages are, what a glacier is and how they affected the environments we see today and how some pokémon show the impact of glaciation on evolution. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about the brittleness of ice type pokémon. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the Froakie line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Mark, B. G., & Fernández, A. (2017). The significance of mountain glaciers as sentinels of climate and environmental change. _Geography Compass_, _11_(6), e12318. 2. Marshall, S. J., James, T. S., & Clarke, G. K. (2002). North American ice sheet reconstructions at the Last Glacial Maximum. _Quaternary Science Reviews_, _21_(1-3), 175-192. 3. Raymo, M. E., & Huybers, P. (2008). Unlocking the mysteries of the ice ages. _Nature_, _451_(7176), 284-285. 4. https://www.serebii.net/pokemon/type/ice/
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the fire type. Our evolutionary connection to the ice type is evolutionary developmental biology.
In the Safari Zone, I get into developmental modularity, novelty, and allometry with appropriate fire-type pokémon case-studies. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about pokémon eggs. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of the Torkoal line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Grant, P. R., Abbott, I., Schluter, D., Curry, R. L., & Abbott, L. K. (1985). Variation in the size and shape of Darwin's finches. _Biological Journal of the Linnean Society_, _25_(1), 1-39. 2. Huxley, J. S. (1950). Relative growth and form transformation. _Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B-Biological Sciences_, _137_(889), 465-469. 3. Lewis, E. B. (1978). A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. _Nature_, _276_(5688), 565-570. 4. Müller, G. B. (2007). Evo–devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis. _Nature reviews genetics_, _8_(12), 943-949. 5. Peterson, T., & Müller, G. B. (2013). What is evolutionary novelty? Process versus character based definitions. _Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution_, _320_(6), 345-350. 6. https://thelostlambda.github.io/pokestats/#:~:text=The%20fastest%20Pok%C3%A9mon%20type%20is,type%20was%20the%20Rock%20type. 7. https://www.serebii.net/pokemon/type/fire/
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
14 Jan 2025
12. The Tynamo That Harnessed the Lateral Line: Evolutionary Physiology
00:32:53
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the electric type. Our evolutionary connection to the electric type is evolutionary physiology.
In the Safari Zone, I get into what physiology is, how it evolves, and how some of the systems that we see in real life have been used to generate pokémon lines. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about the need for a dowsing machine / pokeradar on water through electroreception. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of a platypus line and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Garland, T., & Carter, P. A. (1994). Evolutionary physiology. _Annual review of physiology_, _56_(1), 579-621. 2. Greenwood, P. G., & Mariscal, R. N. (1984). The utilization of cnidarian nematocysts by aeolid nudibranchs: nematocyst maintenance and release in Spurilla. _Tissue and Cell_, _16_(5), 719-730. 3. Herring PJ, Munk O. The escal light gland of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (Pisces: Ceratioidei) with observations on luminescence control. _Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom_. 1994;74(4):747-763. doi:10.1017/S0025315400090020 4. Lissmann, H. W. (1958). On the function and evolution of electric organs in fish. _Journal of experimental biology_, _35_(1), 156-191. 5. Noble, D., Jablonka, E., Joyner, M. J., Müller, G. B., & Omholt, S. W. (2014). Evolution evolves: physiology returns to centre stage. The Journal of physiology, 592(Pt 11), 2237. 6. Wägele, M., & Johnsen, G. (2001). Observations on the histology and photosynthetic performance of “solar-powered” opisthobranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) containing symbiotic chloroplasts or zooxanthellae. _Organisms Diversity & Evolution_, _1_(3), 193-210. 7. Wernegreen, J. J. (2012). Endosymbiosis. _Current Biology_, _22_(14), R555-R561. 8. https://www.serebii.net/pokemon/type/electric/
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Have a pop culture ecology or evolutionary biology question you want answered? Submit your questions and ideas here for a chance to have your topic researched and discussed on the podcast!
Logo design: Austin Ashbaugh, Chase Ashbaugh, Xander Allen
28 Jan 2025
13. I, Seviper: Evolution of Poison and Venom
00:37:33
Welcome to this brand new episode of Adapt or Die! The evolutionary biology of pop culture hosted by Austin Ashbaugh. The current cultural phenomenon we are discussing this season is Pokémon and todays episode is focused on the poison type. Our evolutionary connection to the electric type is the evolution of venom and poison.
In the Safari Zone, I get into the difference between venom and poison, how so many groups have evolved venom/poison, and introduce the idea of evolutionary arms races with pokémon case studies lines. During the pokémon professors rant, I appropriately rant about clarity around venom or poison in pokémon and how toxic should be the type and venom/poison type should only existing as a sub-typing. Lastly, we will end todays episode with describing a regional variant of slowking and results from our latest pokémon spectacular competition. Sit back and relax in a chair older than yourself, open an old dusty tome, and join me as we adapt or die!
Resources cited for research in this episode: 1. Dickinson, C. C. (2019). The Curious Poisoned Weed: Poison Ivy Ecology and Physiology. 2. Espiritu, D. J. D., Watkins, M., Dia-Monje, V., Cartier, G. E., Cruz, L. J., & Olivera, B. M. (2001). Venomous cone snails: molecular phylogeny and the generation of toxin diversity. _Toxicon_, _39_(12), 1899-1916. 3. Gladman AC. Toxicodendron Dermatitis: Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 2006;17(2):120-128. doi:10.1580/PR31-05.1 4. Harris, R. J., & Arbuckle, K. (2016). Tempo and mode of the evolution of venom and poison in tetrapods. _Toxins_, _8_(7), 193. 5. Labadie, M., Aldabe, B., Ong, N., Joncquiert-Latarjet, A., Groult, V., Poulard, A., … de Haro, L. (2012). Portuguese man-of-war (_Physalia physalis_) envenomation on the Aquitaine Coast of France: An emerging health risk. _Clinical Toxicology_, _50_(7), 567–570. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2012.707657 6. Mebs, D. (2001). Toxicity in animals. Trends in evolution?. _Toxicon_, _39_(1), 87-96. 7. Possani, L. D., Becerril, B., Delepierre, M., & Tytgat, J. (1999). Scorpion toxins specific for Na+‐channels. _European journal of biochemistry_, _264_(2), 287-300. 8. Undheim, E. A., & King, G. F. (2011). On the venom system of centipedes (Chilopoda), a neglected group of venomous animals. _Toxicon_, _57_(4), 512-524. 9. Vonk, F. J., Admiraal, J. F., Jackson, K., Reshef, R., de Bakker, M. A., Vanderschoot, K., ... & Richardson, M. K. (2008). Evolutionary origin and development of snake fangs. _Nature_, _454_(7204), 630-633.
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